CN113421762A - Preparation method of high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN113421762A CN113421762A CN202110748890.4A CN202110748890A CN113421762A CN 113421762 A CN113421762 A CN 113421762A CN 202110748890 A CN202110748890 A CN 202110748890A CN 113421762 A CN113421762 A CN 113421762A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/026—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets protecting methods against environmental influences, e.g. oxygen, by surface treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0266—Moulding; Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet, and belongs to the technical field of magnetic materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by preparing Sm2Fe17Carrying out nitriding aging treatment on the alloy cast ingot to obtain a samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingot; a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt is obtained by a melt rapid quenching method, and the rapid quenching belt is crushed by a planetary ball milling process to obtain a mixed solution; in-process that carries out the high-energy ball-milling at samarium iron nitrogen alloy ingot casting to the mode of spraying is sprayed the mixed solution to samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder, makes the effective cladding of high entropy alloy powder on samarium iron nitrogen powder surface, effectively promotes the area of contact between diffuser and magnetic, improves diffusion efficiency, and through N2And (4) carrying out nitriding tempering heat treatment under protection to obtain the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet. The method has the advantages of simple process and easy operation, and is favorable for the application of the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet in more permanent magnet devices so as to meet the market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
Background
The rare earth permanent magnetic material is an alloy formed by elements such as rare earth Nd, Sm, Pr and the like and some transition metal elements, is a special material with permanent magnetic property and is prepared by a specific process, and is widely applied to motors, generators, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging instruments, microwave communication technologies, instruments and other devices and equipment which need permanent magnetic fields at present. At present, the most widely used rare earth permanent magnet materials are mainly: SmCo5Type Sm2Co17Type and NdFeB system permanent magnets. Meanwhile, SmFeN permanent magnet material is regarded as the only permanent magnet capable of surpassing NdFeB in performance by people since the coming of the world due to the excellent magnetic performance and good temperature stability, and becomes rare earth permanent magnet material at home and abroadOne of the research hotspots of (1). The high-entropy alloy has a plurality of composition elements, so that various unique effects such as a high-entropy effect, a lattice distortion effect, a delayed diffusion effect, a cocktail effect and the like are endowed to the high-entropy alloy, and meanwhile, the mechanical properties of the high-entropy alloy are most extensively and deeply researched at present. High entropy alloys tend to have very high strength and hardness due to the solid solution strengthening effect and strong lattice distortion effect of the atoms within the alloy.
Therefore, in the process of carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy ingot, the invention sprays the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying mode, ball milling and spraying are carried out simultaneously, so that the FeCoNiMnGa powder is effectively coated on the surface of the samarium iron nitrogen powder, the contact area between a diffuser and magnetic powder is effectively increased, the diffusion efficiency is improved, and the N is used for2And performing primary and secondary nitriding and tempering heat treatment under protection to obtain the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
The preparation method of the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing Sm as nominal component by arc melting2Fe17Then carrying out N casting on the alloy ingot at the temperature of 300-700 DEG C2Nitriding aging treatment is carried out in gas protection, wherein the nitriding aging treatment time is 2-15 h, and a samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingot is obtained;
(2) preparing a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt with nominal components of FeCoNiMnGa by adopting a melt rapid quenching method, wherein the rotating speed of a copper roller is 10-50 m/s; then crushing the rapid quenching belt under the protection of gasoline by a planetary ball milling process to prepare a mixed solution with the powder particle size of 10-30 microns, wherein the ball milling time is 2-10 hours;
(3) carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (1), and simultaneously spraying the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline obtained in the step (2) into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, and carrying out ball milling and spraying at the same time until the ball milling is finished; the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline accounts for 5-30% of the weight of the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingot, wherein the FeCoNiMnGa powder accounts for 5-30% of the total weight of the mixed solution;
(4) preparing a pressed blank by the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology;
(5) putting the pressed blank obtained in the step (4) in N2And performing primary and secondary nitriding tempering heat treatment in gas protection to obtain the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
Further, the time of the high-energy ball milling in the step (3) is 2-8 h.
