CN113422207B - Butler matrix circuit and electronic device - Google Patents
Butler matrix circuit and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113422207B CN113422207B CN202110500308.2A CN202110500308A CN113422207B CN 113422207 B CN113422207 B CN 113422207B CN 202110500308 A CN202110500308 A CN 202110500308A CN 113422207 B CN113422207 B CN 113422207B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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Abstract
The present application relates to a butler matrix circuit and an electronic device, the circuit including: the third end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the second end of the first phase shifter, the first end of the first phase shifter is electrically connected with the first end of the second directional coupler, the fourth end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the third end of the first cross junction, and the second end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the first end of the first cross junction; the fourth end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the third end of the second cross junction; the third end of the second directional coupler is electrically connected with the fourth end of the first cross junction, the fourth end of the second directional coupler is electrically connected with the second end of the second phase shifter, the first end of the second phase shifter is electrically connected with the second end of the fourth directional coupler, and the third end of the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected with the fourth end of the second cross junction; the directional coupler, the phase shifter and the cross-over junction are loaded with defected ground structures. The circuit of the present application is physically smaller and has a larger operating bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to a Butler (Butler) matrix circuit, and in particular, to a Butler matrix circuit and an electronic device.
Background
The Butler matrix is an antenna feed network, an antenna system for providing feed is represented by a multi-beam structure and has the characteristic of a linear array, and the physical structure of the Butler matrix is clear, so that the Butler matrix can be easily designed and realized. Under the ideal condition, an NxN Butler matrix is provided with 2N ends, all the ends are matched, the input end and the output end are mutually isolated, when a certain input end feeds power, output power is equally divided at the N output ends, and the phase difference between the adjacent ends is the same. Therefore, the Butler matrix is used as a passive microwave network with a multi-input multi-output structure, the conversion among different beams can be realized, and the power distribution and the power synthesis can be effectively carried out. Essentially, the Butler matrix equally divides the power of an input signal into different paths, power equal division is realized at N different output signal ends, and different phase delays are generated due to different transmission paths of signals of each path. In the actual circuit design process, the cross-junctions in the Butler matrix are not ideal structures and also introduce phase deviation, so that the phase error generated by the cross-junctions is usually compensated while designing a minus 45-degree phase shifter.
The current Butler matrix has the following technical defects: the bandwidth performance of the Butler matrix is mainly influenced by the 3dB directional coupler inside the Butler matrix, when the directional coupler with the branch line structure is adopted, the working bandwidth is generally increased by increasing the number of stages of the directional coupler, and the characteristic impedance value of the transmission line required by the coupler is increased along with the increase of the number of stages. Due to the limitation of actual processing precision, the transmission line adopting the microstrip line structure cannot realize required high characteristic impedance, so that the design of the broadband directional coupler is limited, and the design of a Butler matrix is influenced; when a 45-degree phase shifter in the Butler matrix is designed by adopting a coupling line structure, the distance between two microstrip coupling lines cannot be reduced without limit to increase the coupling degree due to the limitation of actual processing precision, and the design of a large bandwidth is difficult to realize, so that the design of a broadband Butler matrix circuit is influenced; when designing the internal cross-over junction of the Butler matrix, a 0dB cross-over coupler is usually adopted to enable two sections of transmission lines to be crossed and wired without mutual interference, and the traditional 0dB cross-over coupler has a large structure size, is not beneficial to the miniaturization design of a circuit, and is easy to introduce extra phase shift to influence the phase stability of the output end of the circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a butler matrix circuit and an electronic device.
According to a first aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a butler matrix circuit, including:
a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a fourth directional coupler, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, a first crossover junction, and a second crossover junction, wherein:
a third end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with a second end of the first phase shifter, a first end of the first phase shifter is electrically connected with a first end of the second directional coupler, a fourth end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with a third end of the first cross junction, and a second end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected with a first end of the first cross junction; a fourth end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected to a third end of the second crossover junction; a third terminal of the second directional coupler is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the first cross junction, a fourth terminal of the second directional coupler is electrically connected to a second terminal of the second phase shifter, a first terminal of the second phase shifter is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth directional coupler, a first terminal of the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected to a second terminal of the first cross junction, and a third terminal of the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the second cross junction;
the first end and the second end of the first directional coupler, and the first end and the second end of the second directional coupler are used as input ends, the third end of the third directional coupler, the second end and the fourth end of the second cross junction, and the fourth end of the fourth directional coupler are used as output ends;
the directional coupler, the phase shifter and the cross-over junction are loaded with defected ground structures.
