CN113421273B - Remote sensing extraction method and device for forest and grass collocation information - Google Patents
Remote sensing extraction method and device for forest and grass collocation information Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a remote sensing extraction method and a remote sensing extraction device for forest and grass collocation information.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remote sensing, in particular to a method and a device for remotely sensing and extracting forest and grass collocation information.
Background
For arid and semi-arid regions or important ecological functional regions with fragile ecological environment, ecological system monitoring, evaluation, diagnosis and restoration are carried out, and detailed information of different forest and grass collocation needs to be identified so as to realize ecological system management and protection optimization.
The remote sensing technology has the characteristics of multiple times, multiple spaces, multiple spectrums and the like, and can effectively acquire related information of earth surface coverage and change. The vegetation structure information such as leaf area index, vegetation coverage and the like can be inverted through optical remote sensing, the geometric information of the ground surface can be identified through microwave remote sensing, the surface relief, soil moisture, forest and grass geometric information and the like are comprehensively reflected through backscattering coefficients, and the method has irreplaceable potential for obtaining the forest and grass collocation information of arid and semi-arid regions.
According to the related remote sensing research and application results at present, the remote sensing technology is mostly used for extracting the forest and grass collocation information and is obtained by carrying out land utilization classification or visual interpretation through spectral information or combining texture information and the like. The method has the advantages that firstly, the representation of the forest and grass on the optical remote sensing image easily causes the conditions of 'same-object different spectrum' and 'same-spectrum foreign matter', the difference between the extracted mixed area of the forest land, the grassland and the forest and grass and the actual condition is larger, and the result of extracting the matching information of the forest and grass is uncertain greatly; secondly, for many arid and semi-arid regions, the difference of landform and landform is large, and the similarity of shadow generated by topographic relief and forest and grass spectrum can cause uncertainty of extracting the forest and grass collocation information.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a remote sensing extraction method and device for forest and grass collocation information, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention provides a remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area;
determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture;
and determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch is determined based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the topographic relief index of a first plaque in the plurality of plaques is judged and obtained to be smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque based on the microwave image;
and determining second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the backscattering coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque type is determined based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque type and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque type, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and respectively assigning the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information in the same assignment mode, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the assignment result.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch is determined based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image, and the method further specifically comprises the following steps:
if the fact that the topographic relief index of a second plaque in the plurality of plaques is larger than a first preset threshold value is judged and known, calculating a first normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque at each time point and a second normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque in the preset time period based on the optical remote sensing image at each time point in the time series optical remote sensing image;
calculating a normalized vegetation index variation coefficient of the second type of patch within the preset time period based on the first type of normalized vegetation index mean value and the second type of normalized vegetation index mean value;
and determining third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the normalized vegetation index change coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the forest and grass collocation area in the target area is determined based on the optical remote sensing image, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining a water body area, a farmland area and a non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image;
and on the target area, performing mask processing on the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area to obtain the forest and grass collocation area.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area of the target area are determined based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
for any scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing images, if judging that the any scene remote sensing image only contains 4 wave bands, determining the water body area based on the infrared wave band reflectivity, the red light wave band reflectivity and the green light wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the any scene remote sensing image; if not, then,
if the fact that any scene remote sensing image contains more than 4 wave bands is judged and known, the water body area is determined based on short wave infrared band reflectivity and green wave band reflectivity of each pixel in any scene remote sensing image;
and determining a normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image based on the infrared band reflectivity, the red light band reflectivity and the green light band reflectivity at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image.
According to the remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the invention, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area are determined based on the normalized vegetation index of each pixel in each remote sensing image, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
determining first pixels with normalized vegetation indexes smaller than a second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the first pixels form a non-vegetation area in each remote sensing image;
determining second pixels with the normalized vegetation index being greater than or equal to the second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the second pixels form a farmland forest and grass mixed area in each remote sensing image;
determining a crop identification index based on the normalized vegetation index at the second type pixel in each scene remote sensing image and the normalized vegetation index mean value at the second type pixel at the same position in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area in the farmland, forest and grass mixed area based on the crop identification index.
