CN113426583B - Directional development method of low-quality coal flotation collector - Google Patents
Directional development method of low-quality coal flotation collector Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/018—Mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
- B03D2203/08—Coal ores, fly ash or soot
Abstract
A directional development method of a low-quality coal flotation collector is suitable for research of the collector. Waste plastics are used as raw materials, the waste plastics are subjected to directional pyrolysis in a pyrolysis device after being pretreated, tar in light components generated by pyrolysis is purified and collected, the components are analyzed, and the types of medicaments needing to be compounded continuously are preliminarily selected. Analyzing the surface structure and functional group distribution characteristics of raw coal, performing directional screening on pyrolysis tar and all reagents required to be compounded, testing the adsorption characteristics of each reagent molecule on the coal surface by a monomolecular force spectrum testing technology, optimizing a reagent compounding scheme according to the adsorption characteristic effect, and determining the optimal preparation scheme of the low-rank coal collector by flotation comparison. The method has simple steps, realizes the directional screening and design of the collecting agent molecules, is beneficial to scientifically preparing the high-efficiency collecting agent aiming at different low-rank coal molecules, and realizes the directional screening and design of the collecting agent molecules under microscopic and mesoscopic scales in the field of the development of low-quality coal flotation reagents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a directional development method for a flotation collector, in particular to a directional development method for a low-quality coal flotation collector, which is particularly suitable for research of the collector.
Background
The low-quality coal accounts for more than 40% of the coal resource reserves in China, the annual consumption is nearly 20 hundred million tons, the flotation upgrading of the low-quality coal is a difficult point and a key point for clean utilization of the low-quality coal in China, and the development of a high-efficiency flotation collector for the difficult-to-float coal is a key point. The combination of the polar agent or the ionic surfactant and the non-polar agent can greatly reduce the medicine consumption of the flotation collecting agent, and the adsorption of the polar group and the non-polar group on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites on the surface of the coal particles has a synergistic effect, so that the flotation efficiency is improved.
The development of the plastic industry enables the plastic to be widely applied, and brings great convenience to people. But also causes serious pollution to nature. The waste plastic is treated by the pyrolysis technology, so that the problem of environmental pollution can be effectively and circularly relieved, oil with good quality can be obtained, the waste plastic can be used as fuel, mineral dressing agent and the like, and the method is a good treatment means. Tar produced by oriented pyrolysis of waste plastics contains polar oxygen-containing functional groups such as ester groups and carboxyl groups and has a carbon chain length of C 8 -C 16 The non-polar hydrocarbons are suitable for developing the efficient collecting agent for flotation of low-quality coal, the flotation process is strengthened, the flotation chemical consumption is reduced, and the method has important significance for flotation of difficult-to-float coal.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the method for directionally developing the low-quality coal flotation collector by taking waste plastics as a raw material is simple in step.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention discloses a directional development method of a low-quality coal flotation collector, which comprises the following steps:
a. raw material pretreatment operation: waste plastics, a mixture of the waste plastics and biomass, and a mixture of the waste plastics and coal are selected as reaction raw materials, and the reaction raw materials are cleaned, dried and mechanically crushed to be used as reaction raw materials, wherein the mass fraction of the waste plastics is not less than 50%;
b. selecting a proper catalyst according to the selected raw materials, then calibrating the feeding of the raw materials before reaction, and feeding the raw materials to a pyrolysis device according to the set feeding amount;
c. setting pyrolysis atmosphere, then performing pyrolysis reaction by using a pyrolysis device, separating and collecting solid components generated after the pyrolysis reaction is finished for wastewater adsorption treatment, feeding light components into a condensation system along with a pipeline, and heating the pipeline before entering the condensation system to prevent blockage;
d. dissolving tar components in the light components passing through the condensation system in a solvent, and then purifying the collected tar components by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a water phase of reduced pyrolysis oil and soluble acids; drying other pyrolysis gas components which are not dissolved in the solvent in the light components, and recovering reusable gas from the pyrolysis gas components;
e. Analyzing the composition of the purified reduced pyrolysis oil by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer), and counting the content of various substances in the oil;