In one embodiment, the directional coupler comprises:
the first coupling line and the second coupling line are arranged in parallel, and the at least two branch lines are connected between the first coupling line and the second coupling line;
at least two groups of first defected ground structures arranged on the second circuit layer, wherein the at least two groups of first defected ground structures are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the at least two branch lines;
the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are separated by a dielectric layer.
In one embodiment, the phase shifter includes:
the first upper coupling line and the second upper coupling line are arranged in parallel;
a first ground plane coupling line, a second ground plane coupling line and a second defected ground structure arranged on the second circuit layer;
the first ground plane coupling line and the second ground plane coupling line are respectively opposite to the first upper layer coupling line and the second upper layer coupling line and are respectively electrically connected; the first ground plane coupling line and the second ground plane coupling line are located in the second defected ground structure.
In one embodiment, the crossover junction comprises:
the first grounding compensation line, the second grounding compensation line and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line are arranged on the first circuit layer, the first grounding compensation line and the second grounding compensation line are arranged in parallel, and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line is arranged between the first grounding compensation line and the second grounding compensation line in a roughly parallel mode;
a lower circuit cross transmission line and a third defected ground structure arranged on the second circuit layer; the lower circuit cross transmission line and the upper circuit cross transmission line are arranged in a mode of crossing a projection line on the second circuit layer; the lower layer circuit cross-over transmission line is located in the third defected ground structure.
In one embodiment, the lower layer circuit cross-transmission line is dumbbell-shaped; the third defected ground structure has a shape matching the underlying circuit cross-transmission line.
In one embodiment, the defected ground structure is formed by etching at a metal ground plane.
According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device is provided, which includes the butler matrix circuit.
In the embodiment of the application, through set up defect ground structure respectively for directional coupler in the butler matrix circuit, move looks ware and cross knot, the high characteristic impedance effect that utilizes defect ground structure to produce realizes the high characteristic impedance demand of wide line width in the directional coupler structure, and realize moving the big bandwidth of looks ware high coupling degree, it reduces circuit physical dimension and complexity to pass through the mode that via hole connection to lower floor defect ground structure was walked the line through upper circuit, the butler matrix circuit structure of the embodiment of the application is compacter, the physical dimension is littleer, and the less and work bandwidth broad of the less and work bandwidth of extra phase shift of introducing, be favorable to the miniaturized design of integrating of microwave radio frequency circuit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structural diagram of a butler matrix circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a butler matrix circuit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a defected ground structure of a ground plane of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a crossbar junction according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a structural diagram of a defect of a cross junction according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The essence of the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective structural diagram of a butler matrix circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a butler matrix circuit according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the butler matrix circuit according to the embodiment of the present application includes a first directional coupler 3a, a second directional coupler 3b, a third directional coupler 3c, a fourth directional coupler 3d, a first phase shifter 4a, a second phase shifter 4b, a first cross junction 2a, and a second cross junction 2b, where:
a third terminal of the first directional coupler 3a is electrically connected to a second terminal of the first phase shifter 4a, a first terminal of the first phase shifter 4a is electrically connected to a first terminal of the second directional coupler 3b, a fourth terminal of the first directional coupler 3a is electrically connected to a third terminal of the first cross-junction 2a, and a second terminal of the third directional coupler 3c is electrically connected to a first terminal of the first cross-junction 2 a; the fourth end of the third directional coupler 3c is electrically connected with the third end of the second crossover junction 2 b; a third terminal of the second directional coupler 3b is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the first cross-over junction 2a, a fourth terminal of the second directional coupler 3b is electrically connected to a second terminal of the second phase shifter 4b, a first terminal of the second phase shifter 4b is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth directional coupler 3d, a first terminal of the fourth directional coupler 3d is electrically connected to a second terminal of the first cross-over junction 2a, and a third terminal of the fourth directional coupler 3d is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the second cross-over junction 2 b;
the first end and the second end of the first directional coupler 3a, and the first end and the second end of the second directional coupler 3b are used as input ends, the third end of the third directional coupler 3c, the second end and the fourth end of the second cross-over junction 2b, and the fourth end of the fourth directional coupler 3d are used as output ends;
in the embodiment of the present application, the directional couplers, the phase shifters, and the cross junctions are all loaded with defected ground structures.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a directional coupler according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 3, the directional coupler according to the embodiment of the present application includes:
a first coupled line 12a, a second coupled line 12b, and at least two branch lines (13a, 13b, 13c) disposed on the first circuit layer, wherein the first coupled line 12a and the second coupled line 12b are arranged in parallel, and the at least two branch lines are connected between the first coupled line 12a and the second coupled line 12 b; in this example, there are 3 branch lines, and 3 branch lines 13a, 13b, 13c are electrically connected between the first coupled line 12a and the second coupled line 12b, respectively.
