CN113418815A - Concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine - Google Patents
Concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN113418815A CN113418815A CN202110802162.7A CN202110802162A CN113418815A CN 113418815 A CN113418815 A CN 113418815A CN 202110802162 A CN202110802162 A CN 202110802162A CN 113418815 A CN113418815 A CN 113418815A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000013142 basic testing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/567—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion by submitting the specimen to the action of a fluid or of a fluidised material, e.g. cavitation, jet abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/565—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion of granular or particulate material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine, which comprises a box body supporting system for supporting the whole testing machine; a hydraulic injection system for providing high-speed sand-containing water flow is arranged in the box body supporting system; the hydraulic injection system is connected with a test power system for providing injection power; the test power system is connected with the test piece disc structure through the test piece rotating transmission system and drives the test piece to rotate; and the jet flow output end of the hydraulic injection system is matched with the test piece disc structure to realize the flushing of the test piece. The test device can realize the impact resistance and wear resistance test of the concrete sample under different scouring conditions, further research the anti-scouring performance of concrete materials with different mixing proportions, and provide basis for improving the scouring resistance of the concrete materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of concrete performance testing equipment, and particularly relates to a concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine.
Background
The dam and the dike are generally built by concrete, the concrete dam body is continuously subjected to the scouring action of high-speed sand-containing water flow, concave surfaces or grooves formed by scouring of the high-speed sand-containing water flow gradually appear on the surface of the concrete along with the passage of time, when the abrasion of the concrete reaches a certain degree, great potential safety hazards are generated, and the whole dam body can be broken and damaged seriously. Therefore, the abrasion mechanism of the high-speed sand-containing water flow to the concrete with different mixing ratios is understood and researched, the produced impact-resistant and abrasion-resistant concrete is developed, and the method has great positive significance for the construction and development of water conservancy and hydropower in China.
At present, concrete scouring test methods and equipment are not complete, and several common test methods are as follows:
(1) field test
The field test is that an experimenter carries out a concrete scouring and abrasion resistance test on the site of a dam needing to detect the scouring and abrasion resistance, the experimental method is limited by a large condition, the equipment is difficult to transport, the test environment is complex, the cost is high, and the achieved scouring and abrasion effect is not satisfactory.
(2) Laboratory test
The main form of laboratory testing is typically to power sand particles with high velocity air or water and then sweep the sample at an angle. The test device has the advantages of simple structure, definite action mechanism and similar actual working condition, can obtain the relationship between the abrasion resistance of the concrete and different jet velocities and different scouring angles, can test a plurality of test pieces by one test, and is very suitable for the test for developing the optimal concrete material mixing ratio. The indoor test can be divided into four types according to the test principle: stirring and scraping, rotary jet and streaming.
1) Stirring and scraping plate type
In the early days, the sand and sand erosion resistance of different materials was compared. In most cases, a test piece is formed into a round bar shape, and then the bar-shaped test piece is rotated in a round container filled with sand-containing water by a motor. The abrasion resistance of the concrete test piece is tested by the test device, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 11. In the stirring and scraper type research method, the punching and grinding speed of a test piece is mainly provided by a motor, the rotating speed of the test piece is the punching and grinding speed of the test piece, the test mode is subjected to large water flow friction resistance, the punching and grinding speed is directly influenced by the performance of the motor, the punching and grinding angle is fixed, and the method is an old test method and is not suitable for the task requirement of the subject.
2) Rotary jet type
The rotary jet type is that a plurality of nozzles are arranged on a rotor body, the rotor provides rotating force through a motor at the lower end, a test piece is fixed on the inner wall of a punching and grinding chamber, the punching angle depends on the rotating speed of the rotor and the jet speed, and the schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 12. In the test process, the test piece is fixed, the scouring speed is mainly related to the jet flow speed, the jet flow speed is the vector sum of the rotor body speed and the water flow speed provided by the water pump, the scouring speed provided by the mode is high, and general requirements are met. But the mode of regulating and controlling the injection angle is realized by regulating the jet flow speed, and when the nozzle injects different jet flow speeds, the injection angle is changed along with the jet flow speed. The method is difficult to adjust the spray angle, the speed can generally reach 50-60m/s, and the requirement of a subject cannot be met.