Further, the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology in the step (4) is 1-3T, the pressure is 20-150 MPa, and the temperature is 50-150 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the primary tempering heat treatment of the primary and secondary nitriding tempering heat treatments in the step (5) is 600-950 ℃, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 5-15 h, and then the mixture is rapidly cooled to room temperature; the temperature of the secondary tempering heat treatment is 300-600 ℃, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-5 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to the room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: in the process of carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy ingot, the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline is sprayed into the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, ball milling and spraying are carried out simultaneously, so that the FeCoNiMnGa powder is effectively coated on the surface of the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy powder, and the component elements of FeCoNiMnGa high-entropy alloy are regularly and multi-compositely added in a samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet; meanwhile, the spraying mode in the process effectively improves the contact area between the diffuser and the magnetic powder, improves the diffusion efficiency, and passes through N2And performing primary and secondary nitriding and tempering heat treatment under protection to obtain the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to only the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparing Sm as nominal component by arc melting2Fe17The alloy ingot is then cast with N at 300 DEG C2Nitriding aging treatment is carried out in gas protection, and the nitriding aging treatment time is 2 h, so that samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingots are obtained;
(2) preparing a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt with nominal components of FeCoNiMnGa by adopting a melt rapid quenching method, wherein the rotating speed of a copper roller is 10 m/s; then crushing the rapid quenching belt under the protection of gasoline by a planetary ball milling process to prepare mixed liquid with the powder particle size of 10 mu m, wherein the ball milling time is 2 hours;
(3) carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (1), wherein the time of the high-energy ball milling is 2 hours, and simultaneously spraying the mixed liquid of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline obtained in the step (2) into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, and carrying out ball milling and spraying at the same time until the ball milling is finished; the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline accounts for 5% of the weight of the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy ingot, wherein the FeCoNiMnGa powder accounts for 5% of the total weight of the mixed solution;
(4) preparing a pressed blank by using the mixed powder magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology obtained in the step (3), wherein the magnetic field intensity is 1T, the pressure is 30 MPa, and the temperature is 50 ℃;
(5) putting the pressed blank obtained in the step (4) in N2Performing primary and secondary nitriding and tempering heat treatment in gas protection,
wherein the temperature of the first-stage tempering heat treatment is 680 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 5 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to the room temperature; the temperature of the secondary tempering heat treatment is 600 ℃, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1 h, and then the secondary tempering heat treatment is rapidly cooled to the room temperature, so that the samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet is finally obtained.
Through the magnetic performance and fracture toughness tests of the samarium iron nitrogen magnet prepared by the invention, the coercive force is 1928 kA/m, and the magnetic energy product is 235.2 kJ/m3The fracture toughness is 19.2 MN m-3/2。
Example 2
(1) Preparing Sm as nominal component by arc melting2Fe17Ingot of the alloy of (1), and subsequently alloyingN of ingot at 500 deg.C2Nitriding aging treatment is carried out in gas protection, and the nitriding aging treatment time is 8 h, so that samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingots are obtained;
(2) preparing a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt with nominal components of FeCoNiMnGa by adopting a melt rapid quenching method, wherein the rotating speed of a copper roller is 28 m/s; then crushing the rapid quenching belt under the protection of gasoline by a planetary ball milling process to prepare mixed liquid with the powder particle size of 20 microns, wherein the ball milling time is 6 hours;
(3) carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (1), wherein the time of the high-energy ball milling is 6 h, and simultaneously spraying the mixed liquid of the FeCoNiMnGa powder and the gasoline obtained in the step (2) into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, and carrying out ball milling and spraying at the same time until the ball milling is finished; the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline accounts for 15% of the weight of the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy ingot, wherein the FeCoNiMnGa powder accounts for 15% of the total weight of the mixed solution;
(4) preparing a pressed blank by using the mixed powder magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology obtained in the step (3), wherein the magnetic field intensity is 2T, the pressure is 80 MPa, and the temperature is 100 ℃;
(5) putting the pressed blank obtained in the step (4) in N2Performing primary and secondary nitriding and tempering heat treatment in gas protection,
wherein the temperature of the first-stage tempering heat treatment is 780 ℃, the heating rate is 6 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 10 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to the room temperature; the temperature of the secondary tempering heat treatment is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 6 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 3 h, and then the secondary tempering heat treatment is rapidly cooled to the room temperature, so that the samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet is finally obtained.
Through the magnetic property and fracture toughness tests of the samarium iron nitrogen magnet prepared by the invention, the coercive force is 2058 kA/m, and the magnetic energy product is 248.7 kJ/m3The fracture toughness is 21.5 MN m-3/2。
Example 3
(1) Preparing Sm as nominal component by arc melting2Fe17The alloy ingot is then cast with N at 700 deg.C2Nitriding aging treatment is carried out in gas protection, and the nitriding aging treatment time is 15 h, so that samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingots are obtained;
(2) preparing a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt with nominal components of FeCoNiMnGa by adopting a melt rapid quenching method, wherein the rotating speed of a copper roller is 45 m/s; then crushing the rapid quenching belt under the protection of gasoline by a planetary ball milling process to prepare a mixed solution with the powder particle size of 30 mu m, wherein the ball milling time is 9 hours;
(3) carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (1), wherein the time of the high-energy ball milling is 8 h, and simultaneously spraying the mixed liquid of the FeCoNiMnGa powder and the gasoline obtained in the step (2) into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, and carrying out ball milling and spraying at the same time until the ball milling is finished; the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline accounts for 28 percent of the weight of the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot, wherein the FeCoNiMnGa powder accounts for 28 percent of the total weight of the mixed solution;
(4) preparing a pressed blank by using the mixed powder magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology obtained in the step (3), wherein the magnetic field intensity is 3T, the pressure is 140 MPa, and the temperature is 150 ℃;
(5) putting the pressed blank obtained in the step (4) in N2Performing primary and secondary nitriding and tempering heat treatment in gas protection,
wherein the temperature of the first-stage tempering heat treatment is 880 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 15 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to the room temperature; the temperature of the secondary tempering heat treatment is 300 ℃, the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 5 h, and then the secondary tempering heat treatment is rapidly cooled to the room temperature, so that the samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet is finally obtained.