At least two groups of first defected ground structures (21a, 21b) arranged on the second circuit layer, wherein the at least two groups of first defected ground structures correspond to the positions of the at least two branch lines one by one respectively, namely, one group of first defected ground structures are arranged in the second circuit layer at the corresponding position of each branch line respectively; in the embodiment of the present application, 2 sets of first defected ground structures 21a and 21b are provided, and are respectively provided below the branch lines (13a and 13c) on both sides. In fig. 2, transmission lines (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d) are connected to the 4 ends of the directional coupler, respectively.
The first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are separated by a dielectric layer. The first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are respectively arranged on two opposite planes of the dielectric layer; the dielectric layer is an insulating dielectric layer with the carrying capacity of electronic components, and a material with high dielectric constant and low microwave loss is generally adopted, such as an insulating dielectric layer of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Correspondingly, the forming of the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer may include forming the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer by etching according to the layout of the functional units of the circuit on both sides of the double-sided PCB substrate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 4, the phase shifter according to the embodiment of the present application includes:
a first upper coupling line 14a and a second upper coupling line 14b disposed on the first circuit layer, wherein the first upper coupling line 14a and the second upper coupling line 14b are arranged in parallel;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a defected ground structure of a ground plane of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 5, the phase shifter further includes a first ground layer coupling line 22a, a second ground layer coupling line 22b and a second defected ground structure 23 disposed on the second circuit layer;
the first ground plane coupling line 22a and the second ground plane coupling line 22b are respectively opposite to the first upper layer coupling line 14a and the second upper layer coupling line 14b, and are respectively electrically connected; the first ground plane coupling line 22a and the second ground plane coupling line 22b are located in the second defective ground structure 23.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a crossbar junction according to an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 6, the crossbar junction according to the embodiment of the present application includes:
the first ground compensation line 16a, the second ground compensation line 16b and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line 17 are arranged on the first circuit layer, the first ground compensation line 16a and the second ground compensation line 16b are arranged in parallel, and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line 17 is arranged between the first ground compensation line 16a and the second ground compensation line 16b in a roughly parallel mode.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a defective ground structure of a cross-junction according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the cross-junction according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes a lower circuit cross transmission line 24 and a third defective ground structure 25 disposed on the second circuit layer; the lower-layer circuit cross transmission line 24 and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line 17 are arranged in such a manner that projected lines cross on the second circuit layer; the lower circuit crossover transmission line 24 is located in the third defected ground structure 25. As shown in fig. 7, the lower layer circuit cross transmission line 24 is dumbbell-shaped; the third defected ground structure 25 has a shape matching the lower circuit cross transmission line 24 and is also dumbbell-shaped.
