CN113422517B - High-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with wide output range - Google Patents
High-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with wide output range Download PDFInfo
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- CN113422517B CN113422517B CN202110677108.4A CN202110677108A CN113422517B CN 113422517 B CN113422517 B CN 113422517B CN 202110677108 A CN202110677108 A CN 202110677108A CN 113422517 B CN113422517 B CN 113422517B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with a wide output range, which comprises a primary side full-bridge circuit, a resonance circuit, a transformer and a secondary side full-bridge circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the resonance circuit comprises a first resonance inductor, a second resonance inductor and a resonance capacitor; one end of the first resonant inductor is connected with the first output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, and the other end of the first resonant inductor is connected with one end of the second resonant inductor; the other end of the second resonance inductor is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, one end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the other end of the first resonance inductor, the other end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer, and the other end of the resonance capacitor is also connected with the second output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit; the inductance values of the first resonant inductor and the second resonant inductor are the same. The invention can realize soft switching in both directions and can improve the power density of the bidirectional DC/DC converter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of switching power supplies, in particular to a high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with a wide output range.
Background
The DC/DC converter is a key component of an electric automobile power distribution system. On one hand, the DC/DC converter converts high-voltage electricity of the power battery into low-voltage electricity to be supplied to a low-voltage module in the electric automobile, and on the other hand, the DC/DC converter is used as the rear stage of an on-board charger (OBC), converts high-voltage bus voltage into high-voltage electricity required by the power battery, and provides electrical isolation. One development trend of electric vehicles is to become mobile energy storage devices, so as to supply power to other devices and a power grid, i.e. to realize the "V2X" function. This puts higher demands on the performance of the DC/DC converter in the reverse energy transmission, but the existing DC/DC converter for bidirectional energy transmission has the problems of small output range, large loss, low power density, etc., and it is difficult to achieve good bidirectional energy transmission performance.
The LLC resonant converter is a DC/DC converter topology which is used more frequently in the power distribution system of an electric vehicle, and its basic structure is shown in fig. 1. By reasonably setting the parameters of the resonant cavity, the working frequency is set near the resonant frequency in the inductive area, so that the soft switching of the primary side switching tube can be realized, and if the working frequency is lower than the resonant frequency in the inductive area, the soft switching of the secondary side switching tube can also be realized. The low losses resulting from the implementation of soft switching are one of the advantages of LLC resonant converters. However, when the circuit is used for transmitting energy reversely, the LLC resonant converter degenerates into a series resonant converter, on one hand, the secondary switching tube cannot realize soft switching, and the advantage of the LLC resonant converter over other resonant converters is lost; on the other hand, the maximum value of the reverse gain is the ratio of the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer to the number of turns of the secondary side of the transformer, which limits the output voltage range during reverse operation.
The CLLLC resonant converter is an improved circuit of the LLC resonant converter, and the basic structure of the CLLLC resonant converter is shown in FIG. 2. On the basis of the LLC resonant converter, the CLLLC resonant converter is additionally provided with a resonant capacitor and a resonant inductor on the secondary side, and the working state is the same as that of forward working in reverse transmission by utilizing a symmetrical structure, so that better reverse transmission performance is realized. However, the resonant cavity of this structure is composed of five elements, and especially the existence of three resonant inductors occupies a large space, which causes a problem of low power density. Meanwhile, the CLLLC resonant converter needs to consider the matching problem of the primary side resonant cavity and the secondary side resonant cavity, and the design difficulty is increased.
