CN113427097B - Preparation method of wind tunnel heater containing special-shaped air pipe - Google Patents
Preparation method of wind tunnel heater containing special-shaped air pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN113427097B CN113427097B CN202110978392.9A CN202110978392A CN113427097B CN 113427097 B CN113427097 B CN 113427097B CN 202110978392 A CN202110978392 A CN 202110978392A CN 113427097 B CN113427097 B CN 113427097B
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- air pipe
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- brazing
- shaped air
- clapboard
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8803—Visual inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe, which comprises the following operations: a processing liquid nozzle, a special-shaped air pipe, an air pipe and a shell; sequentially assembling the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe at the assembling position of the shell; processing a first partition plate, and arranging a flow collecting groove for shunting the brazing filler metal on the first partition plate; the first partition board penetrates through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe and is assembled on the shell to obtain an assembly component; placing the assembly component in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum brazing to obtain a primary brazed component; processing a second clapboard, assembling the second clapboard on the first clapboard and the shell, and then assembling the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring on the second clapboard; processing a cover plate groove after the assembly is finished, and assembling the cover plate into the cover plate groove to obtain a heater assembly; the heater assembly is vacuum brazed. According to the invention, the brazing structure is adjusted, so that the welding difficulty is reduced, and the product quality is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerospace precision manufacturing, and relates to a method for manufacturing a wind tunnel heater with a special-shaped air pipe.
Background
A schematic diagram of a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe is shown in figure 1, and the heater comprises a shell, a first partition plate, a second partition plate, an air pipe and a liquid nozzle, wherein the second partition plate is made of high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy, and the rest is austenitic stainless steel. The heater is a three-plate two-cavity structure, a fuel cavity and a water-cooling cavity are formed between parts through vacuum brazing, the fuel cavity and the water-cooling cavity are required to bear 4MPa pressure independently, and the fuel cavity and the water-cooling cavity cannot be connected in series. Because the second clapboard is made of high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy and the rest is made of austenitic stainless steel, the physical and chemical metallurgical properties of the two materials are greatly different, and the welding is difficult; in addition, the second clapboard is provided with the special-shaped air pipe, the matching part of the special-shaped air pipe, the first clapboard and the shell is invisible during assembly, the assembly quality is uncontrollable, and brazing filler metal is difficult to preset; the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe relates to matching positions comprising a shell, a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a liquid nozzle and an air pipe, and brazing gaps are directly machined and hardly guaranteed, so that brazing quality is affected, and efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a wind tunnel heater with a special-shaped air pipe.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe comprises the following operation steps:
(1) processing the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell, wherein the shell is reserved with assembly positions of the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe;
(2) cleaning the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell, sequentially assembling the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe at the assembly position of the shell, and then positioning and aligning through burrs;
(3) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at the positions of the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell to be brazed; processing a first partition plate, and arranging a flow collecting groove for shunting the brazing filler metal on the first partition plate;
(4) adhering a band solder to the surface to be soldered of the first clapboard, penetrating the first clapboard through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe, assembling the first clapboard on the shell, and positioning and aligning the first clapboard through burrs to obtain an assembly component;
(5) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal on a liquid nozzle, a special-shaped air pipe, an air pipe, a first partition plate of the assembly and a position to be brazed of the shell, placing the assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum brazing to obtain a primary brazed assembly;
(6) processing a second clapboard, cleaning the second clapboard, adhering brazing filler metal to the surface to be brazed of the second clapboard, penetrating the second clapboard through a liquid nozzle, a special-shaped air pipe and an air pipe of a primary brazing assembly, assembling the second clapboard on the first clapboard and a shell, assembling a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring on the second clapboard, and positioning and aligning through burrs;
(7) processing a cover plate groove at the joint of the shell, the first partition plate and the second partition plate after assembly, adhering adhesive tape brazing filler metal on the surface of the cover plate to be brazed, assembling the cover plate into the cover plate groove, and then positioning and aligning through burrs to obtain a heater assembly;
(8) after uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at the positions to be brazed of a shell, a first clapboard, a second clapboard, a cover plate, a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring of the heater assembly, placing the heater assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace for vacuum brazing.