f. performing surface property analysis on the selected low-quality raw coal, preliminarily determining the distribution of the low-quality raw coal, the surface property and the functional group after the analysis is finished, and determining the medicament type of the flotation collector for compounding the low-quality raw coal by using the reduction pyrolysis oil based on the flotation medicament action theory; the surface of the low-rank coal is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, and the efficient flotation of the low-rank coal can be realized by directionally developing the composite collecting agent which has polar hydrocarbons and non-polar components according to the surface characteristics of the low-rank coal; pyrolysis tar with different carbon chain lengths and different polar components can be prepared through different reaction temperatures, catalyst types and reaction raw materials in the pyrolysis process of the waste plastics and the mixture, so that the pyrolysis tar has good collecting performance in the flotation process of low-order coal slime; the process not only realizes the utilization of waste, but also can directionally regulate and control the composition of substances in the tar, and has the advantages which are not possessed by the traditional industrial crude oil;
g. selecting a low-quality raw coal surface as a substrate, and carrying out an adhesion test between medicament molecules and the coal substrate on selected single-component medicament molecules by utilizing a single molecular force spectrum test technology of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to screen a plurality of medicaments with the maximum adhesion and desorption force between the coal substrate and the medicament molecules;
h. Screening several medicament molecules with the largest adhesive force to carry out single-component medicament to carry out actual flotation tests for comparison, further selecting several single-component collecting agents with high yield of clean coal and low ash content of the clean coal in the flotation tests, designing an orthogonal test to explore the optimal matching shape of the single-component medicament and the reduced pyrolysis oil through the flotation tests, and realizing the optimal flotation and collection effect of the low-flatness coal by the medicament and the reduced pyrolysis oil.
The raw material is any one of waste plastics, waste plastics/biomass and waste plastics/coal, wherein the waste plastics comprise Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) biomass comprise crop straws, sawdust and animal wastes; the low-rank coal comprises lignite and long flame coal.
The requirement on the crushing granularity of the raw materials is less than 15mm, and the limitation of high crushing cost of plastic products is avoided.
The pyrolysis temperature is 400-550 ℃, the reaction time is 10-600 s, and the selected catalyst types are HZSM-5 and SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、CuO、Fe 2 O 3 、Al 2 O 3 、NiO、ZnO、CeO 2 、Ga2O 3 、ZrO 2 And TiO 2 2 The oil yield is maximized and the components are optimized by one or more catalysts for concerted catalysis, and the surface acidity and shape-selective catalytic activity are utilized to optimize the components, wherein HZSM-5/NiO is preferably used as the catalyst.
The pipe before the light component enters the condensing system is heated to 550 ℃ at 300 ℃ to prevent the blockage of the pipe due to carbon deposition in the pipe and the repolymerization of small molecules caused by temperature reduction.
The compound single-component medicament comprises normal alkane, isoparaffin, lower fatty acid, higher fatty acid, aromatic acid, methyl ester, ethyl ester, primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol and fatty amine substance, and the optimal carbon chain length of the single-component medicament is preferably C 8 -C 16 。
A method for screening the functional groups of medicines by monomolecular force spectrum based on atomic force microscope AFM probe technique includes such steps as analyzing coal structure, creating a coal molecular structure model, using the model as substrate, modifying different functional groups on AFM probe for test of mechanical adsorption characteristics, screening medicine molecules by adhesion, and selecting 10-15 kinds of collecting molecules with the best adhesion effect.
10-15 collecting agent molecules with the best adhesion effect are preliminarily screened based on AFM probe adsorption mechanical characteristic test to carry out single-molecule medicament flotation test verification, and 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result are selected to carry out optimal proportioning scheme design and form the mixed collecting agent.
The screened 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result need to determine the optimal proportioning scheme of the monomolecular medicament through an orthogonal test, wherein the mass fraction of alkane is 30-50%, the mass fraction of fatty acid is 5-20%, the mass fraction of esters is 25-35%, the mass fraction of alcohols is 5-20%, and the mass fraction of amines is 5-20%; the mixed collector which is developed after orthogonal design of the monomolecular collector and is used as a component A is mixed with the reduced pyrolysis oil which is used as a component B to form the final collector which is developed in a directional way, and the mass fractions of the components A and B are respectively 40-70% and 60-30%.
Has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses waste plastics as raw materials for pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas components can be used as chemical raw materials, the semicoke can be used for preparing adsorbing materials or clean fuels, and the oil can be used as a low-rank coal flotation collector, thereby realizing the gradient development and utilization of the waste plastics and turning waste into wealth.