In the embodiment of the application, the defected ground structure is formed by etching in the metal ground plane.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the overall operation relationship of the butler matrix circuit is as follows:
the input signal can enter from any of the 4 ports (Port1, Port2, Port3, Port 4), which is described below by way of example from Port 1. An input signal enters from a Port1, passes through a 3dB directional coupler 3a, is coupled out to form two paths of constant-amplitude signals, and respectively enters a 45-degree phase shifter 4a and a cross junction 2 a; the constant amplitude signal enters a 3dB directional coupler 3c after passing through a 45-degree phase shifter 4a, and is coupled and output two paths of constant amplitude signals, wherein one path of constant amplitude signal is directly output from an inlet 5, and the other path of constant amplitude signal is output from an inlet 7 through a cross junction 2 b; the constant amplitude signal is input into the 3dB directional coupler 3d through the cross junction 2a, two paths of constant amplitude signals are coupled and output, one path of constant amplitude signal is output through the cross junction 2b in the Port 6, the other path of constant amplitude signal is directly output through the Port 8, and finally four paths of constant amplitude signals with the phase difference of 45 degrees are output at the ports Port5, Port 6, Port7 and Port 8.
As shown in fig. 3, the circuit configuration of the directional coupler is completely symmetrical, and signals can be input from any Port, which is described below as Port1 input. Signals are input from ports, through the coupling action of the coupling lines 12a and 12b and the branch line 13, signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference are output at ports 3 and 4, and the Port2 is an isolation end and has no signal output.
As shown in fig. 4, the phase shifter works as follows: signals may optionally enter from ports 1, 2, as described below with respect to entering from Port 2. Signals are input from ports 2, enter the first upper coupling line 14a, enter the second ground coupling line 22b through the via holes, and are respectively coupled with the corresponding first ground coupling line 22a and the second upper coupling line 14b, phase shift signals are output in the Port1 combination, and the phase shift reference is a transmission line corresponding to the cross junction.
As shown in fig. 6, the cross-junction action of the embodiment of the present application is as follows:
the cross-junction structure of the embodiment of the application is in a cross shape overall, signals can be input from any two sections of ports without direct electrical connection relation, taking the signals input from the ports 1 and 2 as an example, one path of signals entering from the ports 1 enters the upper-layer cross-transmission line structure through the Port transmission line 18a and is output through the Port transmission line 18d, one path of signals entering from the ports 2 passes through the Port transmission line 18b and the metal via hole, is transmitted into the lower-layer dumbbell-shaped cross-transmission line through the upper-layer circuit, then is transmitted to the Port transmission line 18c through the metal via hole and is output by the ports 3. That is, two signals inputted from ports 1 and 2 are transmitted from the upper and lower transmission line structures of the circuit spatially, and the 0dB cross coupling function is realized without mutual influence.
According to the Butler matrix circuit design method, the defected ground structures are loaded on the 3dB directional coupler, the 45 phase shifter and the cross junction respectively. Meanwhile, the Butler matrix circuit is simple and feasible, the circuit structure is compact, the double-sided PCB technology is convenient to use for manufacturing, and the requirement on the circuit processing precision is low. The specific design method is as follows:
step S1: designing a branch line directional coupler of a microstrip line structure, as shown in fig. 2, calculating the length of a transmission line by using the working frequency of a circuit, and selecting a proper value for a high-impedance transmission line according to the actual processing precision;
step S2: designing an etching defect ground structure on a circuit metal ground plane right below the two sections of high-impedance branch lines;
step S3: adjusting the length and width parameters of the defected ground structure to realize the high characteristic impedance required by theory under the combined action of the defected ground structure and the upper transmission line structure;
step S4: the physical length of each level of branch line is shortened by utilizing the slow wave effect generated by the defected ground structure, and meanwhile, the frequency center is ensured;
step S5: the structure of the integral 3dB directional coupler is adjusted to meet the requirement of required indexes;
step S6: as shown in fig. 3, the electrical length of the 45-degree phase shifter coupling line structure is calculated according to the central frequency of the circuit design and the 45-degree phase shift angle;
step S7: designing an etching defect ground structure on a circuit metal ground plane right below the two sections of coupling lines of the phase shifter to realize the structure of the two sections of lower coupling lines;
step S8: designing a metallized via hole structure to electrically connect an upper coupling line and a lower defected ground coupling line of the phase shifter circuit;
step S9: as shown in fig. 4, the two signal transmission lines are respectively located on the upper layer and the lower layer of the circuit to form a cross structure perpendicular to each other, and the lower layer circuit of the cross part adopts a loaded hollow dumbbell type defected ground structure.