Through the magnetic performance and fracture toughness tests of the samarium iron nitrogen magnet prepared by the invention, the coercive force is 2199 kA/m, and the magnetic energy product is 255.1 kJ/m3The fracture toughness is 23.7 MN m-3/2。
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing Sm as nominal component by arc melting2Fe17Then carrying out N casting on the alloy ingot at the temperature of 300-700 DEG C2Nitriding aging treatment is carried out in gas protection, the time of the nitriding aging treatment is 2-15 h, and the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy casting is obtainedAn ingot;
(2) preparing a high-entropy alloy rapid quenching belt with nominal components of FeCoNiMnGa by adopting a melt rapid quenching method, wherein the rotating speed of a copper roller is 10-50 m/s; then crushing the rapid quenching belt under the protection of gasoline by a planetary ball milling process to prepare a mixed solution with the powder particle size of 10-30 microns, wherein the ball milling time is 2-10 hours;
(3) carrying out high-energy ball milling on the samarium iron nitrogen alloy cast ingot obtained in the step (1), and simultaneously spraying the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline obtained in the step (2) into the samarium iron nitrogen alloy powder in a spraying manner, and carrying out ball milling and spraying at the same time until the ball milling is finished; the mixed solution of FeCoNiMnGa powder and gasoline accounts for 5-30% of the weight of the samarium-iron-nitrogen alloy cast ingot, wherein the FeCoNiMnGa powder accounts for 5-30% of the total weight of the mixed solution;
(4) preparing a pressed blank by the mixed powder obtained in the step (3) through a magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology;
(5) putting the pressed blank obtained in the step (4) in N2And performing primary and secondary nitriding tempering heat treatment in gas protection to obtain the high-performance samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet.
2. The method of making a high performance samarium iron nitrogen magnet of claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) the time of the high-energy ball milling in the step (3) is 2-8 h.
3. The method of making a high performance samarium iron nitrogen magnet of claim 1, characterized in that: the magnetic field intensity of the magnetic field orientation forming low-temperature auxiliary technology in the step (4) is 1-3T, the pressure is 20-150 MPa, and the temperature is 50-150 ℃.
4. The method of making a high performance samarium iron nitrogen magnet of claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the primary tempering heat treatment of the primary and secondary nitriding tempering heat treatments in the step (5) is 600-950 ℃, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 5-15 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to room temperature; the temperature of the secondary tempering heat treatment is 300-600 ℃, the heating rate is 1-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation time is 1-5 h, and then the temperature is rapidly cooled to the room temperature.
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Citations (7)
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| JPH06204016A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1994-07-22 | Kinya Adachi | Manufacture of rare earth intermetallic compound magnetic material composed of rare earth compound |
| JP2006351688A (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Producing method of samarium-iron-nitrogen-based magnet fine powder |
| CN102184776A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-09-14 | 中国计量学院 | Preparation method of rare earth complex crystal boundary modification sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnetic body |
| CN109036752A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-18 | 徐靖才 | A kind of method that nitrogen class rare earth compounding prepares high-coercive force samarium iron nitrogen magnet |
| CN112382498A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-19 | 杨杭福 | Preparation method of high-coercivity and high-energy product diffusion samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet |
| CN112635145A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-09 | 泮敏翔 | Rare earth-free composite magnetic powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN112652433A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-13 | 泮敏翔 | Anisotropic composite magnet and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-02 CN CN202110748890.4A patent/CN113421762B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06204016A (en) * | 1992-03-18 | 1994-07-22 | Kinya Adachi | Manufacture of rare earth intermetallic compound magnetic material composed of rare earth compound |
| JP2006351688A (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-28 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co Ltd | Producing method of samarium-iron-nitrogen-based magnet fine powder |
| CN102184776A (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2011-09-14 | 中国计量学院 | Preparation method of rare earth complex crystal boundary modification sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnetic body |
| CN109036752A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2018-12-18 | 徐靖才 | A kind of method that nitrogen class rare earth compounding prepares high-coercive force samarium iron nitrogen magnet |
| CN112382498A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-02-19 | 杨杭福 | Preparation method of high-coercivity and high-energy product diffusion samarium-iron-nitrogen magnet |
| CN112635145A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-09 | 泮敏翔 | Rare earth-free composite magnetic powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN112652433A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-04-13 | 泮敏翔 | Anisotropic composite magnet and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20221129 Address after: 310018 School of materials and chemistry, China University of metrology, No. 258, Xueyuan street, Xiasha, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province Applicant after: China Jiliang University Address before: 310018 No. 258, Xiasha Xueyuan street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Applicant before: Pan Minxiang |
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