CN113418903A - Method for identifying growth years of ginseng - Google Patents
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- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 206010033557 Palpitations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000004371 Panax ginseng Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002789 Panax ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/65—Raman scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for identifying the growth period of ginseng, which comprises the following steps: establishing a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng; substituting the calcium oxalate crystal value of the ginseng to be detected into the mathematical model to obtain the growth age of the ginseng to be detected. The scheme of the invention can simply, quickly and accurately identify the growth years of different varieties of ginseng, and has important significance for ginseng market circulation, quality evaluation, commodity classification and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine identification, and particularly relates to a method for identifying the growth years of ginseng.
Background
Ginseng is the dry root of Panax ginseng (PanaxginsengC.A.Mey) which is a perennial herb of Araliaceae, and has large main root, fleshy, cylindrical shape, long fibrous root and stem mark on the root. Ginseng is well known for its medicinal properties and has been known as a traditional herbal medicine in east Asia countries for thousands of years. The earliest Chinese herbal literature 'Shennong Ben Cao Jing' records the Chinese as the superior product and has the effects of tonifying five internal organs, calming spirit, calming mind, stopping palpitation, eliminating pathogenic factors, improving eyesight, developing intelligence, losing weight and prolonging life after long-term use. The medical scientist Li Shizhen has detailed medicinal value of Ginseng radix in Ben Cao gang mu through investigation and practice and on the basis of the prior study. Today, pharmacological and clinical medicine practices increasingly confirm their pharmacological activity. A single-component chemical anticancer medicine prepared from Ginseng radix as raw material comprises SHENYI Capsule, and Chinese medicinal materials containing Ginseng radix include WUJIBAIFENG pill, SHENRONGHUGU medicated liquor, SHENLINGGAtractylodes rhizome powder, etc.
Due to a great amount of clinical and pharmaceutical needs, ginseng has become one of the most popular medicinal materials in domestic markets and import and export trades. At present, the quality standard of ginseng products is established on the basis of detection of effective chemical components. However, the classification and grading of ginseng still highly depend on the traditional grading index, wherein the growth age is one of the most important indexes for quality evaluation in the domestic market and the import trade of ginseng. In recent years, there is increasing evidence that the growth period of ginseng has a significant correlation with its chemical composition and pharmaceutical effect. Nowadays, lawbreakers excavate wild ginseng in large quantities, so that the resource is rare, and ginseng sold in the market and growing for a long time has higher value. This results in the appearance of ginseng with a low growth life span that pretends to be a high growth life span, disturbs the ginseng market at home and abroad, and is not beneficial to the ginseng quality control system and the sustainable development of the market.
Researchers at home and abroad have been paying attention to and developing ginseng growth age identification technology during the past decade, and have gradually developed many innovative methods in an attempt to identify ginseng growth age. The mature and extensive application is that the ginseng growth age identification mathematical model is developed according to the fact that the radial growth of the main root completely depends on the periodic activity of the vascular cambium, but the mathematical model based on the method is easy to make mistakes due to different climatic conditions and agricultural technologies.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for identifying the growth years of ginseng, which can simply, quickly and accurately identify the growth years of different varieties of ginseng.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for identifying the growth life of ginseng, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng;
s2, substituting the value of the calcium oxalate crystal of the ginseng to be tested into the mathematical model obtained in the step S1 to obtain the growth period of the ginseng to be tested.
In some embodiments of the invention, the determination position of the calcium oxalate crystals is 1/4 principal root cross-section.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the calcium oxalate crystals are detected in parenchyma between phloem fibers of the main root section of ginseng.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the calcium oxalate crystal number is counted by selecting calcium oxalate with a diameter of 15 μm or more.
In some embodiments of the invention, the calcium oxalate crystal number is counted using a microscopic imaging device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the microscopic imaging device comprises one or more of IMAGE-PRO Plus software, Micro-CT camera, X-ray scanning electron microscope, DEI resolver V3.6, X-ray small angle scattering (SAXS).
In some embodiments of the invention, the mathematical model is y-2.3797 x-1.2404, where y is the quantitative count of calcium oxalate crystals for a fixed location of dry ginseng or fresh ginseng and x is the growth life of ginseng.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method for establishing the mathematical model comprises the following steps: a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng is established based on the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the ginseng in different years.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above method is used for detecting the growth years of fresh ginseng or dry ginseng.