Pyrolysis oil can be directionally synthesized by selecting factors such as waste plastic types, pyrolysis conditions, catalyst types and the like, so that each component forms a collecting agent capable of strengthening the flotation process of the difficultly floated coal.
Under the background that the selection and the use of the existing polar compound reagent mainly come from experience exploration, the mechanical behavior test of the interaction between the characteristic functional group of the flotation reagent and the different crystal faces of the coal particle surface/clay mineral can be realized through the micro-nano scale monomolecular force spectrum test technology, and the functional group screening and the structure orientation design of the flotation reagent molecule can be guided.
Because the surface of the low-rank coal contains rich oxygen functional groups, the efficient flotation of the low-rank coal can be realized by directionally developing the composite collecting agent which has polar hydrocarbon and non-polar components according to the surface characteristics of the low-rank coal; pyrolysis tar with different carbon chain lengths and different polar components can be prepared through different reaction temperatures, catalyst types and reaction raw materials in the pyrolysis process of the waste plastics and the mixture, so that the pyrolysis tar has good collecting performance in the flotation process of low-order coal slime; the process not only realizes the utilization of waste, but also can directionally regulate and control the composition of substances in the tar, and has the advantages which are not possessed by the traditional industrial crude oil;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a directional development method of a low-quality coal flotation collector of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. raw material pretreatment operation: waste plastics, a mixture of the waste plastics and biomass, and a mixture of the waste plastics and coal are selected as reaction raw materials, and the reaction raw materials are cleaned, dried and mechanically crushed to be below 15mm, so that the limitation of high crushing cost of plastic products is avoided, wherein the mass fraction of the waste plastics is not less than 50%; the raw material is any one of waste plastics, waste plastics/biomass and waste plastics/coal, wherein the waste plastics comprise Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) biomass comprise crop straws, sawdust and animal wastes; the low-rank coal comprises lignite and long flame coal;
b. Selecting a proper catalyst according to the selected raw materials, then calibrating the feeding of the raw materials before reaction, and feeding the raw materials to a pyrolysis device according to the set feeding amount;
c. setting pyrolysis atmosphere, then performing pyrolysis reaction by using a pyrolysis device, separating and collecting solid components generated after the pyrolysis reaction is finished for wastewater adsorption treatment, feeding light components into a condensation system along with a pipeline, and heating the pipeline before entering the condensation system to prevent blockage; the pyrolysis temperature is 400-550 ℃, the reaction time is 10-600 s, and the selected catalyst types are HZSM-5 and SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、CuO、Fe 2 O 3 、Al 2 O 3 、NiO、ZnO、CeO 2 、Ga2O 3 、ZrO 2 And TiO 2 The yield of oil is maximized and the components are optimized by one or more catalysts for concerted catalysis and utilizing the surface acidity and shape-selective catalytic activity of the oil, wherein HZSM-5/NiO is preferably used as the catalyst;
d. dissolving tar components in the light components passing through the condensation system in a solvent, and then purifying the collected tar components by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a water phase of reduced pyrolysis oil and soluble acids; drying other pyrolysis gas components which are not dissolved in the solvent in the light components, and recovering reusable gas from the pyrolysis gas components; heating the pipeline before the light components enter the condensing system to 300-550 ℃ to prevent the pipeline from being blocked by carbon deposition in the pipeline and small molecule repolymerization caused by temperature reduction;
e. Analyzing the composition of the purified reduced pyrolysis oil by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer), and counting the content of various substances in the oil;
f. performing surface property analysis on the selected low-quality raw coal, preliminarily determining the distribution of the low-quality raw coal, the surface property and the functional group after the analysis is finished, and determining the medicament type of the flotation collector for compounding the low-quality raw coal by using the reduction pyrolysis oil based on the flotation medicament action theory; the surface of the low-rank coal is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, and the efficient flotation of the low-rank coal can be realized by directionally developing the composite collecting agent which has polar hydrocarbons and non-polar components according to the surface characteristics of the low-rank coal; pyrolysis tar with different carbon chain lengths and different polar components can be prepared through different reaction temperatures, catalyst types and reaction raw materials in the pyrolysis process of the waste plastics and the mixture, so that the pyrolysis tar has good collecting performance in the flotation process of low-order coal slime; the process not only realizes the utilization of waste, but also can directionally regulate and control the composition of substances in the tar, and has the advantages which are not possessed by the traditional industrial crude oil;
g. selecting a low-quality raw coal surface as a substrate, and carrying out an adhesion test between medicament molecules and the coal substrate on selected single-component medicament molecules by utilizing a single molecular force spectrum test technology of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to screen a plurality of medicaments with the maximum adhesion and desorption force between the coal substrate and the medicament molecules; the compound single-component medicament comprises normal alkane, isoparaffin, lower fatty acid, higher fatty acid, aromatic acid, methyl ester, ethyl ester, primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol and fatty amine substance, and the optimal carbon chain length of the single-component medicament is preferably C 8 -C 16 。
h. Screening several medicament molecules with the largest adhesive force to carry out single-component medicament to carry out actual flotation tests for comparison, further selecting several single-component collecting agents with high yield of clean coal and low ash content of the clean coal in the flotation tests, designing an orthogonal test to explore the optimal matching shape of the single-component medicament and the reduced pyrolysis oil through the flotation tests, and realizing the optimal flotation and collection effect of the low-flatness coal by the medicament and the reduced pyrolysis oil.
