CN113419151A - Portable fault insulator online detection device and detection method - Google Patents
Portable fault insulator online detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113419151A CN113419151A CN202110798962.6A CN202110798962A CN113419151A CN 113419151 A CN113419151 A CN 113419151A CN 202110798962 A CN202110798962 A CN 202110798962A CN 113419151 A CN113419151 A CN 113419151A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1245—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of line insulators or spacers, e.g. ceramic overhead line cap insulators; of insulators in HV bushings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
Abstract
The invention discloses a portable fault insulator online detection device and a detection method, wherein the portable fault insulator online detection device comprises three magnetic antenna array elements with different frequency bands and is used for receiving high-voltage discharge electromagnetic waves of a fault insulator, the three magnetic antenna array elements are connected with a band switch, and the band switch, a small signal amplification module, a logarithmic amplification module, a detection module, an acquisition module, a microprocessor module and a display module are sequentially connected. The detection method of the invention comprises the following steps: a. the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element points to the insulator to be tested; b. sequentially selecting magnetic antenna array elements through a band switch to receive and read a display value; c. the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element points to the insulator to be tested; d. sequentially selecting magnetic antenna array elements through a band switch to receive and read a display value; e. when one of the differences between the two measured values of the corresponding array element is greater than a threshold value, judging that the insulator has a fault; the device is portable, simple and convenient to operate and good in detection effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insulator detection, and particularly relates to a portable fault insulator online detection device and a detection method.
Background
At present, a huge amount of porcelain insulators are used for transmission lines and transformer substations of an electric power system. The porcelain insulator is affected by power frequency voltage, sunlight, rain, dust, salt haze, mechanical stress, thunder and lightning and the like for a long time, so that the phenomenon of deterioration can occur, the deteriorated insulator is lower than external insulation due to internal insulation, and internal insulation breakdown occurs in the process of lightning stroke, power frequency, pollution flashover and the like, so that the insulator is caused to be disconnected, and the safe operation of a power grid is seriously threatened.
In the current work, the insulator field detection is mainly carried out by adopting a spark gap method, an ultrasonic method, an infrared temperature measurement method and an infrared imaging method and depending on a manual detection mode. There are mainly the following problems: the spark gap method is safe, labor-intensive, and requires listening to sound to watch sparks; the ultrasonic method, the infrared temperature measurement method and the infrared imaging method are easily interfered by environmental weather, the misjudgment rate is high, and the detection efficiency is low; due to the defects, the coverage detection of the insulator in operation is difficult to complete by operation detection personnel in a detection period, the state of the insulator in operation is unknown, the operation detection work is usually arranged by experience, the pertinence and the pre-control performance are poor, and the passive treatment is often performed after an accident occurs.
Although the power failure detection is accurate, the power failure detection has a large influence on a power grid, so that an effective insulator low-zero-value live detection device needs to be developed to realize effective uninterrupted power detection of low-zero values of power transmission lines and transformer substation porcelain insulators.
The low (zero) value insulator in live high voltage operation must produce the electromagnetic wave of discharging and is its essential physics phenomenon of trouble, and the electromagnetic wave signal can propagate in space, and the frequency distributes in 1MHz-10MHz, and its frequency component is mainly concentrated between 3 MHz-5 MHz. The current detection method is based on detecting the electromagnetic pulse signal generated by the high voltage discharge. The existing way for acquiring the electromagnetic pulse signals generated by high-voltage discharge is to detect on the grounding wire of the insulator bearing iron tower, couple the specific electromagnetic pulse signals through a magnetic induction ring, and cut off the rest of the electromagnetic pulse signals when the iron tower has a plurality of grounding wires, so that the operation is very inconvenient. In addition, the ground wire can couple various external interferences and noises, and the detection result is inaccurate.