The method for identifying the growth years of the ginseng according to the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: according to the scheme, the number of calcium oxalate in the section of the main root of the ginseng in different years is detected, a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng is established, the growth years of different varieties of ginseng can be identified simply, quickly and accurately, and calcium oxalate crystals can stably exist in ginseng samples in different production and storage stages, so that the scheme has important significance on ginseng market circulation, quality evaluation, commodity classification and the like.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a mathematical model diagram for identifying the growth period of ginseng in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the identification of calcium oxalate crystals in a test example of the present invention, wherein A is a graph showing the results of micro-scale surface analysis of calcium oxalate crystals (COH crystals) in fresh ginseng sample slices by the FEG-ESEM system, and B is a graph showing the energy spectrum of fresh ginseng sample slices; c is a physical and chemical characterization result diagram of calcium oxalate crystals in ginseng by using a micro-Raman spectrum;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction of a dry ginseng sample using small angle scattering of X-rays according to the present invention, wherein A is one of three-dimensional rendering angles of a ginseng radix count COH crystal, B is an original cross-section of a tomographic image, and C is another one of three-dimensional rendering angles of a ginseng radix count COH crystal;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure analysis diagram of the positions of the cambium and phloem fiber of ginseng using a Micro-CT camera according to the present invention, wherein A is the microstructure analysis diagram of the cambium of ginseng, B is the microstructure analysis diagram of the cambium of ginseng, and C is the microstructure analysis diagram of the phloem fiber of ginseng;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a ginseng sample according to the present invention, wherein A is the diagram of the ginseng sample, and B is a schematic diagram of the localization of calcium oxalate by microscopic visual field observation.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 creation of mathematical model for identifying growth period of ginseng
The establishment of the mathematical model for identifying the growth period of the ginseng comprises the following specific processes:
(1) carrying out tomography and three-dimensional reconstruction on the main roots of the commercially available dry ginseng by using an X-rays synchrotron radiation method, wherein the X-rays synchrotron radiation method comprises the following steps: projection images and background images were obtained by X-ray small angle scattering (SAXS), and tomographic images and three-dimensional images were reconstructed using DEI resolver V3.6 developed by HEPR.
(2) After the main roots with different growth years are cut into slices, the slices are fixed on a glass slide by deionized water, a LabRamXplora confocal microscope equipped with a microscope and an electric objective table is used for obtaining Raman imaging, and a high-numerical-aperture microscope objective (40 times) is used for data acquisition so as to realize higher spatial resolution. Tomography was performed using a Micro-CT camera with an image size of 15 μm, an average frame rate of 4, and a rotation step size of 0.2.
(3) Knowing the age value of the ginseng as the abscissa and the corresponding quantitative counting of the calcium oxalate crystals as the ordinate, a linear standard curve is prepared, and the obtained prior standard curve equation is the mathematical model for identifying the age of the ginseng.
The experimental result is shown in fig. 1, and the obtained mathematical model is specifically as follows:
y＝2.3797x-1.2404，R20.9765. Wherein y is the result of quantitative counting of calcium oxalate crystals at a fixed position with respect to dried ginseng or fresh ginseng, x is the growth period of ginseng, and R is a correlation coefficient of linear fitting.
Example 2
A method for identifying the growth period of ginseng comprises the following specific steps:
after the main root of the ginseng to be detected is cut into slices, the slices are fixed on a glass slide by deionized water, a LabRamXplora confocal microscope provided with a microscope and an electric objective table is used for obtaining Raman imaging, and a high-numerical-aperture microscope objective (40 times) is used for data acquisition so as to realize higher spatial resolution. Carrying out tomography by using a Micro-CT camera, carrying out microscopic shooting on calcium oxalate crystals, carrying out quantitative counting on the calcium oxalate crystals by using IMAGE-PRO Plus software to obtain a quantitative counting value of the calcium oxalate crystals of the ginseng to be detected, substituting the obtained quantitative counting value of the calcium oxalate crystals of the ginseng medicinal material sample with unknown age to be detected into the mathematical model prepared in the embodiment 1, and calculating to obtain the age of the ginseng to be detected.
Test examples
1. Identification of calcium oxalate crystals
Fresh ginseng sample sections were analyzed using scanning electron microscope stubs with conductive carbon paint and using quanta (tm) 250FEG ESEM (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) in low vacuum mode (pressure chamber set at 100Pa) and a secondary electron signal range of 3, 5 OR 15 kv.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 2, and it can be seen from FIG. 2A that the surface of the ginseng slice has three distinct bright circles and a dark white point (solid particles) which is not uniformly dispersed. As can be seen from the spectrum in FIG. 2B, the three clear bright circles on the slice surface are K+The dark white point is Ca2+Further search of the dark-white point by using the micro-Raman spectrum revealed that the detected vibration wavenumbers were P480, P603, P891 and P1406 cm from FIG. 2C-1And determining the crystal to be calcium oxalate crystal. However, for calcium oxalate crystal count, K+The presence of (a) can cause severe interference, and the number of which cannot be counted.
