CN113419116A - Passive performance test system and test method suitable for whole vehicle-level antenna - Google Patents
Passive performance test system and test method suitable for whole vehicle-level antenna Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
- G01R29/105—Radiation diagrams of antennas using anechoic chambers; Chambers or open field sites used therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/28—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response
- G01R27/30—Measuring attenuation, gain, phase shift or derived characteristics of electric four pole networks, i.e. two-port networks; Measuring transient response with provision for recording characteristics, e.g. by plotting Nyquist diagram
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0871—Complete apparatus or systems; circuits, e.g. receivers or amplifiers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
Abstract
The invention discloses a passive performance test system and a test method suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna, which comprise a full electric wave darkroom, a network analyzer, a test turntable, a vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and a receiving antenna test device, wherein the test turntable, the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna test device are all arranged in the full electric wave darkroom, a vehicle to be tested is arranged on the test turntable, and the vehicle is helped to align to the center of the test turntable; the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna testing device are respectively connected with the network analyzer through cables. According to the invention, the characteristics of large volume, heavy weight, shielding effect of a vehicle body metal structure on antenna performance and the like of the vehicle are fully considered, a spherical near-field test method is selected for building and testing a vehicle-mounted antenna performance test system, and the performance of information interaction between the intelligent networked vehicle and the outside can be effectively evaluated within 360-degree three-dimensional range of an upper hemisphere by taking the vehicle as the center in a full-electric wave darkroom environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a performance test method for a vehicle-level intelligent network connection type vehicle-mounted antenna, in particular to a passive performance test system and method suitable for a vehicle-level antenna.
Background
With the continuous progress of the intelligent networking automobile technology, the information interaction between the automobile and the outside is more frequent, and as a necessary interface for wireless information interaction, the performance requirement of the antenna directly influences the safety and reliability of the intelligent networking function. With the loading application of the vehicle-mounted communication device of the intelligent networking system, more and more antenna equipment and communication devices are installed on the intelligent networking vehicle, and because the working purposes and the working frequencies of the antennas of the systems are different, the installation positions of the antennas are distributed all over the vehicle body, so that the accurate measurement of the performance of the vehicle-mounted antenna system becomes very important for ensuring the wireless information interaction capability of the vehicle.
With the deep development of the intelligent networked automobile, the wireless communication of the automobile is taken as the basic element of vehicle intellectualization, networking and automatic driving, the realization of the related functions of the intelligent networked automobile is influenced to a great extent by the wireless communication performance, and the cellular data communication technology is the key information interaction technology in the intelligent networked automobile. Therefore, it is particularly important to perform passive performance testing on the vehicle-mounted cellular data communication antenna.
At present, the automobile industry is basically in a blank state aiming at the performance test of a whole automobile-level automobile antenna, however, the rapid development of the intelligent networking automobile requires that the communication between the automobile and the outside is reliable and stable, the antenna is used as a medium in the communication process, and the performance of the antenna determines the functional application of the intelligent networking automobile. Mature antenna testing methods are concentrated on the mobile communication industry, but the characteristics of large volume and heavy weight of an automobile lead the performance testing method of the automobile antenna to be different from that of a mobile communication terminal. Therefore, a passive performance testing method suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a passive performance test system and method suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna, which are used as important parts for information interaction between a vehicle and the outside in an intelligent networked automobile and refer to an antenna test method in the mobile communication industry, and provide test reference for a whole vehicle enterprise and a detection mechanism. The method disclosed by the invention fully considers the characteristics of large volume, heavy weight, shielding effect of a vehicle body metal structure on antenna performance and the like of the vehicle, selects a spherical near-field test method to build and test a vehicle-mounted antenna performance test system, is suitable for an antenna passive performance test method of a whole vehicle-level large-size tested sample, and can effectively evaluate the performance of information interaction between the intelligent network-connected vehicle and the outside within 360-degree three-dimensional range by taking the vehicle as the center under the environment of a full-electric wave darkroom.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
as one aspect of the invention, a passive performance testing system suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna is provided, which comprises a full-electric wave darkroom, a network analyzer, a testing turntable, a vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and a receiving antenna testing device, wherein the testing turntable, the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna testing device are all arranged in the full-electric wave darkroom, a vehicle to be tested is placed on the testing turntable, and the vehicle is helped to align to the center of the testing turntable; the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna testing device are respectively connected with the network analyzer through cables.
Further, vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device includes vehicle-mounted antenna, puts in advance, on-board unit OBU with put in advance through the cable connection, put in advance and pass through the cable connection with vehicle-mounted antenna.