3) Rotary jet type
The device is provided with a test piece rotating disc, a plurality of test pieces are flatly fixed on the test piece rotating disc to form an annular plane, the disc is provided with rotating force by a motor and rotates at a high speed, then sand-containing water vertically shoots to the test pieces from a spray head, and the grinding speed of the test pieces is the vector sum of the rotating speed of the test piece rotating disc and the jet speed. The specific structure is schematically shown in fig. 13. The test piece is fixed, the scouring speed is mainly related to the jet flow speed, the jet flow speed is the vector sum of the rotor body speed and the water flow speed provided by the water pump, the scouring speed provided by the mode is high, and general requirements are met. But the mode of regulating and controlling the injection angle is realized by regulating the jet flow speed, and when the nozzle injects different jet flow speeds, the injection angle is changed along with the jet flow speed. The method is difficult to adjust the spray angle, the speed can generally reach 50-60m/s, and the requirement of a subject cannot be met.
4) Streaming around
Such devices approximate the test conditions to the planar flow of the flow channel. The sand-containing water in the flow channel is provided with pressure by a water pump to flow in a pipeline of the device at a certain speed, the test piece is fixed on a streaming disc, and the streaming disc is driven to rotate by a motor, so that a larger relative speed is obtained. The collective device is shown in fig. 14. The test piece abrasion speed is the vector sum of the water flow speed in the pipeline and the rotating speed of the streaming disc, in the device, the test piece disc is installed in the pipeline with a certain flow speed, the disc is subjected to large water flow friction resistance in a rotating mode, and the pipeline is large in size due to the fact that the streaming disc is installed in the pipeline, and the sand-containing water flow speed cannot be too large. The punching and grinding speed of the device is not too high generally, and the requirement of a subject is not met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine which mainly comprises a hydraulic injection system, a test piece rotation transmission system, a cooling system and a box body supporting system; in consideration of the stability of the testing machine, the clean water tank and the water pump with larger weight are designed at the bottom of the testing machine; the test piece disc and the motor are in mechanical transmission, and a test piece rotating transmission system is designed at the middle upper part of the testing machine for the convenience of loading and unloading the test piece; the cooling system adopts a condensing pipe cold cutting mode and surrounds the bottom of the clear water tank, and condensed water is provided by an external condenser; the box body supporting system supports each system, wraps the whole scouring device and plays a role in supporting and protecting; after the device reaches the basic test requirement, the structure is compact, the installation is convenient, the operation is simple, and the cost performance is reasonable.
In order to achieve the technical features, the invention is realized as follows: the concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine comprises a box body supporting system for supporting the whole testing machine;
a hydraulic injection system for providing high-speed sand-containing water flow is arranged in the box body supporting system;
the hydraulic injection system is connected with a test power system for providing injection power;
the test power system is connected with the test piece disc structure through the test piece rotating transmission system and drives the test piece to rotate;
and the jet flow output end of the hydraulic injection system is matched with the test piece disc structure to realize the flushing of the test piece.
The box body supporting system comprises a main box body, and the inner lower part of the main box body is isolated by a first horizontal partition plate and a second horizontal partition plate to form a clear water box; a third horizontal partition plate is arranged above the first horizontal partition plate, a speed regulating chamber is formed between the third horizontal partition plate and the third horizontal partition plate, and the test piece rotating transmission system is arranged and installed in the speed regulating chamber; the top of the third horizontal partition plate is provided with a punching and grinding chamber for punching and grinding tests; the side edges of the punching and grinding chamber and the speed regulating chamber are separated by a vertical partition plate to form a motor chamber; the test power system is arranged inside the motor chamber.
The punching and grinding chamber comprises a punching and grinding chamber base, a central cylinder is arranged at the central part of the punching and grinding chamber base, an inclined plane box bottom plate is arranged at the top of the punching and grinding chamber base, a punching and grinding box body is arranged at the top of the inclined plane box bottom plate, a top through hole for penetrating through a hydraulic injection system is formed in the top of the punching and grinding box body, and a side door is arranged on the side surface of the punching and grinding box body; the lower end of the inclined box bottom plate is provided with a plurality of backflow holes.
The backflow hole is communicated with the clean water tank of the main tank body through a backflow pipe, and a filter screen which is obliquely arranged is arranged in the clean water tank.
The hydraulic injection system comprises a water pump which is fixedly arranged in a clear water tank of the tank body supporting system, and a water inlet is formed in the side surface of the water pump; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with a vertical pipe through a right-angle elbow, an overflow valve and a flow valve are mounted on the vertical pipe, a sand mixing chamber is mounted behind the flow valve, and the sand mixing chamber is connected with a sand box through a sand valve; a flow meter is arranged behind the sand mixing chamber, a plurality of tee joints are arranged on a pipeline behind the flow meter, a spray head is fixedly arranged on each tee joint through a spray head pipe, and the spray head is arranged in a scouring chamber of the box body supporting system; the water pump is connected with a test power system for driving the water pump.
