CN113426421A - Foamed geopolymer adsorption material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly discloses a foamed geopolymer adsorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the foamed geopolymer adsorption material comprises the following process steps: a. mixing the fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon according to the mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material, adding the mixed dry material into an excitant, and stirring to obtain a mixed slurry; b. adding hydrogen peroxide and a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, stirring and mixing, adding into a mold, and sealing and maintaining to obtain an initial module; c. and immersing the initial module into a modifier for ultrasonic impregnation, taking out and drying to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material. The preparation method of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material provided by the invention can obtain the foamed geopolymer with high through holes and good hydrophobic property, and the foamed geopolymer has the efficient adsorption effect on various pollutants such as heavy metals, oil stains and the like, and has a very high application prospect in the field of water pollution treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, in particular to a foamed geopolymer adsorbing material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The geopolymer is a gelled material which is obtained by taking silicon-aluminum solid waste as a main raw material through a chemical alkali excitation mode. As the geopolymer has the advantages of high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, low carbon, environmental protection and the like, the geopolymer is widely considered as a green cementing material which can replace or partially replace cement. Through a physical foaming or chemical foaming mode, bubbles can be introduced into a geopolymer system to prepare the foamed geopolymer with a porous structure. The foamed geopolymer is loose and porous, so that the foamed geopolymer is widely used for research and application of building functional materials such as light partition wall materials, heat insulation materials, sound insulation and noise reduction materials and the like. However, the use of foamed geopolymers in aqueous environments has not been effectively exploited, mainly because: 1) the geopolymer system is over-alkaline and contains a large amount of free alkali, so that the geopolymer system is not water-resistant and is easy to cause alkali loss and efflorescence phenomenon when meeting water; 2) the pore structure of foamed geopolymers is difficult to control, and in particular, pore connectivity is difficult to achieve. Therefore, overcoming the two problems has important significance for application in the water environment of the foamed geopolymer and widening the application field of the foamed geopolymer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing geopolymer, the invention provides a foamed geopolymer adsorbing material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a foamed geopolymer adsorption material comprises the following process steps:
a. mixing 5-6 parts of fly ash, 2-3 parts of blast furnace slag and 2-3 parts of activated carbon according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material; adding an exciting agent into the mixed dry material and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed slurry;
b. adding hydrogen peroxide and a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, stirring and mixing, adding into a mould, and sealing and maintaining to obtain an initial module;
c. immersing the initial module into a modifier for ultrasonic impregnation, taking out and drying to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material; wherein the modifier is polymethylhydrosiloxane or chitosan solution.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the foamed geopolymer adsorption material provided by the invention has the advantages that the fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon in a specific ratio are used as main raw materials, and a foamed geopolymer sample (with the characteristics of a heat insulation material) with high through holes can be obtained after maintenance under the combined action of the exciting agent, the hydrogen peroxide and the sodium dodecyl sulfate. Then, the foamed geopolymer sample is placed in a modifier polymethylhydrosiloxane or chitosan solution for ultrasonic impregnation, the modifier can be uniformly attached to the surface of the foamed geopolymer sample, and the modifier is combined with the foamed geopolymer sample, so that on one hand, the finally obtained foamed geopolymer adsorbing material has an excellent hydrophobic function, the water resistance of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material is improved, the alkali loss in a foamed geopolymer adsorbing material system is avoided, and the application of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material in a water environment is expanded; on the other hand, the grafted functional group formed by the modifier on the surface of the foamed geopolymer sample can obviously improve the adsorption effect of the foamed geopolymer adsorption material, so that the foamed geopolymer adsorption material has the high-efficiency adsorption effect of various pollutants such as heavy metal, oil stain and the like, and has a very high application prospect in the field of environmental management.
Meanwhile, the preparation method of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material provided by the invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, extremely low cost and no need of special equipment, and can meet the requirement of industrial mass production.
Preferably, in the step a, the sum of the mass parts of the fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon is 10 parts.