Furthermore, the receiving antenna testing device comprises a testing antenna and an antenna bracket, wherein the testing antenna is mounted on the antenna bracket and can be driven to rotate in the vertical direction through the antenna bracket.
Furthermore, the height of the test antenna and the height of the vehicle-mounted antenna are adjusted to be the same, the center of the test antenna is aligned with the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna is 1.5 m.
Further, the test antenna is a cross-polarized antenna.
Furthermore, the network analyzer is electrically connected with the test antenna and the on-board unit OBU respectively.
As another aspect of the present invention, a testing method of a passive performance testing system suitable for a vehicle-class antenna is provided, which includes the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the heights of a test antenna and a vehicle-mounted antenna to be consistent, aligning the center of the test antenna to the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and adjusting the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna to be 1.5 m;
step two, the vehicle to be tested is in a power-off state, and the test antenna is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted terminal;
step three, carrying out the test of the vehicle-mounted antenna under the environment of the whole vehicle, comprising the following steps:
3.1) spherical near field test:
a) the position of the rotary table is set as
Measuring the position of the antenna as 0 degree;
b) testing according to different testing frequencies, and recording horizontal and vertical polarization receiving levels and phases;
c) testing each testing frequency point at a maximum interval of 1 degree within an azimuth angle range of 0-360 degrees, and recording the angle position, and the amplitude and phase of horizontal and vertical polarization;
d) moving at a pitch angle range of 0-90 degrees at an interval of 1 degree at the maximum, and testing at each pitch position according to the step c);
3.2) carrying out near-far field transformation on the test result to obtain a far-field test result;
and 3.3) calculating to obtain the far field gain G (dBi) of the vehicle-mounted antenna system of the vehicle to be detected according to the field calibration data of the standard antenna, and drawing a corresponding directional diagram.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spherical coordinate system in a spherical near-field test;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conic section positioning principle;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test point in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a passive performance testing system for a vehicle-class antenna according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following figures and embodiments:
firstly, a method for testing a minimum far-field distance and a spherical near-field used in a finished automobile antenna test is introduced:
minimum far field distance testing technique
When the automobile antenna test is carried out, the minimum far-field measurement distance needs to be considered, so that whether the test data is a far-field result or a near-field result is judged. The far field minimum test distance R is defined as the distance from the center of rotation of the object under test to the center of the phase of the measuring antenna. The minimum far-field test distance R for each frequency band is:
wherein D is the maximum size of the object to be measured; λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency in free space. Since the transmission speed of the electromagnetic wave is the same as the speed of light, the frequency and wavelength relationship of the electromagnetic wave is as follows:
λ＝c/f (2)
wherein f is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave; c is the propagation velocity of light, and has a value of 3X 108m/s。
By substituting formula (2) for formula (1), the relationship between the minimum far-field measurement distance and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave can be obtained as follows:
considering that the length of the body of a conventional automobile is generally close to 5m, if the whole automobile is regarded as a measured object, the far-field minimum test distance obtained according to equation (3) is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 minimum far-field test distance
As can be seen from table 1, when the antenna is a radio antenna, i.e. the frequency is around 100MHz, the far field measurement distance is about 17 meters. However, when the antenna frequency is at 6GHz, the far field distance is up to 1000 m. This means that if the far-field test method is still used, it is difficult to select a test site that meets the test requirements, and moreover, the test signal is substantially attenuated and disappears at a longer distance, and no practical result can be detected. The minimum measurement distance between the measurement antenna and the automobile is about 1.5m in consideration of the vehicle volume and the rationality of the test method.
Second, sphere near-field testing technology
The electromagnetic wave is energy propagated outwards in the form of spherical wave, when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted to infinity, the electromagnetic energy received by one point is single, and the electromagnetic wave can be equivalently regarded as uniform plane wave, so that a specific electromagnetic wave can be naturally decomposed into a plurality of plane electromagnetic waves transmitted outwards from the source in the radial direction. On the basis, only the theoretical expression of each plane electromagnetic wave is calculated, and the spherical wave expression of the electromagnetic wave can be obtained through accumulation by adopting a mathematical method. The method for solving the planar wave expansion of each mode of the spherical wave is called a spherical wave mode expansion theory.
The Spherical Wave Expansion (SWE) of the electric field radiated by the antenna into free space can be defined as a weighted sum of spherical vector wave functions:
in the formula, QsmnFor complex expansion coefficients, k is the wavenumber, k is 2 pi/λ, λ is the wavelength, η is the free space admittance, (r, θ, φ) is the spherical coordinate angle.