The magnetic antenna or the electric antenna can also receive discharge electromagnetic waves generated by the low (zero) value insulator, and the grounding wire does not need to be cut, so that the operation is simple and convenient. But various external interferences and noises are received, and since the discharge electromagnetic wave is broadband, both the magnetic and electric antennas must be broadband. The direction of the discharge electromagnetic wave of the fault insulator can be positioned by utilizing the direction finding principle of the magnetic antenna, but the discharge electromagnetic wave is a broadband signal, so that the magnetic antenna with the broadband of 1MHz-10MHz needs to be designed, and the conventional magnetic antenna with the broadband has larger volume and is inconvenient to carry. High-speed data acquisition is needed for received broadband signals, and theoretically, the sampling rate of 20MHz is the lowest for 10MHz signals; in addition, to meet the requirement of the differential range of the received signals, the sampling requires high resolution; one power frequency period is also sampled, and the data volume is huge. When performing spectral analysis processing, the cooperation of a high-speed DSP processor is also required. These all hinder the miniaturization and portability of the detection apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the portable fault insulator on-line detection device and the detection method are provided, under the condition of no power failure, signals are received by adopting a miniaturized magnetic antenna array element which is received in a segmented mode, the dynamic range of the received signals is effectively expanded by adopting logarithmic amplification, the power level in a frequency band is obtained by detection instead of a complex high-speed data acquisition and spectrum analysis processing method, the circuit design and the signal processing flow are simplified, the accurate, safe, efficient, timely and convenient detection of the state of an insulator is realized, and a string where a fault insulator is located is positioned, so that the device is portable. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for insulator fault detection of the on-line detection apparatus.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a portable trouble insulator on-line measuring device, contain the first magnetic antenna array element of three different frequency channels, second magnetic antenna array element and third magnetic antenna array element, be used for receiving trouble insulator high-pressure discharge electromagnetic wave, band switch is connected to three magnetic antenna array element, band switch's output connection small signal amplification module, the small signal amplification module connects the logarithm amplification module, the detection module is connected to the logarithm amplification module, detection module connection data acquisition module, the microprocessor module is connected to the data acquisition module, the display module is connected simultaneously to the microprocessor module, power module provides power supply for other each module.
The bandwidths of the signals received by the three magnetic antenna array elements with different frequency ranges are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively, and the widths are 5 cm.
The pure magnetic performance of each magnetic antenna array element in the signal receiving bandwidth is more than 30 dB.
And the ferrite rod material with the magnetic permeability of 100 is filled in the antenna body of the magnetic antenna array element.
The data acquisition module samples an SPI ultra-low power consumption AD conversion chip, and the resolution ratio is 24 bits.
The small signal amplification module adopts a 2n5532 low-noise transistor amplification circuit.
The bandwidths of the signals received by the first magnetic antenna array element, the second magnetic antenna array element and the third magnetic antenna array element are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively. Signals received from a magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element are input through a band switch selection small signal amplification module; the output of the small signal amplification module is used as the input of the logarithmic amplification module, and the logarithmic amplification module performs logarithmic amplification on the small signal, so that the small signal with a large dynamic range can be processed. The power level of the small signal is obtained after the logarithmic amplification signal is processed by the detection module, and the power level has the characteristic of logarithmic representation, so that the power level of the received signal can be judged by addition and subtraction processing. The detection module obtains an analog level signal and sends the analog level signal to the data acquisition module for sampling processing, and because the detection processing obtains a baseband signal of the signal, the frequency is low, the required sampling rate is very low, and the sampling rate of a few K is enough, thereby providing conditions for low power consumption and device portability. The microprocessor in the microprocessor module takes ultra-low power consumption as a model selection standard, and has no essential requirement on the operational capability of the processor because a large amount of operations such as FFT (fast Fourier transform) are not required. The display module mainly uses an LED miniaturized display screen, and low power consumption is mainly considered.