2. Screening of calcium oxalate crystal identification part in ginseng
To exclude K+Ion interference, analysis of fully dried ginseng samples by X-ray tomography and 3D reconstruction using X-ray synchrotron radiation, further obtained a more specific distribution of calcium oxalate crystals within the main root of ginseng.
As shown in FIG. 3, K in test example 1 did not appear in the results of X-ray tomography+Bright band, exclude K+Disturbing, only the high density solid particles (i.e. the dark white point in test example 1) can be clearly represented in three dimensions by computer algorithms. According to statistical results, more than 70% of the calcium oxalate particles are distributed in the root cortex, the remainder being distributed almost entirely in the xylem between the parenchyma cells. Thus, these results show that high energy X-r based on synchrotron radiationay measurements and corresponding computer reconstruction programs may specifically present calcium oxalate crystals. Meanwhile, calcium oxalate crystals are also partially distributed in the parenchyma around the phloem fibers, which lays a foundation for searching the ginseng candidate part of which the calcium oxalate crystal count can be suitable for establishing a mathematical model.
In order to find the ginseng candidate part of which the calcium oxalate crystal count can be suitable for establishing a mathematical model, a Micro-CT camera is used for carrying out tomography; cambium as the main recognition center, with two distinct Ks+Circle (K)+circle (S) and K+circle (V)) to locate and identify the cambium, phloem and cortex. The experimental results are shown in fig. 4-5, where calcium oxalate crystal counts were localized to parenchymal tissue between phloem fibers of the main root section of ginseng and 1/4 main root sections were selected as the quantitative count range; in order to prevent the size of the calcium oxalate crystals from influencing counting when the Micro-CT camera carries out tomography, calcium oxalate crystals with the diameter of more than 15 mu m (inclusive) are screened and quantitatively counted to identify the growth years.
3. Identification of growth years of ginseng
The age limit of 14 dry or fresh different varieties of ginseng to be tested is identified by the method for identifying the growth age limit of the human in the embodiment 2, and the age limit identification result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Ginseng age limit identification results
| NO. | Accurate age limit | Age to be determined (Mean + -SEM, N ═ 6) |
| NO.1 | 1 | 1.01±0.29 |
| NO.2 | 2 | 1.71±0.29 |
| NO.3 | 3 | 3.18±0.31 |
| NO.4 | 4 | 4.23±0.61 |
| NO.5 | 5 | 5.49±0.45 |
| NO.6 | 6 | 5.98±0.49 |
| NO.7 | 7 | 6.89±0.29 |
| NO.8 | 8 | 7.66±0.34 |
| NO.9 | 9 | 8.58±0.29 |
| NO.10 | 10 | 9.91±0.46 |
| NO.11 | 11 | 11.31±0.58 |
| NO.12 | 12 | 12.22±0.56 |
| NO.13 | 13 | 12.92±0.21 |
| NO.14 | 14 | 14.04±0.74 |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. A method for identifying the growth period of ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng;
s2, substituting the value of the calcium oxalate crystal of the ginseng to be tested into the mathematical model obtained in the step S1 to obtain the growth period of the ginseng to be tested.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measured position of the calcium oxalate crystals is 1/4 primary root cross-section.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the calcium oxalate crystals are detected in parenchyma between bast fibers of the main root section of ginseng.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium oxalate crystals have a value obtained by counting calcium oxalate crystals having a diameter of 15 μm or more.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium oxalate crystal number is counted using a microscopic imaging device.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the microscopic imaging device comprises one or more of IMAGE-PRO Plus software, Micro-CT camera, X-ray scanning electron microscope, DEI resolver V3.6, and small angle scattering of X-rays.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the mathematical model is y-2.3797 x-1.2404.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the mathematical model is created by a method comprising the steps of: a mathematical model for identifying the growth years of the ginseng is established based on the quantity of calcium oxalate crystals in the ginseng in different years.
9. Use of the method according to claim 1 for detecting the growth years of fresh ginseng or dry ginseng.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103389323A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-11-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for evaluating ages of precious medicinal materials quickly and losslessly |
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| CN104293955A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-21 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | Method for identifying age limit of ginseng by using telomere length of ginseng |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103940738A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 复旦大学 | Method for quickly identifying ginseng age |
| CN103389323A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-11-13 | 浙江大学 | Method for evaluating ages of precious medicinal materials quickly and losslessly |
| CN104293955A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-21 | 中国中医科学院中药研究所 | Method for identifying age limit of ginseng by using telomere length of ginseng |
| CN107356594A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-11-17 | 广东数相智能科技有限公司 | Medicinal material section detection method, electronic equipment and storage medium based on cell analysis |
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