Further, when the first partition plate and the second partition plate are assembled in the steps (4) and (6), the brazing gap is ensured by adopting the matching holes, and the method comprises the following operations:
when the first partition plate and the second partition plate are assembled on the shell, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are positioned by using pins respectively, matching holes are milled in the first partition plate and the second partition plate in sequence, and then the first partition plate penetrates through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe and is assembled on the shell; or the second clapboard penetrates through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe and is assembled on the first clapboard and the shell.
Further, the paste solders in the step (3), the step (5) and the step (8) are all high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing paste solders.
Further, the tape-bonding solders in the step (4), the step (6) and the step (7) are all high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing tape-bonding solders, and the thickness of the tape-bonding solders is 0.1 mm.
Further, in the step (5), the assembly component is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuum brazing is carried out according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10 Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 800-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1025-1035 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the brazing material along with the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the brazing material to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the brazing material to obtain the primary brazing assembly.
Further, after the primary brazed assembly is obtained in the step (5), performing a pressure test on the primary brazed assembly, wherein the test medium is purified water, the pressure is 4MPa, and the time is 20 min.
Further, in the step (8), the heater assembly is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuum brazing is performed according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10) Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 850-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1015-1025 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the furnace to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the furnace.
Further, visually inspecting the integrity of the brazing seam after brazing, and after the brazing seam is visually qualified, carrying out a pressure test on the brazed heater assembly, wherein the test medium is purified water, the pressure is 4MPa, and the time is 20 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a method for preparing a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe, which is characterized in that the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe is prepared by adopting two times of vacuum brazing according to the structural difficulty of the special-shaped air pipe; the fuel cavity is formed first, and then the water-cooling cavity is formed, so that the fuel cavity and the water-cooling cavity are prevented from being connected in series, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the product quality is guaranteed. According to the invention, the fuel cavity is firstly formed through vacuum brazing, the water-cooling cavity is formed through vacuum brazing after the pressure test is qualified, the fuel cavity and the water-cooling cavity are not leaked or connected under the pressure test of 4MPa, and the product meets the design requirement. In order to solve the problem that a brazing seam at the matching part of the special-shaped air pipe of the second clapboard, the first clapboard and the shell is easy to form a cavity, a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring is arranged between the second clapboard and the special-shaped air pipe. The brazing area is increased by arranging the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, so that the strength of a brazing seam can reach the same level of a base metal; meanwhile, the material can be saved, and the processing cost can be reduced.
According to the invention, the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring are respectively added between the air pipe, the liquid nozzle and the second partition plate, the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring are both made of high-strength copper alloy, and the arrangement of the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring increases the brazing area and increases the brazing seam strength; meanwhile, the cover plate is additionally arranged at the joint of the shell, the first partition plate and the second partition plate, the brazing area is increased by arranging the cover plate, and the brazing seam strength is increased. The invention reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe, and the fuel cavity and the water cooling cavity of the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe are free from leakage and cavity crossing under the 4MPa pressure test, so that the product meets the design requirement. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe has been tested for many times, and the qualification rate of the prepared product can reach more than 95%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shaped air tube of the second baffle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the configuration of the flow orifice of the liquid nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second separator according to the present invention in a disassembled configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a brazed joint of the housing, first separator plate and second separator plate of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the header tank structure of the first separator of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention with perforations;