Step S10: one path of signals from Port2 to Port3 is connected with a dumbbell-shaped transmission line structure etched on a grounding surface through a hole structure, and in order to compensate impedance mutation caused by discontinuity of the transmission line structure, the line width of the lower layer can be adjusted as a coplanar waveguide structure;
step S11: the signal path from another Port3 to Port4 keeps the upper layer of the circuit routing, because the etched cross structure of the lower layer changes the integrity of the original ground layer of the transmission line, an additional parasitic effect is generated, and short circuit transmission line structures are designed at the symmetrical positions of the upper side and the lower side of the transmission line for compensating the influence caused by ground variation.
Step S12: forming a 4 × 4Butler matrix topological structure by the 3dB directional coupler loaded with the defected ground structure, the 45-degree phase shifter and the cross junction according to the diagram shown in FIG. 2 for combined connection;
step S13: and respectively adjusting the lengths of the two sections of transmission lines of the cross joint according to the actual working frequency band, so that the phase difference between the transmission lines and the 45-degree phase shifter is kept at 45 degrees.
Step S14: the whole structure of the circuit is adjusted and optimized to reach the design technical index.
In the above steps, S1-S5 are 3dB directional coupler structure design processes, S6-S8 are 45 degree phase shifter design processes, S9-S11 are cross-junction design processes, and S12-S14 are Butler matrix circuit overall adjustment design processes. The steps can be carried out in parallel, and the processing design can also be carried out according to other sequences.
In the embodiment of the present application, the butler matrix circuit shown in fig. 1 is described by taking a 4 × 4 structure as an example, and those skilled in the art should understand that an 8 × 8, 16 × 16 structure developed by taking the butler matrix circuit as a basic structure based on the butler matrix circuit shown in the figure is easily implemented.
In the embodiment of the present application, the defected ground structure may be in various shapes such as a rectangle and a circle. The branch line directional coupler can adopt a plurality of stages, and the embodiment is only a three-branch line structure.
The 3dB directional coupler basic unit loaded with the defected ground structure adopted by the Butler matrix circuit can adopt a multistage structure to realize larger working bandwidth, and simultaneously utilizes a high characteristic impedance effect generated by the defected ground structure, so that a branch line of the directional coupler can realize higher characteristic impedance on the premise of wider line width, thereby meeting an impedance value required by theoretical calculation and weakening the limitation of actual processing precision on circuit design. The 45-degree phase shifter of the coupling line loaded with the defected ground structure provided by the embodiment of the application utilizes the upper and lower double-layer structures to improve the coupling degree, so that the phase shifting effect of the phase shifter in a larger frequency range is realized. Two kinds of broadband basic units are comprehensively adopted, and the Butler matrix of the embodiment of the application can realize larger working bandwidth.
The embodiment of the application adopts a large number of defected ground structures, and the physical size can be effectively shortened by utilizing the slow wave effect generated by the corresponding transmission line structure. Through the cross junction structure that adopts defected ground structural design, the mode of the double-deck line of walking of upper and lower circuit compares in traditional 0dB cross coupling bridge structure, and the circuit structure of this application embodiment is compacter, and physical dimension is littleer, and the less and working band broad of the extra phase shift of introducing is favorable to the miniaturized design of integrating of microwave radio frequency circuit.
The circuit structure is simple. The circuit structure only comprises one dielectric plate, can be processed and manufactured by double-sided PCB technology, has simple structure and low cost, and has lower requirement on circuit processing precision
It is understood that in some embodiments, the coupled lines and the branch lines may also be referred to as transmission lines, and the names of the branch lines of the coupled lines in the embodiments of the present application are for the function of each part of the circuit in the signal processing process, and are not intended to specifically limit the scope of the present application.
The embodiment of the present application further describes an electronic device, in which the butler matrix circuit shown in fig. 1 is disposed.
The foregoing describes the general principles of the present application in conjunction with specific embodiments, however, it is noted that the advantages, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and are not limiting, and they should not be considered essential to the various embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, the foregoing disclosure of specific details is for the purpose of illustration and description and is not intended to be limiting, since the foregoing disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise details disclosed.
The block diagrams of devices, apparatuses, systems referred to in this application are only given as illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations, etc. must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. These devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are open-ended words that mean "including, but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The words "or" and "as used herein mean, and are used interchangeably with, the word" and/or, "unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The word "such as" is used herein to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as but not limited to".