The CLLC resonant converter omits a resonant inductor additionally arranged on the secondary side of the CLLLC resonant converter, only has one more resonant capacitor than the LLC resonant converter, and is an asymmetric resonant converter (as shown in fig. 3). Although this asymmetric structure can achieve higher power density than a symmetric CLLLC converter, the different operating states in the forward and reverse directions increase the design difficulty. Meanwhile, if the parameters are unreasonable in arrangement, multiple wave crests appear on the reverse gain curve of the CLLC resonant converter during heavy load, so that the circuit is easy to enter positive feedback, closed-loop regulation fails, and the explosion is caused in serious cases.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with a wide output range, soft switching can be realized in both directions, and the power density of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with the wide output range comprises a primary side full-bridge circuit, a resonance circuit, a transformer and a secondary side full-bridge circuit which are sequentially connected, wherein the resonance circuit comprises a first resonance inductor, a second resonance inductor and a resonance capacitor; one end of the first resonant inductor is connected with the first output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, and the other end of the first resonant inductor is connected with one end of the second resonant inductor; the other end of the second resonance inductor is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, one end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the other end of the first resonance inductor, the other end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer, and the other end of the resonance capacitor is also connected with the second output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit; the inductance values of the first resonant inductor and the second resonant inductor are the same.
The primary side full-bridge circuit comprises a first MOS tube, a second MOS tube, a third MOS tube and a fourth MOS tube, wherein the source electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the third MOS tube and serves as the first output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, the source electrode of the second MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube and serves as the second output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, the drain electrode of the first MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the second MOS tube and serves as the first input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, and the source electrode of the third MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the fourth MOS tube and serves as the second input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit.
And an input capacitor is also connected between the first input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit and the second input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit.
The secondary side full-bridge circuit comprises a fifth MOS tube, a sixth MOS tube, a seventh MOS tube and an eighth MOS tube, wherein the source electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube and serves as the first input end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit, the source electrode of the sixth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the eighth MOS tube and serves as the second input end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit, the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth MOS tube and serves as the first output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit, and the source electrode of the seventh MOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the eighth MOS tube and serves as the second output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit.
And an output capacitor is also connected between the first output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit and the second output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the symmetrical structure of the invention reduces the design difficulty, the loss in bidirectional operation can be reduced by utilizing the inherent soft switching characteristic of the resonant converter, and the elements used by the proposed symmetrical resonant cavity are less than those of the CLLLC resonant converter and the CLLC resonant converter, so that the power density of the bidirectional DC/DC converter can be improved; on the other hand, the output gain range of the topological structure provided by the invention is larger than the output gain range of the LLC resonant converter during forward working by utilizing fundamental wave analysis, so that the application requirement on the output gain range can be met, and the complex operation required by the high-frequency LLC resonant converter during soft start is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a prior art LLC resonant converter;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a CLLLC resonant converter in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CLLC resonant converter in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of forward gain M versus operating frequency for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a ZVS area coverage map for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a fast drop in forward gain with increased operating frequency for an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the working state in the rational case of the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with a wide output range, which comprises a primary side full-bridge circuit, a resonance circuit, a transformer and a secondary side full-bridge circuit which are connected in sequence as shown in figure 4.
The primary side full-bridge circuit comprises a first MOS tube Q1, a second MOS tube Q2, a third MOS tube Q3 and a fourth MOS tube Q4, wherein the source electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of the third MOS tube Q3 and serves as the first output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, the source electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4 and serves as the second output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, the drain electrode of the first MOS tube Q1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second MOS tube Q2 and serves as the first input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, and the source electrode of the third MOS tube Q3 is connected with the source electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4 and serves as the second input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit. An input capacitor C is connected between the first input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit and the second input end of the primary side full-bridge circuit in 。
The resonant circuit comprises a first resonant inductor Lr 1 A second resonant inductor Lr 2 And a resonant capacitance Cr; the first resonant inductor Lr 1 Is connected with the first output end of the primary side full bridge circuit, and the other end is connected with the second resonance inductor Lr 2 One end of the two ends are connected; the second resonant inductor Lr 2 The other end of the resonant capacitor Cr is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, and one end of the resonant capacitor Cr is connected with the first resonant inductor Lr 1 The other end of the resonant capacitor Cr is connected with a second output end of the primary side full bridge circuit; the first resonant inductor Lr 1 And a second resonant inductor Lr 2 Of the same inductance value, i.e. Lr 1 ＝Lr 2 。
The secondary side full-bridge circuit comprises a fifth MOS tube Q5, a sixth MOS tube Q6, a seventh MOS tube Q7 and an eighth MOS tube Q8, wherein the source electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q5 is connected with the drain electrode of the seventh MOS tube Q7 and serves as the source electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q5The first input end of secondary side full-bridge circuit, the source electrode of sixth MOS pipe Q6 with the drain electrode of eighth MOS pipe Q8 links to each other and regards as the second input end of secondary side full-bridge circuit, the drain electrode of fifth MOS pipe Q5 with the drain electrode of sixth MOS pipe Q6 links to each other and regards as the first output end of secondary side full-bridge circuit, the source electrode of seventh MOS pipe Q7 with the source electrode of eighth MOS pipe Q8 links to each other and regards as the second output end of secondary side full-bridge circuit. An output capacitor C is connected between the first output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit and the second output end of the secondary side full-bridge circuit out 。
The bidirectional DC/DC converter topology of the present embodiment is a symmetrical structure in which the first resonant inductor Lr 1 And a second resonant inductor Lr 2 The forward and reverse working states are the same, and the designer only needs to consider the one-way transmission characteristic, which greatly simplifies the design process.