The preferable mass ratio of the fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon can further improve the use strength of the obtained foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
Preferably, in the step a, the particle size of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag is less than or equal to 45 mu m; the active carbon is obtained by drying active carbon particles with the particle size of 1mm-2mm at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 10-15 h.
The combination of the preferable fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon can further improve the mechanical strength and the pore volume of the obtained foamed geopolymer adsorbing material, and further improve the heat preservation performance of the material and the adsorption volume of pollutants.
Preferably, in step a, the preparation method of the exciting agent comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the alkali solution and sodium silicate according to the mass ratio of 4-6:1 for 20-40 min, and standing for 24-30 h to obtain the sodium silicate-sodium silicate solution; the alkali solution is 3.5-4.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.4-3.6.
The combination of the above-mentioned preferred activators makes it possible to further increase the hydration rate of the geopolymer produced from the above-mentioned dry blend and the early strength of the produced geopolymer.
Preferably, in the step a, the mass ratio of the mixed dry material to the exciting agent is 5: 3.5-4.5.
Preferably, in the step a, the rotation speed of the stirring is 100r/min-120r/min, and the time is 1min-3 min.
Preferably, in the step b, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 25 wt% -35 wt%, and the dosage of the hydrogen peroxide in each kilogram of the mixed dry materials is 20mL-40 mL.
Preferably, in step b, the concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution is 0.8 wt% to 1.2 wt%, and the amount of the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution used per kilogram of the mixed dry materials is 20mL to 40 mL.
The selection of the types and the use amounts of the foaming agent and the foam stabilizer can further ensure the high-through-hole characteristic of the prepared foamed geopolymer adsorbing material, and further ensure the high-capacity pollutant adsorption characteristic of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
Preferably, in the step b, the rotation speed of the stirring is 140r/min-160r/min, and the time is 20s-40 s.
Preferably, in the step b, the curing temperature is 115-125 ℃ and the curing time is 10-15 h.
Preferably, in step c, the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 0.5-1%.
Preferably, in step c, the ultrasonic immersion time is 10min-15 min.
Preferably, in step c, the drying temperature is 115-125 ℃.
The invention also provides a foamed geopolymer adsorbing material prepared by the preparation method of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
The invention also provides application of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material in the field of wastewater treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a test of the appearance and hydrophobic properties of a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is Pb of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material of example 1 of the invention2+A statistical graph of adsorption effect;
fig. 4 is a statistical graph of the oil stain adsorption effect of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a foamed geopolymer adsorption material comprises the following process steps:
a. mixing 5 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of blast furnace slag and 3 parts of activated carbon according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material; adding the mixed dry material into an exciting agent, and stirring for 1min at a speed of 100r/min to obtain a mixed slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed dry material to the exciting agent is 5: 3.5; wherein the grain diameter of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag is less than or equal to 45 mu m, and the activated carbon is obtained by drying activated carbon particles with the grain diameter of 1mm-2mm at 100 ℃ for 15 h; the preparation method of the excitant comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the alkali solution and sodium silicate according to the mass ratio of 4:1 for 20min, and standing for 24h to obtain the sodium silicate-sodium silicate solution; the alkali solution is 3.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.4;
b. adding 25 wt% of hydrogen peroxide and 0.8 wt% of lauryl sodium sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, wherein the dosage of the hydrogen peroxide and the dosage of the lauryl sodium sulfate solution in each kilogram of the mixed dry material are both 20mL, stirring at 140r/min for 20s, adding into a mold, sealing, and maintaining at 115 ℃ for 15h to obtain an initial module;
c. and immersing the initial module into polymethylhydrosiloxane, ultrasonically dipping for 10min, taking out, and drying at 115 ℃ to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
The appearance and the waterproof effect of the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material are shown in figure 1, the contact angle is 165 degrees, and the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material has excellent waterproof performance. Meanwhile, the microstructure of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material was observed by SEM, and the observation result is shown in fig. 2, which has a high density of through holes.