the device comprises a shell 1, a first partition plate 2, a second partition plate 3, a liquid nozzle 4, an air pipe 5, a water cooling cavity 6, a fuel cavity 7, an abnormal air pipe 8, a small flow hole 9, an abnormal air pipe reinforcing ring 10, a cover plate 12, a flow collecting groove 13 and a pin 14.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 5 to 7, a method for manufacturing a wind tunnel heater with a special-shaped air pipe comprises the following operation steps:
(1) the processing device comprises a processing liquid nozzle 4, a special-shaped air pipe 8, an air pipe 5 and a shell 1, wherein assembly positions of the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8 and the air pipe 5 are reserved on the shell 1;
(2) cleaning the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8, the air pipe 5 and the shell 1, sequentially assembling the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8 and the air pipe 5 at the assembling position of the shell 1, and then positioning and aligning through burrs;
(3) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at the positions of the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8, the air pipe 5 and the shell 1 to be brazed; processing a first partition plate 2, and arranging a flow collecting groove 13 for shunting brazing filler metal on the first partition plate 2;
(4) adhering brazing filler metal to the surface to be brazed of the first partition plate 2, enabling the first partition plate 2 to penetrate through the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8 and the air pipe 5 and be assembled on the shell 1, and then positioning and aligning through burrs to obtain an assembly;
(5) after uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at the positions of the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8, the air pipe 5, the first partition plate 2 and the shell 1 to be brazed, placing the assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum brazing to obtain a brazed assembly:
(6) processing a second clapboard 3, cleaning the second clapboard 3, adhering brazing filler metal to the surface to be brazed of the second clapboard 3, penetrating the second clapboard 3 through a liquid nozzle 4, a special-shaped air pipe 8 and an air pipe 5 of a primary brazing assembly, assembling the second clapboard on the first clapboard 2 and the shell 1, assembling a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring on the second clapboard 3, and positioning and aligning through burrs;
(7) after assembly, processing a cover plate groove at the joint of the shell 1, the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3 to process the cover plate groove for placing the cover plate 12, adhering adhesive tape brazing filler metal on the surface to be brazed of the cover plate 12, assembling the cover plate 12 into the cover plate groove, and then positioning and aligning through burrs to obtain a heater assembly;
(8) after paste-shaped brazing filler metal is uniformly coated on the positions to be brazed of a shell 1, a first clapboard 2, a second clapboard 3, a cover plate 12, a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10, the air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring of the heater assembly, the heater assembly is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace for vacuum brazing.
Aiming at the difficulty in manufacturing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe, the invention provides structural improvement, reduces the processing difficulty and ensures the processing quality; the following difficulties exist in the processing of the heater:
(1) welding difficulty of dissimilar materials: because the second partition plate 3 is made of high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy, and the rest is made of austenitic stainless steel, the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe relates to the brazing of the high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy and the austenitic stainless steel, the two materials have larger difference in physical and chemical metallurgical properties, the brazing seam strength requirement is high, the material strength cannot be greatly lost in the welding process, and higher requirements are provided for the selection of brazing filler metal and the formulation of brazing process parameters;
(2) structural welding difficulty: referring to fig. 2 specifically, due to the presence of the special-shaped air pipe 8 on the second partition plate 3, the matching position of the special-shaped air pipe 8 with the first partition plate 2 and the shell 1 is invisible during assembly, the assembly quality is uncontrollable, brazing filler metal is difficult to preset, and the fuel cavity 6 and the water cooling cavity 7 are easy to form cavities at the position, so that parts are scrapped; the soldered joints between the air pipe 5, the liquid nozzle 4 and the shell 1 and between the first clapboard 2 and the second clapboard 3 are all butt joints which are welded by dissimilar materials, the brazing seam strength requirement is high, and the butt joints are difficult to meet the requirement; as shown in FIG. 3, a small flow hole 9 is formed in the liquid nozzle 4 and is close to a brazing seam, and brazing filler metal is easy to block the flow hole, so that the product performance is influenced; the brazing seam strength has a large relationship with the brazing gap, the smaller the brazing gap is, the stronger the capillary action is, and the brittle phase in the brazing filler metal is easy to diffuse, and the brazing seam strength is higher. The wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipes relates to matching positions comprising a shell 1, a first partition plate 2, a second partition plate 3, a liquid nozzle 6 and an air pipe 5, direct processing is difficult to guarantee, and efficiency is low.