The invention also provides a remote sensing extraction device for the forest and grass collocation information, which comprises:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring an optical remote sensing image and a microwave image of a target area and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period;
the patch determining module is used for determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture;
and the information extraction module is used for determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
The invention also provides electronic equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of any one of the remote sensing extraction methods of the forest and grass collocation information.
The invention also provides a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any one of the remote sensing extraction methods for the matching information of forest and grass.
The invention provides a remote sensing extraction method and a remote sensing extraction device for forest and grass collocation information, which are characterized in that firstly, an optical remote sensing image and a microwave image of a target area and a time sequence optical remote sensing image of a vegetation growth vigorous period in a preset time period are obtained; then determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture; and finally, determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image. By combining the optical remote sensing image, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image, the accurate extraction of the forest and grass collocation information in the target area can be realized, so that the more accurate management of the ecosystem is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing extraction method of matching information of forest and grass according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a remote sensing extraction device for matching information of forest and grass according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s1, acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area;
s2, determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, dividing the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture;
s3, determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
Specifically, in the remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, an execution main body is a server, the server may be a local server or a cloud server, and the local server may specifically be a computer, a tablet computer, a smart phone, and the like, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
Step S1 is executed first to obtain an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous stage implanted within a preset time period of a target area. The target area is an area in which the matching information of the forest and grass is required to be determined, and may be an arid area or a semi-arid area, which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention. The optical remote sensing image is a remote sensing image within a target time period acquired by an optical principle, and the target time period can be set as required, for example, one year. The microwave image is a remote sensing image in a target time period obtained by a microwave principle. The preset time period may be set as required, and the length of the preset time period may be greater than that of the target time period in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the preset time period may be 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, and the like. The vegetation growth period may vary from vegetation to vegetation and is generally considered to be 5-7 months of the year. The time-series optical remote sensing images can be obtained by sequencing the optical remote sensing images acquired in the vegetation growth vigorous period in the preset time period according to time. In the embodiment of the invention, the optical remote sensing image and the time sequence optical remote sensing image have the same spatial resolution, and the spatial resolution of the microwave image can be matched with the spatial resolution of the optical remote sensing image.
And step S2 is executed, and the forest and grass collocation area in the target area is determined according to the optical remote sensing image. The forest and grass collocation area refers to a forest land area, a grassland area and a forest land and grassland mixed area contained in the target area. After the forest and grass matching area is determined, the forest and grass matching area is segmented, and the vegetation in the forest and grass matching area is classified to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass matching area. The segmentation operation can be realized by adopting professional software, and image segmentation is carried out by using methods such as a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculation comprehensive gray level co-occurrence matrix and a spectrum to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation region. Furthermore, professional software can be continuously adopted to supervise and classify the plurality of patches and determine the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch. The first forest and grass collocation information of each patch can comprise woodland, grassland and forest and grass mixture. The first forest and grass collocation information can represent an initial classification result obtained by performing supervision and classification on a plurality of plaques.
Finally, step S3 is performed to determine a topographic relief index of each patch according to Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data of each pixel within each patch. The topographic relief index of each patch is used for representing the topographic relief state inside the patch, wherein the greater the topographic relief index is, the more obvious the topographic relief inside the patch is, and the smaller the topographic relief index is, the less obvious the topographic relief inside the patch is.
In the embodiment of the invention, the topographic relief index of each patch can be determined by the following formula:
wherein GCDI is the topographic relief index of the patch, j is the pixel number of the patch, n1For the number of picture elements in the patch, DEMjFor DEM data of pel j in the blob,
the DEM data mean value of all the image elements in the patch.
And according to the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, and the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image, determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch. The actual forest and grass collocation information refers to the actual classification result of each patch.
The remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of firstly obtaining an optical remote sensing image and a microwave image of a target area and a time series optical remote sensing image of a vegetation growth vigorous period in a preset time period; then determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture; and finally, determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image. By combining the optical remote sensing image, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image, the accurate extraction of the forest and grass collocation information in the target area can be realized, so that the more accurate management of the ecosystem is realized.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information according to an embodiment of the present invention determines actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image, and the time-series optical remote sensing image, and specifically includes:
if the topographic relief index of a first plaque in the plurality of plaques is judged and obtained to be smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque based on the microwave image;
and determining second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the backscattering coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch is determined, the patches are classified according to the topographic relief index of each patch. For any one of the plurality of plaques, if the topographic relief index of any one plaque is less than or equal to a first preset threshold value a1Determining that any plaque belongs to a first plaque class, and if the topographic relief index of any plaque is greater than a first preset threshold value a1Then it is determined that any of the blobs belongs to the second class of blobs. The first preset threshold value can be increased as requiredThe present invention is not particularly limited to this.
And for the first plaque, analyzing and determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque through a wave band and a polarization mode according to the microwave image, wherein different values of the backscattering coefficient can represent different second woodland collocation information in the first plaque. And then determining second woodland collocation information of the first plaque according to the backscattering coefficient. For example, if the backscattering coefficient δ of the plaque of the first type satisfies b1≤δ≤b2Determining that the second woodland collocation information of the first type of patch is the grassland; if the backscattering coefficient delta of the plaque of the first type satisfies b3≤δ≤b4Determining the second forest land collocation information of the first type of patch as the forest land; if the backscattering coefficient delta of the plaque of the first type satisfies b5≤δ≤b6And determining that the second forest land collocation information of the first type of patch is forest and grass mixture. Wherein, b1、b2、b3、b4、b5And b6Are all predetermined constants
And then, comprehensively considering the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque. For example, if the first and second grass matching information are both grasslands, the actual grass matching information is a grassland; the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information are both forest lands, and the actual forest and grass collocation information is the forest lands; otherwise, the actual matching information of the forest and grass is mixed with the forest and grass.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information according to the embodiment of the present invention determines actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch, and specifically includes:
and respectively assigning the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information in the same assignment mode, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the assignment result.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information may be assigned, for example, the grassland may be assigned as 0, the woodland may be assigned as 1, the mixture of the forest and grass may be assigned as 0.5, and then the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type patch may be determined according to the result of the assignment. In the embodiment of the invention, when the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch is determined, the assignment results of the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch can be added, and then the determination is performed according to the addition result.
For example, when the addition result is 0, the actual grass matching information is the grass; when the addition result is 2, the actual forest and grass collocation information is the forest land; and when the addition result is more than 0 and less than 2, the actual forest and grass collocation information is forest and grass mixture.
In the embodiment of the invention, the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch is determined by assigning values to the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information, so that the determination process can be simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information according to an embodiment of the present invention determines actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image, and the time-series optical remote sensing image, and further specifically includes:
if the fact that the topographic relief index of a second plaque in the plurality of plaques is larger than a first preset threshold value is judged and known, calculating a first normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque at each time point and a second normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque in the preset time period based on the optical remote sensing image at each time point in the time series optical remote sensing image;
calculating a normalized vegetation index variation coefficient of the second type of patch within the preset time period based on the first type of normalized vegetation index mean value and the second type of normalized vegetation index mean value;
and determining third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the normalized vegetation index change coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, for a second type of plaque in the plurality of plaques, according to the optical remote sensing image at each time point in the time series optical remote sensing image, a first type normalized vegetation index mean value of the second type of plaque at each time point and a second type normalized vegetation index mean value of the second type of plaque in a preset time period may be calculated. Each time point may be each year included within a preset time period. The first normalized vegetation index mean value can be obtained by calculating the optical remote sensing images at each time point, and the second normalized vegetation index mean value can be obtained by calculating the optical remote sensing images at all the time points in a preset time period.