Example 2
A preparation method of a foamed geopolymer adsorption material comprises the following process steps:
a. mixing 5 parts of fly ash, 3 parts of blast furnace slag and 2 parts of activated carbon according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material; adding the mixed dry material into an exciting agent, and stirring for 2min at a speed of 110r/min to obtain a mixed slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed dry material to the exciting agent is 5: 4; wherein the grain diameter of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag is less than or equal to 45 mu m, and the activated carbon is obtained by drying activated carbon particles with the grain diameter of 1mm-2mm at 110 ℃ for 12 h; the preparation method of the excitant comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the alkali solution and sodium silicate according to the mass ratio of 5:1 for 30min, and standing for 28h to obtain the sodium silicate-sodium silicate solution; the alkali solution is 4mol/L sodium hydroxide solution; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.5;
b. adding 30 wt% of hydrogen peroxide and 1 wt% of lauryl sodium sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, wherein the amount of the hydrogen peroxide and the lauryl sodium sulfate solution in each kilogram of the mixed dry material is 30mL, stirring at 150r/min for 30s, adding into a mold, sealing, and maintaining at 120 ℃ for 12h to obtain an initial module;
c. and immersing the initial module into polymethylhydrosiloxane, ultrasonically dipping for 12min, taking out, and drying at 120 ℃ to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
The appearance, water repellent effect (contact angle 167 °) and microstructure of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material were comparable to example 1.
Example 3
A preparation method of a foamed geopolymer adsorption material comprises the following process steps:
a. mixing 6 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of blast furnace slag and 2 parts of activated carbon according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material; adding the mixed dry material into an exciting agent, stirring for 3min at a speed of 120r/min to obtain a mixed slurry, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed dry material to the exciting agent is 5: 4.5; wherein the grain diameter of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag is less than or equal to 45 mu m, and the activated carbon is obtained by drying activated carbon particles with the grain diameter of 1mm-2mm at 120 ℃ for 10 h; the preparation method of the excitant comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the alkali solution and sodium silicate according to the mass ratio of 6:1 for 40min, and standing for 30h to obtain the sodium silicate-sodium silicate solution; the alkali solution is 4.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.6;
b. adding 35 wt% of hydrogen peroxide and 1.2 wt% of lauryl sodium sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, wherein the amount of the hydrogen peroxide and the amount of the lauryl sodium sulfate solution in each kilogram of the mixed dry material are both 40mL, stirring at 160r/min for 40s, adding into a mold, sealing, and maintaining at 125 ℃ for 10h to obtain an initial module;
c. and immersing the initial module into a chitosan solution with the mass concentration of 0.8%, ultrasonically dipping for 15min, taking out, and drying at 125 ℃ to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material.
The appearance, water repellent effect (contact angle 165 °) and microstructure of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material were comparable to example 1.
Comparative example 1
The same amount of polydimethylsiloxane was used in place of the polymethylhydrosiloxane of example 1, and the other raw materials, amounts and preparation methods were the same as those of example 1, to obtain a geopolymer material.
The waterproofing effect (contact angle 110 °) of this geopolymer material is inferior compared to example 1.
Comparative example 2
The same amount of triethanolamine solution with the same mass concentration was used instead of the sodium lauryl sulfate solution in example 1, and the other raw materials, the amounts, and the preparation method were the same as in example 1, to obtain a geopolymer material.
The geopolymer material had a high amount of closed pores in the microstructure, and under the same conditions, the sewage flux was only 15% of that of the geopolymer material in example 1. The waterproof effect is as follows: the contact angle is 141 deg..