According to a large amount of experimental data analysis, the frequency range of the fault insulator discharge electromagnetic wave is 1-10MHz, the main energy is concentrated between 3MHz and 5MHz, so three magnetic antenna array elements for respectively receiving signals of different frequency bands are adopted, the bandwidths of the three magnetic antenna array elements are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively, and the three magnetic antenna array elements form the receiving of the fault insulator discharge electromagnetic wave with the total bandwidth of 1-10 MHz. The detection method adopted by the detection device requires that the magnetic antenna array element has strong directional directivity, so that the pure magnetic performance of the magnetic antenna array element is required to be high, and the pure magnetic performance of the magnetic antenna array element in a signal receiving bandwidth is more than 30 dB. The ferrite material with the magnetic permeability of 100 is filled in the antenna body of the magnetic antenna array element, so that the volume of the antenna is further reduced.
In order to meet the detection sensitivity required by the detection method, the signal sampling resolution must be improved, the data acquisition module has the sampling resolution of 24 bits, and a sampling chip of an SPI interface with ultra-low power consumption is selected.
The microprocessor module and the display module both adopt ultra-low power consumption chips.
The detection method of the portable fault insulator online detection device comprises the following steps:
step 1, enabling a direction zero point of a magnetic antenna array element to point to a tested insulator;
step 2, sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a waveband switch, respectively receiving and reading respective display values, and setting the display values as L1, L2 and L3;
step 3, enabling the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element to point to the insulator to be detected;
step 4, sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a band switch, respectively receiving and reading respective display values, and setting the display values as H1, H2 and H3;
and 5, calculating a 1-H1-L1, a 2-H2-L2, and a 3-H3-L3, and judging that the insulator has a fault when one of a1, a2 and a3 is larger than a threshold value V.
In step 5, the threshold V is taken according to the maximum value among the values a1, a2 and a3 obtained by detecting the non-fault insulator for more than one time.
The method for pointing the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: setting the orientation of the insulator string to be tested as a vector
The direction of an arrow marked by the magnetic antenna array element along the length is the zero point direction and is used as a vector
Show, adjust
Make it
And
coplanar and vertical; the zero point of the magnetic antenna array element is aligned with the insulator string to be tested.
The method for pointing the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: the method for enabling the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element to point to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: setting the orientation of the insulator string to be tested as a vector
The direction of an arrow marked along the length of the magnetic antenna array element is the direction of a zero point,using vectors
Show, adjust
Make it
And
the different surfaces are vertical and make
And
the length L of the common vertical line is the largest at the detection position, and the strongest point of the array element of the magnetic antenna is aligned to the insulator string to be detected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can realize the on-line detection of the power line fault insulator without cutting off the power supply; the detection of the discharge electromagnetic wave adopts a wireless receiving mode, the grounding wire of the iron tower does not need to be cut, and the detection is convenient; the device has small volume, is easy to carry and use outdoors; the difficulties of large data volume, high sampling rate and high processing speed requirements of the existing discharge electromagnetic wave signal processing method are effectively solved through a mixed signal processing mode, so that the device has an engineering application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a portable fault insulator on-line detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic antenna array element zero point direction aligning to the insulator string to be tested;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the strongest point of the array element direction of the magnetic antenna aligning to the insulator string to be tested.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a portable fault insulator online detection device, which comprises a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element with three different frequency bands, and is used for receiving high-voltage discharge electromagnetic waves of a fault insulator, wherein the three magnetic antenna array elements are connected with a band switch, the output of the band switch is connected with a small signal amplification module, the small signal amplification module is connected with a logarithm amplification module, the logarithm amplification module is connected with a detection module, the detection module is connected with a data acquisition module, the data acquisition module is connected with a microprocessor module, the microprocessor module is simultaneously connected with a display module, and a power supply module provides power supply for other modules.