A method for screening medicament functional groups by a monomolecular force spectrum based on an atomic force microscope AFM probe technology comprises the steps of establishing a coal molecular structure model after analyzing a coal structure, taking the model as a substrate, carrying out adsorption mechanical characteristic test by modifying different functional groups on an AFM probe, screening medicament molecules by the strength of adhesion, and finally selecting 10-15 collecting agent molecules with the best adhesion effect; preliminarily screening 10-15 collecting agent molecules with the best adhesion effect based on AFM probe adsorption mechanical characteristic test to perform single-molecule medicament flotation test verification, and selecting 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result to perform optimal proportioning scheme design and form a mixed collecting agent; the screened 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result need to determine the optimal proportioning scheme of the monomolecular medicament through an orthogonal test, wherein the mass fraction of alkane is 30-50%, the mass fraction of fatty acid is 5-20%, the mass fraction of esters is 25-35%, the mass fraction of alcohols is 5-20%, and the mass fraction of amines is 5-20%; the mixed collector which is developed after orthogonal design of the monomolecular collector and is used as a component A is mixed with the reduced pyrolysis oil which is used as a component B to form the final collector which is developed in a directional way, and the mass fractions of the components A and B are respectively 40-70% and 60-30%.
The first embodiment,
Collecting polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as raw material, washing, drying, crushing to below 40 meshes as pyrolysis raw material, selecting HZSM-5 and NiO as catalysts, calibrating and adjusting the falling mass of PET in unit time in a falling bed reactor, selecting 500 ℃ as reaction temperature, selecting N 2 Is used as protective gas. And collecting solid semicoke components generated after the pyrolysis reaction is carried out and using the solid semicoke components as industrial raw materials, and when the light components escape from the reactor and are introduced into the pipeline, carrying out secondary heating on the pipeline to 400 ℃ to prevent the micromolecules from polymerizing again and blocking the pipeline. The light components are separated from oil and gas through condensation, the gas is used for chemical raw materials after being separated and purified, and dichloromethane is used as a solvent to be mixed with the oil and is purified through rotary evaporation. The purified oil is subjected to component analysis, the content of polar components containing ester groups, carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups is respectively 63.4%, 14.7% and 6.8% by statistics, and the method has a good effect on efficient flotation of low-rank coal with multiple oxidation functional groups and high polar component content. Selecting a certain low-rank coal of a coal mine in Shendong as a sample, establishing a coal surface model after analyzing the surface property of the raw coal, taking the model as a substrate, and selecting single agents such as nonpolar alkanes, low-grade fatty acids, high-grade fatty acids, amines and the like with carbon chain lengths of C8-C15 to perform agent molecular screening. Respectively modifying a single-component medicament molecule on an AFM (atomic force microscope) probe each time, testing the adhesion force between the medicament molecules and a coal substrate, screening 12 medicament molecules with the maximum adhesion force, namely n-octane, n-decane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane, lauric acid, ethyl laurate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl n-butyrate, dodecylamine, dodecyl primary amine and n-decanol, performing single-medicament flotation test on the 12 medicament molecules, and selecting 8 single-component catching coal with high yield of clean coal and low ash content of the clean coal in the flotation test The collector is dodecane, tetradecane, lauric acid, ethyl laurate, ethyl caprylate, dodecylamine, dodecyl primary amine and n-decanol. 8 single agent design orthogonal experiments are carried out, the optimal mixture ratio (component A) is explored through a flotation experiment, and the component A and pyrolysis oil (component B) are mixed at mass fractions of 55% and 45% respectively to form the collecting agent.