Test example 1
The geopolymer materials obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to a performance test, and then to adsorption tests for heavy metal ions and oil stains, respectively. The adsorption tests are filtration adsorption tests, 20g of cylindrical products with the diameter of 5cm are adopted, and sewage flows through a sample (vertical natural infiltration flow) to complete one-time adsorption. Heavy metal adsorption test: 100mL of Pb with a concentration of 100ppm was used for each adsorption2+Testing the solution; oil stain adsorption test: each test is carried out by adopting 100mL of oil-water mixed solution with 10 vol% of oil stain concentration. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Note: first Pb2+Adsorption efficiency: pb after first adsorption test2+Solutions ofPb in2+content/Pb before first adsorption test2+Pb in solution2+The content is multiplied by 100 percent;
pb at 5 th2+Adsorption efficiency: pb after 5 th adsorption test2+Pb in solution2+content/Pb before 5 th adsorption test2+Pb in solution2+The content is multiplied by 100 percent;
first greasy dirt adsorption efficiency: the oil stain content in the oil-water mixed liquid after the first adsorption test/the oil stain content in the oil-water mixed liquid before the first adsorption test is multiplied by 100 percent;
the oil stain adsorption efficiency for the 5 th time is as follows: oil stain content in the oil-water mixed solution after the 5 th adsorption test/oil stain content in the oil-water mixed solution before the 5 th adsorption test multiplied by 100%.
From the above test results, it is demonstrated that the foamed geopolymer adsorbent prepared in examples 1 to 3 can be used as an adsorbent in the field of wastewater treatment, and it is known that it has an extremely high through-hole characteristic in terms of its water flux.
Pb of foamed Geopolymer adsorbent in example 12+The adsorption effect of (a) is shown in fig. 3, and the adsorption effect on oil stains is shown in fig. 4, which illustrate that the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material of the present application has Pb adsorption effect2+And oil stain has extremely high adsorption efficiency.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a foam geopolymer adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following process steps:
a. mixing 5-6 parts of fly ash, 2-3 parts of blast furnace slag and 2-3 parts of activated carbon according to a mass ratio to obtain a mixed dry material; adding an exciting agent into the mixed dry material and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed slurry;
b. adding hydrogen peroxide and a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution into the mixed slurry, stirring and mixing, adding into a mould, and sealing and maintaining to obtain an initial module;
c. immersing the initial module into a modifier for ultrasonic impregnation, taking out and drying to obtain the foamed geopolymer adsorbing material; wherein the modifier is polymethylhydrosiloxane or chitosan solution.
2. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the sum of the mass parts of the fly ash, the blast furnace slag and the activated carbon is 10 parts;
and/or in the step a, the particle size of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag is less than or equal to 45 mu m; the active carbon is obtained by drying active carbon particles with the particle size of 1mm-2mm at the temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 10-15 h.
3. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the preparation method of the exciting agent comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the alkali solution and sodium silicate according to the mass ratio of 4-6:1 for 20-40 min, and standing for 24-30 h to obtain the sodium silicate-sodium silicate solution; the alkali solution is 3.5-4.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution; the modulus of the sodium silicate is 3.4-3.6.
4. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step a, the mass ratio of the mixed dry material to the exciting agent is 5: 3.5-4.5;
and/or in the step a, the rotating speed of stirring is 100r/min-120r/min, and the time is 1min-3 min.
5. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step b, the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 25-35 wt%, and the dosage of the hydrogen peroxide in each kilogram of the mixed dry material is 20-40 mL;
and/or in the step b, the concentration of the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution is 0.8-1.2 wt%, and the dosage of the sodium dodecyl sulfate solution in each kilogram of the mixed dry materials is 20-40 mL.
6. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step b, the rotating speed of stirring is 140r/min-160r/min, and the time is 20s-40 s;
and/or in the step b, the curing temperature is 115-125 ℃, and the curing time is 10-15 h.
7. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, the mass concentration of the chitosan solution is 0.5-1%.
8. A method of preparing a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c, the ultrasonic dipping time is 10min-15 min;
and/or in step c, the drying temperature is 115-125 ℃.
9. A foamed geopolymer adsorbent material prepared by the method of preparation of a foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the foamed geopolymer adsorbent material according to claim 9 as an adsorbent material in the field of wastewater treatment.
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