In order to solve the problem that the cavity is easy to be formed by brazing seams at the matching part of the special-shaped air pipe 8 of the second clapboard 3, the first clapboard 2 and the shell 1, a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 is arranged between the second clapboard 3 and the special-shaped air pipe 8, and the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring is specifically shown in fig. 4 and is a schematic diagram of a split structure of the second clapboard. The second clapboard 3, the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 and the special-shaped air pipe 8 are connected by brazing (not separately performed, and simultaneously performed when the second clapboard, the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring and the special-shaped air pipe are integrally brazed with a heater). After the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 is arranged, the brazing seam strength of the matched part of the special-shaped air pipe 8, the first partition plate 2 and the shell 1 can reach 75% of the original base metal, the brazing area is increased by arranging the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10, and the brazing seam strength can reach the same level of the base metal; meanwhile, the material can be saved, and the processing cost can be reduced. In addition, according to the invention, the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring are respectively added between the air pipe 5, the liquid nozzle 4 and the second partition plate 3, and are made of high-strength copper alloy, so that the brazing area is increased, and the brazing seam strength is increased.
It should be noted that the material of the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10, the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring is the same as that of the second partition plate 3, and all are high-strength high-conductivity copper alloy.
Specifically, the cover plate groove is machined in the step (7), the cover plate 12 is used for actual assembly during machining, the single side of a brazing gap is not more than 0.05mm, and in order to not influence the coated brazing filler metal, cooling liquid is not allowed to be added in the machining process.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic view of a brazed joint of the housing, the first separator plate and the second separator plate of the present invention; a cover plate 12 shown in figure 6 is added at the joint of the shell 1, the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3, the brazing area is increased through the cover plate 12, and the brazing seam strength is increased.
Specifically, the cover plate 12 is made of austenitic stainless steel which is the same as that of the shell 1, and the parts to be brazed are cleaned by kerosene and alcohol in the steps (2) and (6).
Referring to fig. 6, a schematic view of the header tank structure of the first separator according to the present invention; as shown in fig. 6, the present invention adds a flow collecting groove 13 on the first separator 2 to provide a certain flow dividing function for the molten brazing filler metal, and it is necessary to select a proper brazing filler metal and strictly control the brazing process to prevent the brazing filler metal from blocking the flow holes. The invention selects high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing brazing filler metal, and the flow collecting groove 13 is arranged on the first partition plate 2 to play a certain shunting role on the brazing filler metal so as to prevent the brazing filler metal from blocking a flow hole.
Referring to fig. 7, a schematic view of the mating holes of the present invention is shown. Further, when the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3 are assembled on the housing 1 in the steps (4) and (6), fitting holes are adopted to ensure a brazing gap, and the method comprises the following operations:
firstly, processing a first partition plate 2 and a second partition plate 3 in place in the diameter and thickness directions, enabling 1mm of allowance to be reserved on the single side of holes where a shell 1, the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3 are matched with a liquid nozzle 4, an air pipe 5 and a special-shaped air pipe 8, then assembling the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3 on the shell 1 through the liquid nozzle 4 and the special-shaped air pipe 8, respectively positioning the shell 1 with the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3 through pins 14, then sequentially milling matching holes, and actually matching by using the liquid nozzle 4, the air pipe 5 and the special-shaped air pipe 8, namely enabling the first partition plate 2 to penetrate through the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8 and the air pipe 5 and be assembled on the shell; the second clapboard 3 passes through the liquid nozzle 4, the special-shaped air pipe 8 and the air pipe 5 and is assembled on the first clapboard 2 and the shell 1.
Further, the paste solders in the step (3), the step (5) and the step (8) are all high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing paste solders.
Further, the tape-bonding solders in the step (4), the step (6) and the step (7) are all high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing tape-bonding solders, and the thickness of the tape-bonding solders is 0.1 mm.