Example II,
Collecting Polyethylene (PE) and biomass straw as raw materials, wherein the mixing mass ratio is 2: 1, washing, drying, crushing to below 20mm, and selecting SiO with good effect as pyrolysis raw material 2 -Al 2 O 3 As catalyst, calibrating and adjusting the falling mass of PET in a stirring reactor in unit time, selecting 440 ℃ as reaction temperature, and selecting N 2 Is used as protective gas. And collecting solid semicoke components generated after the pyrolysis reaction is carried out and using the solid semicoke components as industrial raw materials, and when the light components escape from the reactor and are introduced into the pipeline, carrying out secondary heating on the pipeline to 380 ℃ to prevent micromolecules from polymerizing again and blocking the pipeline. The light component is separated from oil and gas by condensation, and the gas is used as chemical raw material after separation and purification, and is treated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) 4 ) The oil, which is a mixture of solvent and oil, is purified by rotary evaporation. Analyzing the components of the purified oil, and counting the content of C 5 -C 11 The content of alkane and olefin with long carbon chain is 72.4 percent, and for developing low-quality coal flotation collectors which lack components such as polar esters, fatty acids, alcohols, amines and the like, the carbon chain length C needs to be selected 6 -C 16 And (4) screening medicament molecules by using single medicaments such as acid, ester, alcohol, amine and the like. Selecting low-ash lignite of a certain coal mine of Ordos of inner Mongolia as a sample, establishing a coal surface model after analyzing the surface property of raw coal, taking the coal surface model as a substrate, respectively modifying a single-component medicament molecule on an AFM (atomic force microscope) probe each time, testing the adhesion force between the medicament molecule and the coal substrate, screening 12 medicament molecules with the maximum adhesion force to be respectively N-decane, dodecane, tetradecane, lauric acid, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl N-butyrate, N-caprylic acid, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N-decanol and N-octanol, carrying out a single-medicament flotation test on the 12 medicament molecules, and selecting clean coal produced in the flotation testThe first 10 single-component collectors with high rate are N-decane, dodecane, tetradecane, lauric acid, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl caprylate, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N-decanol and N-octanol, because the pyrolysis oil contains alkanes, 8 single-agent design orthogonal tests of dodecane, lauric acid, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl caprylate, N-dimethyldodecylamine, N-decanol and N-octanol probe the optimal ratio (component A) through a flotation test, and the component A and the pyrolysis oil (component B) are respectively mixed by mass fractions of 60% and 40% to form the collector.
Claims (9)
1. A directional development method for a low-quality coal flotation collector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. raw material pretreatment operation: any one of waste plastic, a mixture of the waste plastic and biomass, and a mixture of the waste plastic and coal is selected as a reaction raw material, and the reaction raw material is cleaned, dried and mechanically crushed to be used as the reaction raw material, wherein the mass fraction of the waste plastic is not less than 50%;
b. selecting a proper catalyst according to the selected raw materials, then calibrating the feeding of the raw materials before reaction, and feeding the raw materials to a pyrolysis device according to a set feeding amount;
c. setting pyrolysis atmosphere, then carrying out pyrolysis reaction by using a pyrolysis device, separating and collecting solid components generated after the pyrolysis reaction is finished for wastewater adsorption treatment, feeding light components into a condensation system along with a pipeline, and heating the pipeline before entering the condensation system to prevent blockage;
d. dissolving tar components in the light components passing through the condensation system in a solvent, and then purifying the collected tar components by using a rotary evaporator to obtain a water phase for reducing pyrolysis oil and soluble acids; drying other pyrolysis gas components which are not dissolved in the solvent in the light components, and recovering reusable gas from the pyrolysis gas components;
e. Analyzing the composition of the purified reduced pyrolysis oil by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer), and counting the content of various substances in the oil;