And then calculating the normalized vegetation index change coefficient of the second patch within a preset time period according to the first normalized vegetation index mean value and the second normalized vegetation index mean value. The normalized vegetation index change coefficient is used for representing the change condition of the normalized vegetation index of the second plaque. In the embodiment of the invention, the normalized vegetation index change coefficient can be determined by the following formula:
wherein σ is normalized vegetation index change coefficient, NDVItThe first NDVI mean of the second plaque class at time t,
the mean value n of the second type NDVI of the second plaque in a preset time period2The number of time points in the preset time period is the number of years included in the preset time period.
The first can be determined by normalizing the vegetation index change coefficientAnd matching information of the third forest and grass of the second type of plaques. For example, if σ ≦ c1When the third grass matching information is the grassland, the assignment result of the third grass matching information can be 0; if c is2≤σ≤c3When the third forest and grass collocation information is the forest land, the assignment result of the third forest and grass collocation information can be 1; if c is4≤σ≤c5Then, the third forest and grass collocation information is the forest land, and the evaluation result of the third forest and grass collocation information can be 0.5. Wherein, c1、c2、c3、c4And c5Are all predetermined constants.
And finally, comprehensively considering the first forest and grass collocation information of the second plaque and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second plaque, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the second plaque. For example, if the first and third grass matching information are both grasslands, the actual grass matching information is a grassland; the first forest and grass collocation information and the third forest and grass collocation information are both forest lands, and the actual forest and grass collocation information is the forest lands; otherwise, the actual matching information of the forest and grass is mixed with the forest and grass.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first forest and grass collocation information and the third forest and grass collocation information may be assigned, for example, the grassland may be assigned as 0, the woodland may be assigned as 1, the mixture of the forest and grass may be assigned as 0.5, and then the actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch may be determined according to the result of the assignment. In the embodiment of the invention, when the actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch is determined, the assignment results of the first forest and grass collocation information and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch can be added, and then the determination is performed according to the addition result. For example, when the addition result is 0, the actual grass matching information is the grass; when the addition result is 2, the actual forest and grass collocation information is the forest land; and when the addition result is more than 0 and less than 2, the actual forest and grass collocation information is forest and grass mixture.
In the embodiment of the invention, the actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch is determined by assigning values to the first forest and grass collocation information and the third forest and grass collocation information, so that the determination process can be simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, which determines a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, specifically includes:
determining a water body area, a farmland area and a non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image;
and on the target area, performing mask processing on the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area to obtain the forest and grass collocation area.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, when determining a forest and grass collocation region in a target region, a water body region, a farmland region, and a non-vegetation region of the target region may be determined according to the reflectivity of each waveband at each pixel in each image element in each remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image. The water body area of the target area can be determined, then the vegetation area and the non-vegetation area are determined, and finally the farmland area is determined from the vegetation area. The non-vegetation area refers to bare soil, buildings, and the like. Then, on the target area, masking treatment can be carried out on the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area, namely the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area on the target area are removed, and the forest and grass collocation area in the target area is obtained. That is, the forest and grass collocation area refers to an area on the target area excluding the water area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area.
In the embodiment of the invention, the forest and grass collocation area in the target area is obtained by the mask processing method, so that the error caused by directly obtaining the forest and grass collocation area can be avoided, and the accuracy of determining the forest and grass collocation area is improved.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention determines a water body area, a farmland area, and a non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectance of each band at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image, and specifically includes:
for any scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing images, if judging that the any scene remote sensing image only contains 4 wave bands, determining the water body area based on the infrared wave band reflectivity, the red light wave band reflectivity and the green light wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the any scene remote sensing image; if not, then,
if the fact that any scene remote sensing image contains more than 4 wave bands is judged and known, the water body area is determined based on short wave infrared band reflectivity and green wave band reflectivity of each pixel in any scene remote sensing image;
and determining a normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image based on the infrared band reflectivity, the red light band reflectivity and the green light band reflectivity at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, as the optical remote sensing image comprises the multi-scene remote sensing image, the data of the remote sensing images comprising different wave band numbers are analyzed in different modes, and then the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area of the target area are determined.