Taking forward operation as an example, the forward gain M satisfies the following condition as obtained by fundamental wave analysis (FHA):
wherein f is s Is the resonant frequency, N s Number of turns of secondary side of transformer, N p Is the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer, R Load Is the resistance of the load, L r1 And L r2 Inductance values of the first resonant inductor and the second resonant inductor, C r Is the capacitance value of the resonant capacitor.
The bidirectional DC/DC converter of the present embodiment has two resonance frequencies:
and
at the resonance frequency f s1 At positive gain
At the resonance frequency f s2 At positive gain
The relationship of the forward gain M to the operating frequency is shown in fig. 5.
At the resonance frequency f s1 At, along with the load R Load Is different in gain but at the resonant frequency f s2 The gain is always a fixed value regardless of the load variation. If further taking Lr 1 ＝Lr 2 Then at the resonant frequency f s2 At positive gain
This characteristic is the same as for LLC resonant converters. During design, the parameters of the resonant cavity are reasonably set so that the working frequency is at the resonant frequency f s2 And the vicinity to ensure the stability of the gain under different load conditions.
The operating frequency of the resonant converter must be such that the input impedance is inductive to achieve ZVS soft switching. Input impedance of the proposed topology
To make the input impedance inductive, Z in (ω s ) Should be greater than zero. At Lr 1 ＝Lr 2 The ZVS region range of the proposed topology is shown in fig. 6, with the working frequency range solved for the converter to achieve ZVS:
In actual operation, the operating frequency includes the resonant frequency f s2 The operating frequency range of the in-region adjustment which can satisfy the ZVS condition is as follows:
if the resonant cavity parameters are set reasonably, the resonant frequency f is enabled s2 The resonant cavity is equal to or as close to the working frequency as possible, the resonant cavity can work in an inductive area, and the circuit can realize ZVS soft switching. In order to prevent ZVS failure caused by circuit exiting from the inductive area and entering into the capacitive area during closed-loop regulation, the lower limit of working frequency during full load can be calculated according to rated load, transformer turn ratio and resonant cavity parameters
The working frequency is not allowed to be lower than f when the circuit works in a closed loop s,min 。
The proposed bidirectional energy efficient DC/DC converter topology also has the advantage of a large output range. Under light load, the working frequency is greater than the resonant frequency f s2 With increasing operating frequency, the gain drops rapidly (as shown in fig. 7). Under light load, the working frequency is 1.2f s2 、1.5f s2 、2f s2 The forward gains can reach 0.55,0.3 and 0.15. On one hand, the characteristic of wide output range makes the proposed DC/DC converter topology suitable for application with higher requirement on output range, and on the other hand, the characteristic can be used for simplifying the control of the DC/DC converter in soft start.