The test power system comprises a motor, and the motor is supported and installed in a motor chamber of the box body supporting system through a motor base; a motor main shaft of the motor is connected with the top end of the pump shaft through a coupling, and the pump shaft is vertically and rotatably supported on a second horizontal partition plate of the box body supporting system through a pump shaft supporting seat; and the pump shaft is connected with a water pump of the hydraulic injection system.
The test piece disc structure comprises a rotating disc, a boss is arranged at the center of the top of the rotating disc, and a key slot hole is processed in the center of the boss; a plurality of test piece mounting grooves are uniformly formed in the rotating disc, and a plurality of bolt locking mechanisms are uniformly distributed and fixed at the edge of the rotating disc.
The test piece rotating transmission system comprises a first bevel gear arranged on a pump shaft of a test power system, the first bevel gear is in meshing transmission with a second bevel gear, the second bevel gear is arranged on an input shaft of a continuously variable transmission, and the continuously variable transmission is fixedly arranged on a first horizontal partition plate of a box body supporting system through a transmission base; the output shaft of the continuously variable transmission is provided with a third bevel gear, the third bevel gear is in meshing transmission with a fourth bevel gear, the fourth bevel gear is fixedly arranged on a rotating main shaft, the test piece disc structure is fixedly arranged at the top end of the rotating main shaft, and the rotating main shaft is rotatably supported inside a central cylinder of the punching and grinding chamber through a rotating shaft supporting seat.
The rotating shaft supporting seat and a pump shaft supporting seat of the test power system adopt the same structure; the rotating shaft supporting seat comprises an upper bearing and a lower bearing which are arranged up and down, the upper bearing is positioned and installed in the central cylinder through an upper bearing end cover, the lower bearing is positioned and installed in the central cylinder through a lower bearing end cover, the upper bearing end cover is matched with the upper rotating seal, and the lower bearing end cover is matched with the lower rotating seal.
And a cooling coil for cooling is arranged in the clear water tank of the box body supporting system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the testing machine mainly comprises a hydraulic injection system, a test piece rotation transmission system, a cooling system and a box body supporting system; in consideration of the stability of the testing machine, the clean water tank and the water pump with larger weight are designed at the bottom of the testing machine; the test piece disc and the motor are in mechanical transmission, and a test piece rotating transmission system is designed at the middle upper part of the testing machine for the convenience of loading and unloading the test piece; the cooling system adopts a condensing pipe cold cutting mode and surrounds the bottom of the clear water tank, and condensed water is provided by an external condenser; the box body supporting system supports each system, wraps the whole scouring device and plays a role in supporting and protecting; after the device reaches the basic test requirement, the structure is compact, the installation is convenient, the operation is simple, and the cost performance is reasonable.
2. The testing machine adopts a rotary jet type punching and grinding principle, the washing speed is obtained by superposing a hydraulic jet system and a test piece rotating system, and the higher punching and grinding speed can be obtained. The two systems can carry out stepless speed change, thereby achieving stepless speed regulation of the whole device, and the theoretical speed meets the requirements of a task book: the linear speed range V of the scouring is 40-100 m/s.
3. This testing machine hydraulic pressure injection system adopts the back filled type, and the husky water misce bene, and only has great wearing and tearing to sandbox back end pipeline and shower nozzle, and the sandbox export is equipped with manual ball valve, but manual control efflux contains husky ratio, and it is convenient to adjust, can be used to simulate different sand-containing rivers and to the rush mill experiment of concrete sample.
4. The testing machine only uses one motor, the power for rotating the water pump of the hydraulic injection system and the test piece disc is from the three-phase asynchronous motor at the left end of the testing device, the cost is reduced, and the circuit of the testing machine is simpler.
5. The test machine vertically installs the test piece on the test piece disc to form a circle. Then the spray head sprays the surrounding test piece in the middle of the test piece tray, the grinding speed of the surface of the test piece is consistent, and the jet flow completely impacts the test surface, so that the device has the advantages of uniform washing, high efficiency, high washing speed and the like
6. The device can simultaneously carry out the scouring experiment of a plurality of samples, and is simple in manufacturing and material selection, low in manufacturing cost and suitable for market demands.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the hydraulic injection system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a test power system of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a test piece tray configuration of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a top view of a test piece tray structure according to the present invention.
Figure 7 is a front cross-sectional view of the chamber of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a left side cross-sectional view of the chamber of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a top view of the chamber of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged view of the rotary shaft supporting base according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a view showing a configuration of a conventional agitating and flight type.
Fig. 12 is a conventional rotary jet type structural diagram.
Fig. 13 is a conventional rotary jet type configuration diagram.