The bandwidths of signals received by the first magnetic antenna array element, the second magnetic antenna array element and the third magnetic antenna array element are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively, the lengths of the first magnetic antenna array element, the second magnetic antenna array element and the third magnetic antenna array element are 15cm, and the widths of the first magnetic antenna array element, the second magnetic antenna array element and the third magnetic antenna array element are 5 cm. According to a large amount of experimental data analysis, the frequency range of the fault insulator discharge electromagnetic wave is 1-10MHz, the main energy is concentrated between 3MHz and 5MHz, so three magnetic antenna array elements for respectively receiving signals of different frequency bands are adopted, the bandwidths of the three magnetic antenna array elements are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively, and the three magnetic antenna array elements form the receiving of the fault insulator discharge electromagnetic wave with the total bandwidth of 1-10 MHz. The detection method adopted by the detection device requires that the magnetic antenna array element has strong directional directivity, so that the pure magnetic performance of the magnetic antenna array element is required to be high, and the pure magnetic performance of the magnetic antenna array element in a signal receiving bandwidth is more than 30 dB. The ferrite material with the magnetic permeability of 100 is filled in the antenna body of the magnetic antenna array element, so that the volume of the antenna is further reduced.
The band switch is a three-way dual-input and dual-output band switch. And signals received by the first magnetic antenna array element, the second magnetic antenna array element and the third magnetic antenna array element are selected by the input of the small signal amplification module through the waveband switch. The small signal amplification module is a differential amplification circuit formed by double 2n5532 triodes and is used as a core. The output of the small signal amplification module is used as the input of the logarithmic amplification module, the logarithmic amplification module performs logarithmic amplification on the small signal, and an analog chip of an AD company is adopted, so that the small signal with a large dynamic range can be processed. The power level of the small signal is obtained after the logarithmic amplification signal is processed by the detection module, and the power level has the characteristic of logarithmic expression, so that the power level of the received signal can be judged by addition and subtraction processing. The detection module obtains an analog level signal and sends the analog level signal to the data acquisition module for sampling processing, low-rate sampling is adopted due to the fact that the frequency of a signal output by detection is very low, in order to meet the detection sensitivity required by the detection method, the sampling resolution of the data acquisition module is 24 bits, and a sampling chip of an SPI (serial peripheral interface) with ultra-low power consumption is selected.
The microprocessor in the microprocessor module takes ultra-low power consumption as a model selection standard, and because a large amount of operations such as FFT are not needed, the operation capability of the processor is not essentially required, and an 80f020 series single chip microcomputer can be selected. The display module mainly uses an LCD miniaturized display screen, low power consumption is mainly considered, and a 2X16 character liquid crystal lattice display screen can be selected.
The invention relates to a detection method of a portable fault insulator online detection device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element points to the insulator to be tested;
(2) sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a band switch, and respectively receiving and reading the respective display values of L1, L2 and L3;
(3) the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element points to the insulator to be tested;
(4) sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a band switch, and respectively receiving and reading respective display values of H1, H2 and H3;
(5) and calculating a 1-H1-L1, a 2-H2-L2 and a 3-H3-L3, and judging that the insulator has a fault when one of a1, a2 and a3 is larger than a threshold value V.
In the step (5), the threshold V is taken according to the maximum value among the values a1, a2 and a3 obtained by multiple times of non-fault insulator detection.
FIG. 3 shows magnetism in step 1The antenna element geometrical configuration is schematic. In FIG. 3, the insulator string under test is directed as a vector
The direction of an arrow marked by the magnetic antenna array element along the length is the zero point direction and is used as a vector
Show, adjust
Make it
And
coplanar and vertical; the zero point of the magnetic antenna array element is aligned with the insulator string to be tested.
In the same principle, fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the geometric configuration of the magnetic antenna array element in step 3. In FIG. 4, the insulator string under test is pointed as a vector
The direction of the arrow marked along the length of the magnetic antenna array element is the zero point direction of the magnetic antenna array element and uses vector
Show, adjust
Make it
And
the different surfaces are vertical and make
And
the length L of the common vertical line is the largest at the detection position, and the strongest point of the array element of the magnetic antenna is aligned to the insulator string to be detected.