The triple-weighted sum in equation (4) is understood to be:
the following formula is used for determining the maximum modulus value N of the spherical wave mode expansion coefficient:
N＝[krt]+10 (6)
in the formula, rtIs the effective spherical radius that represents the complete coverage of the target antenna.
In the test sampling, the value range in the theta direction is generally 0-theta < pi due to the self-symmetry. Therefore, in the theta direction, the sampling interval delta theta is pi/N, a zero point is calculated, and the number of sampling points is N + 1; in the phi direction, the value range is generally as follows for accurate measurement
And in the phi direction, the sampling interval delta phi is pi/N, and the number of the last sampling points added with the zero point is 2N + 1.
Spherical vector wave function
Can be defined as:
in the formula, we assume and compress the time dependency e-iωtIn aIn the formulae (7) and (8),
the first spherical Hankel function, corresponding to outward propagation,
is a normalized correlation Legendre function, in this representation any single radiating spherical wave with unit amplitude will radiate 0.5 watts of power. Thus, the above expansion is referred to as power normalized spherical wave expansion, in which the wave function
Is dimensionless and extends the coefficient QsmnIs changed into [ watt ]]1/2. Then, the total power radiated from the test antenna becomes:
the feasibility of using the spherical near-field technology in the automobile antenna test can be obtained through the analysis, and in addition, the sampling precision is specified in the theory so as to ensure that the far-field result can be accurately calculated through near-field and far-field conversion.
Due to the characteristics of large volume and heavy weight of the automobile and the limitation of the size of a darkroom, the antenna test of the whole automobile adopts a near-field measurement technology. In addition, the spherical near-field test technology is a simpler scheme in terms of test implementation difficulty and support of the antenna to be tested.
In practical engineering, the whole spherical near-field test system is divided into the following subsystems: the system comprises a mechanical system, a radio frequency system, a data acquisition and control system and a data processing system. The testing system completes the sampling and data transformation processing of the near field data through the division and cooperation of different subsystems.
A spherical near-field test coordinate system and polarization relation are shown in FIG. 1, and the coordinate system is expressed by using a spherical coordinate system, namely, a spherical coordinate system
To represent the test angles, the test antenna at each angle can be divided into two cross-polarizations: theta polarization and phi polarization.
The three-dimensional scanning mode selects a cone cutting method. Wherein, the device to be tested is placed on the turntable and rotates 360 degrees along the horizontal direction. The antenna bracket drives the test antenna to rotate in the vertical direction, and the antenna performance at multiple positions is measured from top to bottom, as shown in fig. 2.
Considering the use condition of the automobile, in the range of theta of 0-90 degrees, namely the part above the ground of the turntable, the test is necessary, namely the upper hemisphere test is met at minimum. Furthermore, the origin (sphere center) of the test system must be above the turntable, and the distribution of specific sampling points is shown in fig. 3.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 4, the passive performance testing system for the whole vehicle-level antenna of the present invention includes a full-wave darkroom, a network analyzer, a testing turntable, a vehicle-mounted antenna signal collecting device, and a receiving antenna testing device, wherein the testing turntable, the vehicle-mounted antenna signal collecting device, and the receiving antenna testing device are all disposed in the full-wave darkroom, and a vehicle to be tested is placed on the testing turntable and the vehicle is helped to align with the center of the testing turntable; the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna testing device are respectively connected with the network analyzer through cables.
Further, vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device includes vehicle-mounted antenna, puts in advance, on-board unit OBU with put in advance through the cable connection, put in advance and pass through the cable connection with vehicle-mounted antenna.
Furthermore, the receiving antenna testing device comprises a testing antenna and an antenna bracket, wherein the testing antenna is mounted on the antenna bracket and can be driven to rotate in the vertical direction through the antenna bracket.
Furthermore, the height of the test antenna and the height of the vehicle-mounted antenna are adjusted to be the same, the center of the test antenna is aligned with the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna is 1.5 m.
Further, the test antenna is a cross-polarized antenna.
Furthermore, the network analyzer is electrically connected with the test antenna and the on-board unit OBU respectively.
The rotary table is used for realizing rotation in the horizontal direction, the precision of the rotary table needs to reach 0.1 degree, and rotation in the vertical direction is realized by driving the test antenna through the cone cutting positioning system. The transmission and the reception of the antenna performance test signals are completed by the network analyzer, the transmission and the reception are reciprocal because the passive performance of the antenna is tested, and the vehicle-mounted antenna transmits and the antenna receives the test signals in the test.