For the remote sensing image only containing 4 wave bands in the optical remote sensing image, determining the water body area in the target area according to the infrared wave band reflectivity, the red light wave band reflectivity and the green light wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the remote sensing image by the following formula:
wherein NDVI is the normalized vegetation index at each pixel, RnirIs the near infrared band reflectivity, R, at each pixelrIs the red band reflectivity, R, at each pixelgIs the green band reflectivity at each pixel element.
If any pixel element meets the condition: NDWI-NDVI is more than or equal to a1Then, thenAnd determining the pixel as a pixel representing the water body, wherein all pixels representing the water body in the target area form the water body area together. Wherein, a1Is a predetermined constant.
For the remote sensing image containing more than 4 wave bands in the optical remote sensing image, determining the water body area in the target area according to the short wave infrared band reflectivity and the green wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the remote sensing image by the following formula:
wherein MNDWI is the improved normalized water body index, R, at each pixelswirIs the short wave infrared band reflectivity at each pixel.
If any pixel element meets the condition: MNDWI ≧ a2And determining the pixel as a pixel representing the water body, wherein all pixels representing the water body in the target area jointly form the water body area. Wherein, a2Is a predetermined constant.
And finally, according to the infrared band reflectivity, the red light band reflectivity and the green light band reflectivity of each pixel in each scene remote sensing image, determining the normalized vegetation index of each pixel in each scene remote sensing image through the following formula:
and determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index of each pixel in each remote sensing image. The first type of pixels of which the normalized vegetation index is smaller than a second preset threshold in each remote sensing image can be determined, and all the first type of pixels form a non-vegetation area in each remote sensing image. Namely, if the normalized vegetation index at any pixel satisfies: NDVI < a3，a3If the pixel is the second preset threshold value, the pixel is determined to be the first type pixel, the non-vegetation pixel is represented, and the non-vegetation pixel can comprise bare soil, buildings and the like. All the first pixels form a non-vegetation area in each remote sensing image.
And then determining second pixels of which the normalized vegetation index is greater than or equal to the second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the second pixels form a farmland and forest grass mixed area in each remote sensing image. Namely, if the normalized vegetation index at any pixel satisfies: NDVI is more than or equal to a3Then the pixel is determined to be a second type of pixel, and the pixel for representing farmland forest and grass mixture is characterized
And finally, determining a crop identification index according to the normalized vegetation index at the second type pixel in each scene remote sensing image and the normalized vegetation index mean value at the second type pixel at the same position in each scene remote sensing image by the following formula:
wherein CRI is crop identification index, NDVI, of the second type of pixels in each remote sensing imageiIs normalized vegetation index n at the second type pixel in the ith scene remote sensing image3The number of scenes contained in the optical remote sensing image;
and the normalized vegetation index average value of the second type pixel at the same position in each scene remote sensing image is obtained.
And determining the farmland area in the farmland, forest and grass mixed area according to the crop identification index CRI. For example, when the crop identification index at any second type pixel in each remote sensing image satisfies: CRI ≧ a4And determining that the second type of picture element is a picture element representing a farmland, wherein all picture elements representing the farmland jointly form a farmland area.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the remote sensing extraction method for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention may spatially merge the actual forest and grass collocation information of all patches in the target area after determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch, so as to obtain spatial distribution information of mixed forest land, grassland and forest and grass in the target area.
As shown in fig. 2, on the basis of the above embodiment, an embodiment of the present invention provides a remote sensing extraction apparatus for matching information of forest and grass, including: an image acquisition module 21, a plaque determination module 22 and an information extraction module 23.