It should be noted that: the portable fault insulator online detection device can only comprise one or more magnetic antenna array elements, for example, a core frequency band in which one array element receives concentrated discharge electromagnetic waves is designed, or a plurality of array elements which are more extensive receive discharge electromagnetic waves in a plurality of frequency bands are all variants of the invention. The combination and improvement of partial modules in the device structure, such as the combination of a logarithmic amplification module and a detection module, or the improvement of a display module, or the change of a band switch into electronic control, are all variants of the invention, and the right protection should be received. In the detection method, some changes are made to the setting mode of the threshold, for example, the minimum value of a1, a2 and a3 values measured in multiple tests of the fault insulator is taken as a value; or the value is obtained by comprehensively evaluating the measured values of a plurality of tests with faults and without faults, which are all variants of the detection method of the invention and are protected by rights.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a portable trouble insulator on-line measuring device which characterized in that: contain the first magnetic antenna array element of three different frequency channels, second magnetic antenna array element and third magnetic antenna array element, be used for receiving trouble insulator high-voltage discharge electromagnetic wave, band switch is connected to three magnetic antenna array element, band switch's output connection small-signal amplification module, the log amplification module is connected to the small-signal amplification module, the detection module is connected to the log amplification module, detection module connection data acquisition module, microprocessor module is connected to data acquisition module, microprocessor module connects display module simultaneously, power module provides the power supply for other each module.
2. The portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bandwidths of the signals received by the three magnetic antenna array elements with different frequency ranges are 1-3MHz, 3-6MHz and 6-10MHz respectively, and the widths are 5 cm.
3. The portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pure magnetic performance of each magnetic antenna array element in the signal receiving bandwidth is more than 30 dB.
4. The portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the ferrite rod material with the magnetic permeability of 100 is filled in the antenna body of the magnetic antenna array element.
5. The portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the data acquisition module samples an SPI ultra-low power consumption AD conversion chip, and the resolution ratio is 24 bits.
6. The portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the small signal amplification module adopts a 2n5532 low-noise transistor amplification circuit.
7. The detection method of the portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: it includes:
step 1, enabling a direction zero point of a magnetic antenna array element to point to a tested insulator;
step 2, sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a waveband switch, respectively receiving and reading respective display values, and setting the display values as L1, L2 and L3;
step 3, enabling the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element to point to the insulator to be detected;
step 4, sequentially selecting a first magnetic antenna array element, a second magnetic antenna array element and a third magnetic antenna array element through a band switch, respectively receiving and reading respective display values, and setting the display values as H1, H2 and H3;
and 5, calculating a 1-H1-L1, a 2-H2-L2, and a 3-H3-L3, and judging that the insulator has a fault when one of a1, a2 and a3 is larger than a threshold value V.
8. The detection method of the portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: in step 5, the threshold V is taken according to the maximum value among the values a1, a2 and a3 obtained by detecting the non-fault insulator for more than one time.
9. The detection method of the portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the method for pointing the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: setting the orientation of the insulator string to be tested as a vector
The direction of an arrow marked by the magnetic antenna array element along the length is the zero point direction and is used as a vector
Show, adjust
Make it
And
coplanar and vertical; the zero point of the magnetic antenna array element is aligned with the insulator string to be tested.
10. The detection method of the portable fault insulator online detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: the method for pointing the direction zero point of the magnetic antenna array element to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: the method for enabling the strongest point of the magnetic antenna array element to point to the tested insulator comprises the following steps: setting the orientation of the insulator string to be tested as a vector
Arrow with magnetic antenna array elements marked along lengthThe head direction being the zero-point direction, using the vector
Show, adjust
Make it
And
the different surfaces are vertical and make
And
the length L of the common vertical line is the largest at the detection position, and the strongest point of the array element of the magnetic antenna is aligned to the insulator string to be detected.
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