Fig. 14 is a conventional bypass structure diagram.
In the figure: the device comprises a box body supporting system 1, a hydraulic spraying system 2, a test piece disc structure 3, a punching and grinding chamber 4, a test power system 5, a test piece rotating transmission system 6 and a cooling coil 7;
the device comprises a main box body 101, a clear water box 102, a filter screen 103, a first horizontal partition plate 104, a speed regulation chamber 105, a return pipe 106, a third horizontal partition plate 107, a second horizontal partition plate 108 and a motor chamber 109;
the device comprises a water pump 201, a water inlet 202, a right-angle elbow 203, a vertical pipe 204, an overflow valve 205, a flow valve 206, a sand mixing chamber 207, a sand valve 208, a sand box 209, a flow meter 210, a three-way joint 211, a spray head pipe 212 and a spray head 213;
a rotating disc 301, a test piece mounting groove 302, a bolt locking mechanism 303, a key slot hole 304 and a boss 305;
a punching and grinding chamber base 401, a central cylinder 402, an inclined plane box bottom plate 403, a punching and grinding box body 404, a side opening door 405, a backflow hole 406 and a top through hole 407;
a motor 501, a motor base 502, a motor main shaft 503, a coupling 504 and a pump shaft 505;
the transmission comprises a first bevel gear 601, a second bevel gear 602, an input shaft 603, a continuously variable transmission 604, a transmission base 605, an output shaft 606, a third bevel gear 607, a rotating main shaft 608, a fourth bevel gear 609 and a rotating shaft supporting seat 610.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-11, the concrete abrasion and impact tester comprises a box supporting system 1 for supporting the whole tester; a hydraulic injection system 2 for providing high-speed sand-containing water flow is arranged in the box body supporting system 1; the hydraulic injection system 2 is connected with a test power system 5 for providing injection power; the test power system 5 is connected with the test piece disc structure 3 through a test piece rotating transmission system 6 and drives the test piece to rotate; and the jet flow output end of the hydraulic injection system 2 is matched with the test piece disc structure 3 to realize the flushing of the test piece. The testing machine mainly comprises a hydraulic injection system, a test piece rotation transmission system, a cooling system and a box body supporting system; in consideration of the stability of the testing machine, the clean water tank and the water pump with larger weight are designed at the bottom of the testing machine; the test piece disc and the motor are in mechanical transmission, and a test piece rotating transmission system is designed at the middle upper part of the testing machine for the convenience of loading and unloading the test piece; the cooling system adopts a condensing pipe cold cutting mode and surrounds the bottom of the clear water tank, and condensed water is provided by an external condenser; the box body supporting system supports each system, wraps the whole scouring device and plays a role in supporting and protecting; after the device reaches the basic test requirement, the structure is compact, the installation is convenient, the operation is simple, and the cost performance is reasonable.
Further, the box body supporting system 1 comprises a main box body 101, wherein the inner lower part of the main box body 101 is separated by a first horizontal partition plate 104 and a second horizontal partition plate 108 to form a clean water box 102; a third horizontal partition plate 107 is arranged above the first horizontal partition plate 104, a speed regulating chamber 105 is formed between the third horizontal partition plate and the first horizontal partition plate, and the test piece rotating transmission system 6 is arranged and installed in the speed regulating chamber 105; the top of the third horizontal partition plate 107 is provided with a punching and grinding chamber 4 for punching and grinding tests; the side edges of the punching and grinding chamber 4 and the speed regulating chamber 105 are separated by a vertical partition plate to form a motor chamber 109; the test power system 5 is disposed inside the motor compartment 109. Considering that the bottom of the box body is a clean water tank which bears larger weight, the lower half part of the box body is made of cast iron material with larger thickness, and the upper part of the box body does not bear large weight and can be made of aluminum alloy and other materials. Because the transmission shaft is longer, the assembled bearings are more, and the thickness of the box body for bearing the bearings is thicker, the bearing can be cast separately and then welded with the box body.
Further, the punching and grinding chamber 4 comprises a punching and grinding chamber base 401, a central cylinder 402 is arranged at the central part of the punching and grinding chamber base 401, an inclined plane tank bottom plate 403 is arranged at the top of the punching and grinding chamber base 401, a punching and grinding box body 404 is arranged at the top of the inclined plane tank bottom plate 403, a top through hole 407 for penetrating through the hydraulic injection system 2 is arranged at the top of the punching and grinding box body 404, and a side door 405 is arranged on the side surface of the punching and grinding box body 404; a plurality of return holes 406 are provided at the lower end of the sloped box bottom plate 403. The punching and grinding chamber has high requirement on sealing, and is cast separately, and the nozzle is set in the middle of the test piece, so that the jet flow of the jetting system impacts the surface of the test piece and the punching and grinding chamber has less wear, so that it may be used in common material. When the testing machine runs, more sand-containing water can be deposited at the bottom of the punching and grinding chamber, the bottom of the punching and grinding chamber can be cast into a round table shape, and the sand-containing water is converged into an annular channel of the punching and grinding chamber and then flows out through a drain pipe. The punching and grinding chamber is connected with the box body through bolts.