Further, in the step (5), the assembly component is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuum brazing is carried out according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10 Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 800-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1025-1035 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the brazing material along with the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the brazing material to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the brazing material to obtain the primary brazing assembly.
Further, after the primary brazing assembly is obtained in the step (5), performing a pressure test on the primary brazing assembly, wherein the test medium is pure water, the pressure is 4MPa, the time is 20min, and the brazing seam is qualified because the brazing seam is not leaked.
Further, in the step (8), the heater assembly is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace, and vacuum brazing is performed according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10 Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 850-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1015-1025 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the furnace to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the furnace.
Further, visually inspecting the integrity of the brazing seam after brazing, performing a pressure test on the brazed heater assembly after visual qualification, wherein the test medium is pure water, the pressure is 4MPa, the time is 20min, the brazing seam is required not to be leaked or not to be connected with a cavity, and performing subsequent finish machining after the brazing seam is inspected to be qualified to obtain a final finished product.
According to the technical scheme, the invention provides the method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe, aiming at the welding difficulty of the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe, the brazing structure is adjusted, the welding difficulty is reduced, and the product quality is ensured. According to the invention, the fuel cavity 7 is firstly formed through vacuum brazing, the water-cooling cavity 6 is formed through vacuum brazing after the pressure test is qualified, the fuel cavity 7 and the water-cooling cavity 6 have no leakage or cavity crossing under the 4MPa pressure test of the welded product, and the product meets the design requirement. In order to solve the problem that brazing seams at the matching part of the special-shaped air pipe 8 of the second clapboard 3, the first clapboard 2 and the shell 1 are easy to form cavities, the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 is arranged between the second clapboard 3 and the special-shaped air pipe 8, and the second clapboard 3, the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 and the special-shaped air pipe 8 are connected by brazing (the brazing is not required to be carried out independently and is carried out simultaneously when the brazing seams are integrally brazed with a heater). After the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 is arranged, the brazing seam strength of the matched part of the special-shaped air pipe 8, the first partition plate 2 and the shell 1 can reach 75% of the original base metal, the special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring 10 is arranged between the second partition plate 3 and the special-shaped air pipe 8 and then brazed, the brazing area is increased, and the brazing seam strength can reach the same level of the base metal; meanwhile, the material can be saved, and the processing cost can be reduced.
Meanwhile, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring are respectively added between the air pipe 5, the liquid nozzle 4 and the second partition plate 3; the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring are made of high-strength copper alloy, and the arrangement of the air pipe reinforcing ring and the liquid nozzle reinforcing ring increases the brazing area and increases the strength of a brazing seam; meanwhile, the cover plate 12 is additionally arranged at the joint of the shell 1, the first partition plate 2 and the second partition plate 3, the brazing area is increased by arranging the cover plate 12, and the brazing seam strength is increased.
The invention also adds a flow collecting groove 13 on the first clapboard 2, which has a certain flow dividing function to the molten solder and prevents the solder from blocking the flow hole. Meanwhile, the invention adopts a matching hole process to solve the brazing gap problem, thereby ensuring the brazing gap. The manufacturing difficulty of the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe is reduced by the manufacturing method of the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe, the fuel cavity 7 and the water cooling cavity 6 of the manufactured wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe have no leakage or cavity crossing under a 4MPa pressure test, and the product meets the design requirement. The preparation method of the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe is used on similar structures for many times, and the qualification rate can reach more than 95%.