It should also be noted that in the devices, apparatuses, and methods of the present application, the components or steps may be decomposed and/or recombined. These decompositions and/or recombinations are to be considered as equivalents of the present application.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. While a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions and sub-combinations thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A butler matrix circuit, the circuit comprising:
a first directional coupler, a second directional coupler, a third directional coupler, a fourth directional coupler, a first phase shifter, a second phase shifter, a first crossover junction, and a second crossover junction, wherein:
the third end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the second end of the first phase shifter, the first end of the first phase shifter is electrically connected with the first end of the second directional coupler, the fourth end of the first directional coupler is electrically connected with the third end of the first cross junction, and the second end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected with the first end of the first cross junction; a fourth end of the third directional coupler is electrically connected to a third end of the second crossover junction; a third terminal of the second directional coupler is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the first cross junction, a fourth terminal of the second directional coupler is electrically connected to a second terminal of the second phase shifter, a first terminal of the second phase shifter is electrically connected to a second terminal of the fourth directional coupler, a first terminal of the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected to a second terminal of the first cross junction, and a third terminal of the fourth directional coupler is electrically connected to a fourth terminal of the second cross junction;
the first end and the second end of the first directional coupler, and the first end and the second end of the second directional coupler are used as input ends, the third end of the third directional coupler, the second end and the first end of the second cross junction, and the fourth end of the fourth directional coupler are used as output ends;
the directional coupler, the phase shifter and the cross junction are all loaded with defected ground structures;
the cross-over junction includes: the first grounding compensation line, the second grounding compensation line and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line are arranged on the first circuit layer, and the lower-layer circuit cross transmission line and the third defected ground structure are arranged on the second circuit layer; wherein the first ground compensation line and the second ground compensation line are arranged in parallel, and the upper-layer circuit cross transmission line is arranged between the first ground compensation line and the second ground compensation line in a parallel manner; the lower circuit cross transmission line and the upper circuit cross transmission line are arranged in a mode of crossing a projection line on the second circuit layer; the lower circuit crossover transmission line is located in the third defected ground structure.
2. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the directional coupler comprises:
the first coupling line and the second coupling line are arranged in parallel, and the at least two branch lines are connected between the first coupling line and the second coupling line;
at least two groups of first defected ground structures arranged on the second circuit layer, wherein the at least two groups of first defected ground structures are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the at least two branch lines;
the first circuit layer and the second circuit layer are separated by a dielectric layer.
3. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the phase shifter comprises:
the first upper coupling line and the second upper coupling line are arranged in parallel;
a first ground plane coupling line, a second ground plane coupling line and a second defected ground structure arranged on the second circuit layer;
the first ground plane coupling line and the second ground plane coupling line are respectively opposite to the first upper layer coupling line and the second upper layer coupling line and are respectively and electrically connected; the first ground plane coupling line and the second ground plane coupling line are located in the second defected ground structure.
4. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the lower layer circuit cross-transmission line is dumbbell-shaped; the third defected ground structure has a shape matching the underlying circuit cross-transmission line.
5. The circuit of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the defected ground structure is formed by etching at a metal ground plane.
6. An electronic device comprising the butler matrix circuit of any of claims 1 to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110500308.2A CN113422207B (en) | 2021-05-08 | 2021-05-08 | Butler matrix circuit and electronic device |
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| KR101144565B1 (en) * | 2010-11-10 | 2012-05-11 | 순천향대학교 산학협력단 | Double microstrip transmission line having common defected ground structure and wireless circuit apparatus using the same |
| CN103022700A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Novel 4*4 Butler matrix feed network |
| CN103414003A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Defected ground structure interdigital coupler |
| CN103474724B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2016-06-15 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | High-performance Tunable dual band phase shifter and double frequency passband method of adjustment thereof |
| CN108306110B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-07-26 | 富华科精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Butler matrix structure and electronic device with the Butler matrix structure |
| CN108321482B (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2020-11-06 | 南京邮电大学 | Flexible broadband branch line coupler capable of suppressing third harmonic |
| CN110534920B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2022-03-08 | 中国航空无线电电子研究所 | Flexible butler feed network |
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