Further, the clean water tank 102 is arranged at the bottom of the whole testing machine, the weight of the whole testing machine is borne, and the tank wall is designed to be thicker. The clear water tank has higher requirement on sealing performance, so the clear water tank can be cast independently and welded on other tank walls. The clear water tank is also provided with a sand filter screen, and related data are consulted, the average particle size of the sand and stone particles of the main rivers in China is between 0.003 and 0.05mm, and the maximum particle size is between 0.1 and 1 mm. In order to improve the efficiency of the scouring test, the grain diameter of the sand grains is generally 0.1-1mm in the test, so a stainless steel filter screen with the aperture of 0.05mm can be used.
Further, the return hole 406 communicates with the clean water tank 102 of the main tank 101 through the return pipe 106, and the clean water tank 102 is provided with a filter screen 103 disposed obliquely therein.
Further, the hydraulic injection system 2 comprises a water pump 201 fixed on the inside of the clean water tank 102 of the tank body supporting system 1, the water pump 201 is fixedly installed inside the clean water tank 102, and a water inlet 202 is arranged on the side surface of the water pump 201; the water outlet of the water pump 201 is connected with a vertical pipe 204 through a right-angle elbow 203, an overflow valve 205 and a flow valve 206 are installed on the vertical pipe 204, a sand mixing chamber 207 is installed behind the flow valve 206, and the sand mixing chamber 207 is connected with a sand box 209 through a sand valve 208; a flow meter 210 is arranged behind the sand mixing chamber 207, a plurality of three-way joints 211 are arranged on pipelines behind the flow meter 210, spray heads 213 are fixedly arranged on the three-way joints 211 through spray head pipes 212, and the spray heads 213 are arranged inside the scouring chamber 4 of the box body supporting system 1; the water pump 201 is connected with a test power system 5 for driving the water pump to pump water.
Wherein, hydraulic pressure injection system is the device that provides high-speed husky rivers for the testing machine, and power comes to the water pump. The main function is to spray sand-containing water flow to wash the concrete test piece. In order to achieve the step speed regulation of the tester, the flushing speed of the injection system should be adjustable within a certain range, so that a proper control valve is required to be installed. A flow meter should also be installed to monitor the flow all the time. The sand and stone filling mode adopts a front filling mode, and the filling mode has the advantages of uniform mixing of sand and water and adjustable sand content of jet flow.
In order to prevent sand from depositing in the pipeline, the flow speed of water flow in the pipeline is not too slow. According to the theory of liquid-solid two-phase flow, the flow speed of sand water in the pipeline should be larger than the critical flow speed by 1.2-1.4m/s, and the sand and the stone are not deposited in large quantity. The flow rate of the fluid in the pipeline is inversely proportional to the diameter of the pipeline, so that the diameter of the pipeline is not easy to be overlarge. And because the fluid in the pipeline contains a large amount of sand and stone, the pipeline is greatly abraded when the flow speed is too high, and the diameter of the pipeline is not easy to be too small.
Because the jet speed is required to be adjusted within 20-60m/s in the design, a manual ball valve is selected for controlling the flow of the whole experimental device, the position of the manual ball valve is required to be arranged behind the mixing cavity, if the manual ball valve is arranged in the front, the jet medium is sand-containing water, the valve body is inevitably abraded, and the experimental device is known by referring to mechanical design manual: because the outlet pipe diameter of pump is 32mm in this design, consequently select nominal diameter to be 32 mm's manual ball valve, specific model is: Q11F DN32 hand-operated threaded ball valve. In order to prevent the gushing and the backflow of the abrasive at the end of the test, the manual ball valves on the high-pressure water jet input pipeline and the abrasive output pipeline are selected from Q11F DN32 manual threaded ball valves.
The speed range is changed in the process, so that the flow is inevitably changed, the pressure is changed, an overflow valve is selected for stabilizing the pressure of the system, a direct-acting overflow valve connected in a pipe type is selected according to the nominal diameter DN =32mm of the pipeline by referring to mechanical design manual, and the overflow valve is arranged in front of a manual ball valve for controlling the flow of the whole experimental device.