The image acquisition module 21 is used for acquiring an optical remote sensing image and a microwave image of a target area and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period;
the patch determining module 22 is configured to determine a forest and grass collocation region in the target region based on the optical remote sensing image, divide the forest and grass collocation region, and classify vegetation in the forest and grass collocation region to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation region, where first forest and grass collocation information of each patch includes forest land, grassland, and forest and grass mixture;
the information extraction module 23 is configured to determine a topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determine actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image, and the time-series optical remote sensing image.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction device for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the information extraction module is specifically configured to:
if the topographic relief index of a first plaque in the plurality of plaques is judged and obtained to be smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque based on the microwave image;
and determining second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the backscattering coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction device for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the information extraction module is specifically configured to:
and respectively assigning the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information in the same assignment mode, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the assignment result.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction apparatus for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the information extraction module is further specifically configured to:
if the fact that the topographic relief index of a second plaque in the plurality of plaques is larger than a first preset threshold value is judged and known, calculating a first normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque at each time point and a second normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque in the preset time period based on the optical remote sensing image at each time point in the time series optical remote sensing image;
calculating a normalized vegetation index variation coefficient of the second type of patch within the preset time period based on the first type of normalized vegetation index mean value and the second type of normalized vegetation index mean value;
and determining third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the normalized vegetation index change coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction apparatus for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the patch determination module is specifically configured to:
determining a water body area, a farmland area and a non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image;
and on the target area, performing mask processing on the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area to obtain the forest and grass collocation area.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction apparatus for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the patch determination module is specifically configured to:
for any scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing images, if judging that the any scene remote sensing image only contains 4 wave bands, determining the water body area based on the infrared wave band reflectivity, the red light wave band reflectivity and the green light wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the any scene remote sensing image; if not, then,
if the fact that any scene remote sensing image contains more than 4 wave bands is judged and known, the water body area is determined based on short wave infrared band reflectivity and green wave band reflectivity of each pixel in any scene remote sensing image;
and determining a normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image based on the infrared band reflectivity, the red light band reflectivity and the green light band reflectivity at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, in the remote sensing extraction apparatus for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the patch determination module is further specifically configured to:
determining first pixels with normalized vegetation indexes smaller than a second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the first pixels form a non-vegetation area in each remote sensing image;
determining second pixels with the normalized vegetation index being greater than or equal to the second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the second pixels form a farmland forest and grass mixed area in each remote sensing image;
determining a crop identification index based on the normalized vegetation index at the second type pixel in each scene remote sensing image and the normalized vegetation index mean value at the second type pixel at the same position in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area in the farmland, forest and grass mixed area based on the crop identification index.
Specifically, the functions of the modules in the remote sensing extraction device for forest and grass collocation information provided in the embodiment of the present invention correspond to the operation flows of the steps in the embodiments of the methods one to one, and the implementation effects are also consistent.
Fig. 3 illustrates a physical structure diagram of an electronic device, which may include, as shown in fig. 3: a processor (processor)310, a communication Interface (communication Interface)320, a memory (memory)330 and a communication bus 340, wherein the processor 310, the communication Interface 320 and the memory 330 communicate with each other via the communication bus 340. The processor 310 may call the logic instructions in the memory 330 to execute the remote sensing extraction method of the forest and grass collocation information provided by the above embodiments, where the method includes: acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area; determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture; and determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 330 may be implemented in the form of software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when the software functional units are sold or used as independent products. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a computer program product, where the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, where the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is capable of executing the method for remotely sensing and extracting matching information of forest and grass provided by the foregoing embodiments, where the method includes: acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area; determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture; and determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, where the computer program is implemented to perform the method for remotely sensing and extracting matching information of forest and grass provided in the foregoing embodiments when executed by a processor, and the method includes: acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area; determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture; and determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With this understanding in mind, the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an optical remote sensing image, a microwave image and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period of a target area;
determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area, and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture;
determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image;
the determining of the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image specifically comprises:
if the topographic relief index of a first plaque in the plurality of plaques is judged and obtained to be smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque based on the microwave image;
and determining second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the backscattering coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque.