The proposed wide output range energy efficient bidirectional DC/DC converter ideally operates as shown in fig. 8. The curve in the figure is the output voltage V from top to bottom out Resonant current I L1 And a switch tube Q 3 Gate-source voltage V of gs3 And a switching tube Q 3 Drain-source voltage V of ds3 And a switching tube Q 4 Gate-source voltage V of gs4 And a switch tube Q 4 Drain-source voltage V of ds4 。
Claims (5)
1. A high-energy-efficiency bidirectional DC/DC converter with a wide output range comprises a primary side full-bridge circuit, a resonance circuit, a transformer and a secondary side full-bridge circuit which are sequentially connected, and is characterized in that the resonance circuit comprises a first resonance inductor, a second resonance inductor and a resonance capacitor; one end of the first resonant inductor is connected with the first output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit, and the other end of the first resonant inductor is connected with one end of the second resonant inductor; the other end of the second resonance inductor is connected with the first end of the primary side of the transformer, one end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the other end of the first resonance inductor, the other end of the resonance capacitor is connected with the second end of the primary side of the transformer, and the other end of the resonance capacitor is also connected with the second output end of the primary side full-bridge circuit; the inductance values of the first resonant inductor and the second resonant inductor are the same; the operating frequency of the resonant circuit being at the resonant frequency f s2 Near and operating frequency not lower than f in closed-loop operation s,min Wherein, in the step (A),
L r1 and L r2 The inductance values of the first resonance inductor and the second resonance inductor are L and C r Is the capacitance value of the resonant capacitor, N s Number of turns of secondary side of transformer, N p Is the number of turns of the primary side of the transformer, R Load Is the resistance of the load.
2. The wide-output-range energy-efficient bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the primary-side full-bridge circuit comprises a first MOS transistor, a second MOS transistor, a third MOS transistor and a fourth MOS transistor, the source of the first MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the third MOS transistor and serves as the first output terminal of the primary-side full-bridge circuit, the source of the second MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the fourth MOS transistor and serves as the second output terminal of the primary-side full-bridge circuit, the drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the second MOS transistor and serves as the first input terminal of the primary-side full-bridge circuit, and the source of the third MOS transistor is connected to the source of the fourth MOS transistor and serves as the second input terminal of the primary-side full-bridge circuit.
3. The wide output range, energy efficient bidirectional DC/DC converter as recited in claim 2, wherein an input capacitor is further connected between the first input terminal of the primary side full bridge circuit and the second input terminal of the primary side full bridge circuit.
4. The wide-output-range energy-efficient bidirectional DC/DC converter according to claim 1, wherein the secondary full-bridge circuit comprises a fifth MOS transistor, a sixth MOS transistor, a seventh MOS transistor and an eighth MOS transistor, the source of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the seventh MOS transistor and serves as the first input terminal of the secondary full-bridge circuit, the source of the sixth MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the eighth MOS transistor and serves as the second input terminal of the secondary full-bridge circuit, the drain of the fifth MOS transistor is connected to the drain of the sixth MOS transistor and serves as the first output terminal of the secondary full-bridge circuit, and the source of the seventh MOS transistor is connected to the source of the eighth MOS transistor and serves as the second output terminal of the secondary full-bridge circuit.
5. The wide-output-range, energy-efficient, bi-directional DC/DC converter of claim 4, wherein an output capacitor is further connected between the first output terminal of the secondary-side full-bridge circuit and the second output terminal of the secondary-side full-bridge circuit.
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Citations (4)
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| CN109217681A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-01-15 | 燕山大学 | A kind of two-way resonance converter |
| CN111969856A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 北京理工大学 | LCL resonance-based global optimization iterative control method for double-active-bridge converter |
| CN112688572A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 王艳萍 | Bidirectional DC-DC converter |
| CN112688571A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 王艳萍 | Bidirectional converter |
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- 2021-06-18 CN CN202110677108.4A patent/CN113422517B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109217681A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-01-15 | 燕山大学 | A kind of two-way resonance converter |
| CN111969856A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-20 | 北京理工大学 | LCL resonance-based global optimization iterative control method for double-active-bridge converter |
| CN112688572A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 王艳萍 | Bidirectional DC-DC converter |
| CN112688571A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-20 | 王艳萍 | Bidirectional converter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| A New ZVS LCL-Resonant Push–Pull DC–DC Converter Topology;Michael J. Ryan et al;《IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications》;19981031;第34卷(第5期);第1164-1174页 * |
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