The selection of flowmeter receives the influence of pipeline diameter, because preceding DN =32mm with calculating pipeline diameter, according to the LWGY type turbine flowmeter that the pipeline diameter can choose for use, specific model is: nominal diameter DN =32mm, nominal pressure 6.3MPa, flow range: 1-25m 3/h. According to the parameters selected by the water pump, the following parameters can be obtained: the outlet pressure P =2.16MPa of the abrasive nozzle and the jet flow is 21.6m3/h, so that the flowmeter meets the requirements.
The nozzle is an important element of a hydraulic injection system and plays an important role in both the flow rate and the velocity of the jet. The shape of the size of the nozzle is directly related to the quality of the concrete abrasion test. Because the concrete test piece is vertical placing, in order to increase the impact grinding area, improve the impact grinding efficiency, should select fan nozzle, this kind of nozzle spout is the platykurtic, and the efflux is with fan-shaped injection to the test piece on, the impact grinding area is big, and is efficient, erodees evenly, with the impact grinding condition that accords with actual hydraulic concrete building. Because the injection system is of a rear filling type, the sand-containing water flow greatly abrades the nozzle, so that the nozzle material should be an abrasion-resistant material, such as polystyrene type hard alloy, and the inner wall of the nozzle can be plated with a ceramic material with high abrasion resistance, thereby increasing the abrasion resistance.
Further, the test power system 5 comprises a motor 501, and the motor 501 is supported and installed inside the motor chamber 109 of the box body supporting system 1 through a motor base 502; a motor main shaft 503 of the motor 501 is connected with the top end of a pump shaft 505 through a coupling 504, and the pump shaft 505 is vertically and rotatably supported on a second horizontal partition 108 of the box body supporting system 1 through a pump shaft supporting seat 506; the pump shaft 505 is connected to the water pump 201 of the hydraulic jetting system 2. The test power system 5 mainly functions to provide power to enable the test piece to rotate. The power of the system is derived from a motor, then passes through a speed changer, then is transmitted to a tray, and finally the tray rotates together with a test piece. The speed is relatively easy to control, so the speed regulation requirements for this system are higher than for injection systems. A tachometer is installed so as to monitor the rotating speed of the motor constantly and further obtain the speed of the test piece.
Further, the test piece disc structure 3 comprises a rotating disc 301, a boss 305 is arranged at the center of the top of the rotating disc 301, and a key slot hole 304 is processed in the center of the boss 305; a plurality of test piece mounting grooves 302 are uniformly formed in the rotating disc 301, and a plurality of bolt locking mechanisms 303 are uniformly fixed on the edge of the rotating disc 301. Test piece dish structure 3 mainly is used for bearing the test block in this design device, and test piece dish structure 3's structure appearance is fairly simple, because test piece dish structure 3 is more serious in high-speed motion silt rivers wearing and tearing, so the structure size should be a little bit bigger. But the structure size is too big, and the rotatory inertia of test piece dish structure 3 is too big, if the axle position precision is not high in the installation, aggravates the wearing and tearing of bearing, for alleviateing test piece dish weight, can open several holes on the test piece dish, so not only can reduce test piece dish quality, and jet water also can follow the direct drainage pipe that flows to in the hole simultaneously. The machining requirement precision of the disc hub of the test piece disc structure 3 is high, and the disc hub is in interference fit with a shaft.
Further, the test piece rotation transmission system 6 comprises a first bevel gear 601 mounted on a pump shaft 505 of the test power system 5, the first bevel gear 601 is in meshing transmission with a second bevel gear 602, the second bevel gear 602 is mounted on an input shaft 603 of a continuously variable transmission 604, and the continuously variable transmission 604 is fixedly mounted on a first horizontal partition 104 of the box body supporting system 1 through a transmission base 605; the output shaft 606 of the continuously variable transmission 604 is provided with a third bevel gear 607, the third bevel gear 607 is in meshing transmission with a fourth bevel gear 609, the fourth bevel gear 609 is fixedly arranged on a rotating main shaft 608, the test piece disc structure 3 is fixedly arranged at the top end of the rotating main shaft 608, and the rotating main shaft 608 is rotatably supported inside the central cylinder 402 of the punching and grinding chamber 4 through a rotating shaft supporting seat 610. The test piece rotation transmission system 6 mainly functions to provide power to enable the test piece to rotate. The power of the system is from the motor, then passes to the test piece disc structure 3 through the speed changer, and finally the test piece disc structure 3 rotates with the test piece. The rotational speed is mainly regulated by a continuously variable transmission.