Example 2
A test method of a passive performance test system suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna comprises the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the heights of a test antenna and a vehicle-mounted antenna to be consistent, aligning the center of the test antenna to the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and adjusting the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna to be 1.5 m;
step two, the vehicle to be tested is in a power-off state, and the test antenna is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted terminal;
step three, carrying out the test of the vehicle-mounted antenna under the environment of the whole vehicle, comprising the following steps:
3.1) spherical near field test:
a) the position of the rotary table is set as
Measuring the position of the antenna as 0 degree;
b) testing according to different testing frequencies, and recording horizontal and vertical polarization receiving levels and phases;
c) testing each testing frequency point at a maximum interval of 1 degree within an azimuth angle range of 0-360 degrees, and recording the angle position, and the amplitude and phase of horizontal and vertical polarization;
d) moving at a pitch angle range of 0-90 degrees at an interval of 1 degree at the maximum, and testing at each pitch position according to the step c);
3.2) carrying out near-far field transformation on the test result to obtain a far-field test result;
and 3.3) calculating to obtain the far field gain G (dBi) of the vehicle-mounted antenna system of the vehicle to be detected according to the field calibration data of the standard antenna, and drawing a corresponding directional diagram.
Claims (7)
1. A passive performance test system suitable for a whole vehicle-level antenna is characterized by comprising a full anechoic chamber, a network analyzer, a test rotary table, a vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and a receiving antenna test device, wherein the test rotary table, the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna test device are all arranged in the full anechoic chamber, a vehicle to be tested is placed on the test rotary table, and the vehicle is helped to align to the center of the test rotary table; the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device and the receiving antenna testing device are respectively connected with the network analyzer through cables.
2. The passive performance testing system applicable to the whole vehicle-level antenna according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted antenna signal acquisition device comprises a vehicle-mounted antenna, a preamplifier and a vehicle-mounted unit OBU, the vehicle-mounted unit OBU is connected with the preamplifier through a cable, and the preamplifier is connected with the vehicle-mounted antenna through a cable.
3. The passive performance testing system for the vehicle-level antenna according to claim 2, wherein the receiving antenna testing device comprises a testing antenna and an antenna bracket, the testing antenna is mounted on the antenna bracket, and the testing antenna can be driven by the antenna bracket to rotate in a vertical direction.
4. The passive performance testing system for the vehicle-level antenna according to claim 3, wherein the height of the test antenna is adjusted to be the same as that of the vehicle-mounted antenna, the center of the test antenna is aligned with the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna is 1.5 m.
5. The passive performance testing system for vehicle-class antennas of claim 4, wherein the test antenna is a cross-polarized antenna.
6. The passive performance testing system for the vehicle-level antenna according to claim 3, wherein the network analyzer is electrically connected to the test antenna and the OBU, respectively.
7. The method for testing the passive performance testing system suitable for the whole vehicle-level antenna, according to claim 3, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, adjusting the heights of a test antenna and a vehicle-mounted antenna to be consistent, aligning the center of the test antenna to the center of the vehicle-mounted antenna, and adjusting the distance between the test antenna and the vehicle-mounted antenna to be 1.5 m;
step two, the vehicle to be tested is in a power-off state, and the test antenna is disconnected with the vehicle-mounted terminal;
step three, carrying out the test of the vehicle-mounted antenna under the environment of the whole vehicle, comprising the following steps:
3.1) spherical near field test:
a) the position of the rotary table is set as
Measuring the position of the antenna as 0 degree;
b) testing according to different testing frequencies, and recording horizontal and vertical polarization receiving levels and phases;
c) testing each testing frequency point at a maximum interval of 1 degree within an azimuth angle range of 0-360 degrees, and recording the angle position, and the amplitude and phase of horizontal and vertical polarization;
d) moving at a pitch angle range of 0-90 degrees at an interval of 1 degree at the maximum, and testing at each pitch position according to the step c);
3.2) carrying out near-far field transformation on the test result to obtain a far-field test result;
and 3.3) calculating to obtain the far field gain G of the vehicle-mounted antenna system of the vehicle to be detected according to the field calibration data of the standard antenna, and drawing a corresponding directional diagram.
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| CN114285497A (en) * | 2021-12-18 | 2022-04-05 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted radio performance test method and system |
| CN114839457A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-08-02 | 深圳星航物连科学技术有限公司 | Intelligent automobile whole vehicle antenna test method and system |
| CN117082562A (en) * | 2023-10-17 | 2023-11-17 | 中汽研软件测评(天津)有限公司 | Device and method for testing communication distance of automobile network |
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