2. The remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch specifically includes:
and respectively assigning the first forest and grass collocation information and the second forest and grass collocation information in the same assignment mode, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of the first type of patch based on the assignment result.
3. The remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image further specifically comprises:
if the fact that the topographic relief index of a second plaque in the plurality of plaques is larger than a first preset threshold value is judged and known, calculating a first normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque at each time point and a second normalized vegetation index mean value of the second plaque in the preset time period based on the optical remote sensing image at each time point in the time series optical remote sensing image;
calculating a normalized vegetation index variation coefficient of the second type of patch within the preset time period based on the first type of normalized vegetation index mean value and the second type of normalized vegetation index mean value;
and determining third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the normalized vegetation index change coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch and the third forest and grass collocation information of the second type of patch.
4. The remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the determining a forest and grass collocation area within the target area based on the optical remote sensing image specifically comprises:
determining a water body area, a farmland area and a non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image;
and on the target area, performing mask processing on the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area to obtain the forest and grass collocation area.
5. The remote sensing extraction method of forest and grass collocation information according to claim 4, wherein the determining of the water body area, the farmland area and the non-vegetation area of the target area based on the reflectivity of each wave band at each pixel position in each scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing image specifically comprises:
for any scene remote sensing image in the optical remote sensing images, if judging that the any scene remote sensing image only contains 4 wave bands, determining the water body area based on the infrared wave band reflectivity, the red light wave band reflectivity and the green light wave band reflectivity of each pixel in the any scene remote sensing image; if not, then,
if the fact that any scene remote sensing image contains more than 4 wave bands is judged and known, the water body area is determined based on short wave infrared band reflectivity and green wave band reflectivity of each pixel in any scene remote sensing image;
and determining a normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image based on the infrared band reflectivity, the red light band reflectivity and the green light band reflectivity at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each scene remote sensing image.
6. The remote sensing extraction method of matching information between forest and grass according to claim 5, wherein the determining the farmland area and the non-vegetation area based on the normalized vegetation index at each pixel in each remote sensing image specifically comprises:
determining first pixels with normalized vegetation indexes smaller than a second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the first pixels form a non-vegetation area in each remote sensing image;
determining second pixels with the normalized vegetation index being greater than or equal to the second preset threshold in each remote sensing image, wherein all the second pixels form a farmland forest and grass mixed area in each remote sensing image;
determining a crop identification index based on the normalized vegetation index at the second type pixel in each scene remote sensing image and the normalized vegetation index mean value at the second type pixel at the same position in each scene remote sensing image, and determining the farmland area in the farmland, forest and grass mixed area based on the crop identification index.
7. The utility model provides a forest and grass collocation information remote sensing extraction element which characterized in that includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring an optical remote sensing image and a microwave image of a target area and a time series optical remote sensing image of a growth vigorous period planted in a preset time period;
the patch determining module is used for determining a forest and grass collocation area in the target area based on the optical remote sensing image, segmenting the forest and grass collocation area and classifying vegetation in the forest and grass collocation area to obtain a plurality of patches in the forest and grass collocation area, wherein first forest and grass collocation information of each patch comprises forest land, grassland and forest and grass mixture;
the information extraction module is used for determining the topographic relief index of each patch based on the digital elevation model data of each pixel in each patch, and determining the actual forest and grass collocation information of each patch based on the first forest and grass collocation information of each patch, the topographic relief index of each patch, the microwave image and the time series optical remote sensing image;
the information extraction module is specifically configured to:
if the topographic relief index of a first plaque in the plurality of plaques is judged and obtained to be smaller than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining the backscattering coefficient of the first plaque based on the microwave image;
and determining second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the backscattering coefficient, and determining actual forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque based on the first forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque and the second forest and grass collocation information of the first plaque.
8. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the remote sensing method for extracting matching information of forest and grass according to any one of claims 1 to 6 when executing the program.
9. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the remote sensing method for extracting matching information of forest and grass according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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