In the working process, the pump shaft 505 drives the first bevel gear 601, the first bevel gear 601 drives the second bevel gear 602, the second bevel gear 602 drives the stepless speed changing box 604, the stepless speed changing box 604 drives the third bevel gear 607, the third bevel gear 607 drives the fourth bevel gear 609, the fourth bevel gear 609 drives the rotating main shaft 608, and the rotating main shaft 608 drives the test piece disc structure 3.
Further, the rotating shaft supporting seat 610 and the pump shaft supporting seat 506 of the test power system 5 adopt the same structure; the rotating shaft support seat 610 comprises an upper bearing 6014 and a lower bearing 6013 which are vertically arranged, the upper bearing 6014 is positioned and installed inside the central cylinder 402 through an upper bearing end cover 6015, the lower bearing 6013 is positioned and installed inside the central cylinder 402 through a lower bearing end cover 6012, the upper bearing end cover 6015 is matched with the upper rotary seal 6016, and the lower bearing end cover 6012 is matched with the lower rotary seal 6011. The bearing seal is mainly used for preventing impurities such as pressure water, sand and the like from entering. The reference sealing method may be labyrinth sealing. The sealing method is formed by a zigzag gap formed by splicing rotating and fixed sealing parts, and the gap is filled with lubricating grease, so that the sealing effect can be achieved. The structure is placed in the assembly that combines the device axle, and the arrangement design of tortuous way is axial seal, considers that temperature variation is little to the flexible influence of shaft length, guarantees that the revolving fragment contacts with the stationary blade just can guarantee sealed effect during the installation, and wherein the revolving fragment is fixed with the axle with the screw.
Because the shaft is vertically installed, lubricating oil lubrication can not be adopted, and grease lubrication can be adopted.
Further, a cooling coil 7 for cooling is arranged inside the clean water tank 102 of the box body supporting system 1. Because a large amount of heat can be produced when the high-speed jet flow erodes the test piece, and whole testing machine rivers are the inner loop, so after experimental a period of time of carrying out, the rivers temperature that contain sand can be higher, causes great influence to the erosion and grinding experiment, so should design cooling system. This design cooling system adopts the condenser pipe cooling method, and the condenser pipe is installed in the clear water tank bottom, and the bending is arranged, increases cooling efficiency, and the condensate water is provided by outside condenser in the condenser pipe.
The working process principle of the invention is as follows:
firstly, a test piece to be tested is fixedly arranged on a test piece disc structure 3, a hydraulic injection system 2 and a test power system 5 are started, power of the hydraulic injection system 2 is provided through the test power system 5, and high-speed jet water containing sand is provided through the hydraulic injection system 2; the test power system 5 drives the test piece rotary transmission system 6, the test piece disc structure 3 is driven by the test piece rotary transmission system 6, the test piece is driven to rotate by the test piece disc structure 3, and the test piece is subjected to a flushing test by jet flow water.
Claims (10)
1. The concrete anti-impact abrasion tester is characterized in that: the testing machine comprises a box body supporting system (1) for supporting the whole testing machine;
a hydraulic injection system (2) for providing high-speed sand-containing water flow is arranged in the box body supporting system (1);
the hydraulic injection system (2) is connected with a test power system (5) for providing injection power;
the test power system (5) is connected with the test piece disc structure (3) through a test piece rotating transmission system (6) and drives the test piece to rotate;
and the jet flow output end of the hydraulic injection system (2) is matched with the test piece disc structure (3) to realize the flushing of the test piece.
2. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the box body supporting system (1) comprises a main box body (101), wherein the inner lower part of the main box body (101) is isolated by a first horizontal partition plate (104) and a second horizontal partition plate (108) to form a clear water box (102); a third horizontal partition plate (107) is arranged above the first horizontal partition plate (104), a speed regulating chamber (105) is formed between the first horizontal partition plate and the third horizontal partition plate, and the test piece rotating transmission system (6) is arranged and installed in the speed regulating chamber (105); the top of the third horizontal partition plate (107) is provided with a punching and grinding chamber (4) for punching and grinding tests; the side edges of the punching and grinding chamber (4) and the speed regulating chamber (105) are separated by a vertical partition plate to form a motor chamber (109); the test power system (5) is arranged inside the motor chamber (109).
3. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 2, characterized in that: the punching and grinding chamber (4) comprises a punching and grinding chamber base (401), a central cylinder (402) is arranged at the central part of the punching and grinding chamber base (401), an inclined plane tank bottom plate (403) is arranged at the top of the punching and grinding chamber base (401), a punching and grinding tank body (404) is arranged at the top of the inclined plane tank bottom plate (403), a top through hole (407) for penetrating through the hydraulic injection system (2) is formed in the top of the punching and grinding tank body (404), and a side door (405) is arranged on the side surface of the punching and grinding tank body (404); the lower end of the inclined box bottom plate (403) is provided with a plurality of backflow holes (406).
4. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 3, wherein: the return hole (406) is communicated with a clean water tank (102) of the main tank body (101) through a return pipe (106), and a filter screen (103) which is obliquely arranged is arranged in the clean water tank (102).
5. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydraulic injection system (2) comprises a water pump (201), the water pump (201) is fixedly arranged in a clear water tank (102) of the box body supporting system (1), and a water inlet (202) is formed in the side surface of the water pump (201); a water outlet of the water pump (201) is connected with a vertical pipe (204) through a right-angle elbow (203), an overflow valve (205) and a flow valve (206) are installed on the vertical pipe (204), a sand mixing chamber (207) is installed behind the flow valve (206), and the sand mixing chamber (207) is connected with a sand box (209) through a sand valve (208); a flow meter (210) is installed behind the sand mixing chamber (207), a plurality of three-way joints (211) are installed on a pipeline behind the flow meter (210), a spray head (213) is fixedly installed on each three-way joint (211) through a spray head pipe (212), and the spray head (213) is arranged inside the flushing and grinding chamber (4) of the box body supporting system (1); the water pump (201) is connected with a test power system (5) for driving the water pump to pump water.
6. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the test power system (5) comprises a motor (501), and the motor (501) is supported and installed in a motor chamber (109) of the box body supporting system (1) through a motor base (502); a motor main shaft (503) of the motor (501) is connected with the top end of a pump shaft (505) through a coupling (504), and the pump shaft (505) is vertically and rotatably supported on a second horizontal partition plate (108) of the box body supporting system (1) through a pump shaft supporting seat (506); the pump shaft (505) is connected with a water pump (201) of the hydraulic injection system (2).
7. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the test piece disc structure (3) comprises a rotating disc (301), a boss (305) is arranged at the center of the top of the rotating disc (301), and a key slot hole (304) is machined in the center of the boss (305); a plurality of test piece mounting grooves (302) are uniformly formed in the rotating disc (301), and a plurality of bolt locking mechanisms (303) are uniformly fixed on the edge of the rotating disc (301).
8. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: the test piece rotating transmission system (6) comprises a first bevel gear (601) arranged on a pump shaft (505) of a test power system (5), the first bevel gear (601) is in meshing transmission with a second bevel gear (602), the second bevel gear (602) is arranged on an input shaft (603) of a continuously variable transmission (604), and the continuously variable transmission (604) is fixedly arranged on a first horizontal partition plate (104) of a box body supporting system (1) through a transmission base (605); an output shaft (606) of the continuously variable transmission (604) is provided with a third bevel gear (607), the third bevel gear (607) and a fourth bevel gear (609) are in meshing transmission, the fourth bevel gear (609) is fixedly arranged on a rotating main shaft (608), the test piece disc structure (3) is fixedly arranged at the top end of the rotating main shaft (608), and the rotating main shaft (608) is rotatably supported inside a central cylinder (402) of the punching and grinding chamber (4) through a rotating shaft supporting seat (610).
9. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 8, characterized in that: the rotating shaft supporting seat (610) and a pump shaft supporting seat (506) of the test power system (5) adopt the same structure; the rotating shaft supporting seat (610) comprises an upper bearing (6014) and a lower bearing (6013) which are arranged up and down, the upper bearing (6014) is positioned and installed inside the central cylinder body (402) through an upper bearing end cover (6015), the lower bearing (6013) is positioned and installed inside the central cylinder body (402) through a lower bearing end cover (6012), the upper bearing end cover (6015) is matched with an upper rotating seal (6016), and the lower bearing end cover (6012) is matched with a lower rotating seal (6011).
10. The concrete abrasion and impact tester according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a cooling coil (7) for cooling is arranged in a clear water tank (102) of the box body supporting system (1).
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| CN202110802162.7A CN113418815A (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110802162.7A CN113418815A (en) | 2021-07-15 | 2021-07-15 | Concrete impact and abrasion resistance testing machine |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115144257A (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-10-04 | 四川轻化工大学 | Test equipment for simulating erosion process of debris flow to sand-blocking dam apron |
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| CN102621057A (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-08-01 | 上海交通大学 | Method and device for testing water erosion resistance of material |
| CN203643282U (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-06-11 | 三峡大学 | Spraying type concrete grinding testing machine |
| CN108344651A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-07-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Screen casing erosion resistance evaluation experimental device and method |
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Application publication date: 20210921 |
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