f. performing surface property analysis on the selected low-quality raw coal, preliminarily determining the distribution of the low-quality raw coal, the surface property and the functional group after the analysis is finished, and determining the medicament type of the flotation collector for compounding the low-quality raw coal by using the reduction pyrolysis oil based on the flotation medicament action theory; the surface of the low-rank coal is rich in oxygen-containing functional groups, and the efficient flotation of the low-rank coal can be realized by directionally developing the composite collecting agent which has polar hydrocarbons and non-polar components according to the surface characteristics of the low-rank coal; pyrolysis tar with different carbon chain lengths and different polar components can be prepared through different reaction temperatures, catalyst types and reaction raw materials in the pyrolysis process of the waste plastics and the mixture, so that the pyrolysis tar has good collecting performance in the flotation process of low-order coal slime; the process not only realizes the utilization of waste, but also can directionally regulate and control the composition of substances in the tar, and has the advantages which are not possessed by the traditional industrial crude oil;
g. selecting a low-quality raw coal surface as a substrate, and carrying out an adhesion test between medicament molecules and the coal substrate on selected single-component medicament molecules by utilizing a single molecular force spectrum test technology of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to screen a plurality of medicaments with the maximum adhesion and desorption force between the coal substrate and the medicament molecules;
h. Screening several medicament molecules with the largest adhesive force to perform flotation test comparison of single-component medicaments, further selecting several single-component collectors with high yield of clean coal and low ash content of the clean coal in the flotation test, designing an orthogonal test to explore the optimal matching shape of the single-component medicaments and the reduced pyrolysis oil through the flotation test, and realizing the optimal flotation and collection effect of low-quality coal by the medicaments and the reduced pyrolysis oil.
2. A directional development method for low-quality coal flotation collectors according to claim 1, characterized by: the waste plastics comprise Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE); the biomass comprises crop straws, sawdust and animal wastes; the low-rank coal comprises lignite and long flame coal.
3. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the requirement on the crushing granularity of the raw materials is below 15mm, and the limitation of high crushing cost of plastic products is avoided.
4. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the pyrolysis temperature is 400-550 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 10-600 s, and the selected catalyst types are HZSM-5 and SiO 2 、CaO、MgO、CuO、Fe 2 O 3 、Al 2 O 3 、NiO、ZnO、CeO 2 、Ga2O 3 、ZrO 2 、TiO 2 The oil yield is maximized and the components are optimized by one or more catalysts for concerted catalysis, and the surface acidity and shape-selective catalytic activity are utilized.
5. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the pipeline before the light component enters the condensing system is heated to 300-550 ℃ so as to prevent the pipeline from being blocked by carbon deposition in the pipeline and small molecule repolymerization caused by temperature reduction.
6. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the compound single-component medicament comprises normal alkane, isoparaffin, lower fatty acid, higher fatty acid, aromatic acid, methyl ester, ethyl ester, primary alcohol, secondary alcohol, tertiary alcohol and aliphatic amine substances.
7. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: a method for screening the functional groups of medicines by monomolecular force spectrum based on atomic force microscope AFM probe technique includes such steps as analyzing coal structure, creating a coal molecular structure model, using the model as substrate, modifying different functional groups on AFM probe for test of mechanical adsorption characteristics, screening medicine molecules by adhesion, and selecting 10-15 kinds of collecting molecules with the best adhesion effect.
8. The directional development method of the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 7, characterized by comprising the following steps: 10-15 collecting agent molecules with the best adhesion effect are preliminarily screened based on AFM probe adsorption mechanical characteristic test to carry out single-molecule medicament flotation test verification, and 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result are selected to carry out optimal proportioning scheme design to form the mixed collecting agent.
9. The directional development method for the low-quality coal flotation collector according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: the screened 5-10 medicaments with the best flotation effect and identical with the AFM probe adsorption mechanical test result need to determine the optimal proportioning scheme of the monomolecular medicament through an orthogonal test, wherein the mass fraction of alkane is 30-50%, the mass fraction of fatty acid is 5-20%, the mass fraction of esters is 25-35%, the mass fraction of alcohols is 5-20%, and the mass fraction of amines is 5-20%; the mixed collector which is developed after orthogonal design of the monomolecular collector and is used as a component A is mixed with the reduced pyrolysis oil which is used as a component B to form the final collector which is developed in a directional way, and the mass fractions of the components A and B are respectively 40-70% and 60-30%.
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