The embodiments given above are preferable examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any non-essential addition and replacement made by the technical characteristics of the technical scheme of the invention by a person skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a wind tunnel heater containing a special-shaped air pipe is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
(1) processing the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell, wherein the shell is reserved with assembly positions of the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe;
(2) cleaning the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell, sequentially assembling the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe at the assembly position of the shell, and then positioning and aligning through burrs;
(3) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at the positions of the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe, the air pipe and the shell to be brazed; processing a first clapboard, and arranging a flow collecting groove for shunting the brazing filler metal on the first clapboard;
(4) adhering a band solder to the surface to be soldered of the first clapboard, penetrating the first clapboard through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe, assembling the first clapboard on the shell, and positioning and aligning the first clapboard through burrs to obtain an assembly component;
(5) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal on a liquid nozzle, a special-shaped air pipe, an air pipe, a first partition plate of the assembly and a position to be brazed of the shell, placing the assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum brazing to obtain a primary brazed assembly;
(6) processing a second clapboard, cleaning the second clapboard, adhering brazing filler metal to the surface to be brazed of the second clapboard, penetrating the second clapboard through a liquid nozzle, a special-shaped air pipe and an air pipe of a primary brazing assembly, assembling the second clapboard on the first clapboard and a shell, assembling a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring on the second clapboard, and positioning and aligning through burrs;
(7) processing a cover plate groove at the joint of the shell, the first partition plate and the second partition plate after assembly, adhering adhesive tape brazing filler metal on the surface of the cover plate to be brazed, assembling the cover plate into the cover plate groove, and then positioning and aligning through burrs to obtain a heater assembly;
(8) uniformly coating paste-shaped brazing filler metal at positions to be brazed of a shell, a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a cover plate, a special-shaped air pipe reinforcing ring, an air pipe reinforcing ring and a liquid nozzle reinforcing ring of the heater assembly, placing the heater assembly in a vacuum brazing furnace, and performing vacuum brazing to obtain the wind tunnel heater containing the special-shaped air pipe.
2. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein when the first partition plate and the second partition plate are assembled in the steps (4) and (6), a matching hole is adopted to ensure a brazing gap, and the method comprises the following operations:
when the first partition plate and the second partition plate are assembled on the shell, the first partition plate and the second partition plate are positioned by using pins respectively, matching holes are milled in the first partition plate and the second partition plate in sequence, and then the first partition plate penetrates through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe and is assembled on the shell; and the second clapboard penetrates through the liquid nozzle, the special-shaped air pipe and the air pipe and is assembled on the first clapboard and the shell.
3. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein the paste solders in the steps (3), (5) and (8) are high-temperature nickel-based paste solders containing gold.
4. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped gas pipe according to claim 3, wherein the tape-bonding solders in the steps (4), (6) and (7) are high-temperature nickel-based gold-containing tape-bonding solders, and the thickness of the tape-bonding solders is 0.1 mm.
5. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein the assembly component is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace in the step (5) and vacuum brazing is carried out according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10 Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 800-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1025-1035 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the brazing material along with the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the brazing material to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the brazing material to obtain the primary brazing assembly.
6. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein after the primary brazed assembly is obtained in the step (5), a pressure test is carried out on the primary brazed assembly, the test medium is pure water, the pressure is 4MPa, and the time is 20 min.
7. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein the heater assembly in the step (8) is placed in a vacuum brazing furnace and vacuum brazing is carried out according to the following parameters:
the cold state vacuum degree is 3-5 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and the working vacuum degree is 3-10 Pa;
heating to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 240-300 ℃/h, and keeping for 0.5-1 h;
heating to 850-950 ℃ at the speed of 300-360 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 4-6 h;
heating to 1015-1025 ℃ at the speed of 360-450 ℃/h, and keeping the partial pressure at 3-10Pa for 0.5-1 h;
and after heating, cooling the furnace to 400-500 ℃, filling high-purity argon into the furnace, starting a fan to cool the furnace to below 100 ℃ after the pressure in the furnace reaches 6-8 multiplied by 104Pa, and discharging the furnace.
8. The method for preparing the wind tunnel heater with the special-shaped air pipe according to claim 1, wherein the integrity of the brazing seam is visually checked after the brazing is finished, and after the brazing seam is visually qualified, a pressure test is performed on the brazed heater assembly, wherein a test medium is pure water, the pressure is 4MPa, and the time is 20 min.
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