CN113415893B - Multifunctional wetland simulation system and method for purifying polluted water body - Google Patents
Multifunctional wetland simulation system and method for purifying polluted water body Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wetland simulation technology, in particular to a multifunctional wetland simulation system and method for purifying a polluted water body, which are used for solving the problems that three wetland simulation systems are required to be independently manufactured in the existing wetland simulation system for simulating three wetland processes, the occupied area is large, matrix replacement and screening are complex, and the simulation test time of testers is long. A multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying polluted water bodies comprises a plexiglass box and two partition plates vertically arranged in the plexiglass box; a plurality of through holes are formed in each of the two partition plates, and the two partition plates divide the organic glass box into three storage areas, namely a left storage area, a middle storage area and a right storage area; and each storage area is internally provided with a mesh bag matched with the space of the storage area, and each mesh bag is sequentially filled with a matrix layer and a thin soil layer from bottom to top. The invention also discloses a multifunctional wetland simulation method for purifying the polluted water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wetland simulation technology, in particular to a multifunctional wetland simulation system and method for purifying a polluted water body.
Background
The ecological protection and treatment of the river basin are important components for realizing the system treatment of the mountain forest Tian Hu grass, and the integration of the scheme of the mountain forest Lin Tianhu grass treatment is fully considered for ensuring the systematicness of the treatment engineering, so that the river basin treatment technology and the process have certain limitations. The constructed wetland system has low construction cost, simple operation and energy conservation, can provide wetland biological habitat, can bear great change of inflow and has a certain landscape ornamental function. Therefore, in the whole domain renovation project, the constructed wetland system has certain advantages aiming at the river basin ecological management. Aiming at different target pollutants and treatment water volumes for river basin remediation, different treatment processes and matrix fillers are required to be selected in different regions.
The basic process of the constructed wetland system is divided into 3 processes of surface flow, horizontal undercurrent and vertical undercurrent, and according to the different pollution degree and treatment requirements of the water body in the river basin, the treatment process of the constructed wetland system for treating the water body in the river basin needs to be tested, and the optimal treatment parameters are sought. The existing wetland simulation system can only simulate one process, if three processes are to be simulated, three wetland simulation systems are required to be independently manufactured, the occupied area is large, matrix fillers in each wetland simulation system also need to be replaced, the matrix screening is complex, the simulation test time of test personnel is prolonged, and the test efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the existing wetland simulation system can only simulate one process, if three processes are to be simulated, three wetland simulation systems are required to be independently manufactured, the occupied area is large, matrix fillers in each wetland simulation system also need to be replaced, matrix screening is complex, and the simulation test time of test personnel is long.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying a polluted water body is characterized in that:
comprises an organic glass box and two partition plates vertically arranged in the organic glass box;
the two partition plates are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes, and divide the organic glass box into three storage areas, namely a left storage area, a middle storage area and a right storage area; a mesh bag matched with the space of the storage area is arranged in each storage area, a matrix layer and a thin soil layer are sequentially filled in each mesh bag from bottom to top, the thickness of the matrix layer in each mesh bag is the same, and the thickness of the thin soil layer in each mesh bag is the same;
a first water inlet and a second water inlet are sequentially formed in the left side wall of the left storage area from top to bottom, and a first water inlet pipe and a second water inlet pipe are respectively connected to the first water inlet and the second water inlet; the first water inlet is formed above the thin soil layer, and the second water inlet is formed in the middle of the matrix layer;
a first water outlet, a second water outlet and a third water outlet are sequentially arranged on the right side wall of the right storage area from top to bottom, and a first water outlet pipe, a second water outlet pipe and a third water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the first water outlet, the second water outlet and the third water outlet; the first water outlet is arranged above the thin soil layer, the second water outlet is arranged in the middle of the matrix layer and is in the same horizontal position as the second water inlet, and the third water outlet is arranged at the lower part of the matrix layer;
a water distribution unit is arranged above the thin soil layer in the three storage areas, a water inlet of the water distribution unit is communicated with the first water inlet, and the water distribution unit is used for distributing water to the thin soil layer. .
Further, a plurality of monitoring ports are formed in the organic glass box and are evenly distributed on the front end faces of the left storage area, the middle storage area and the right storage area.
Further, the water distribution unit comprises a main water distribution pipe and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes uniformly distributed on the main water distribution pipe; one port of the main water distribution pipe is communicated with the first water inlet, the other port is closed, one end of each branch water distribution pipe is communicated with the main water distribution pipe, the other end of each branch water distribution pipe is closed, and a plurality of water outlets are uniformly distributed on each branch water distribution pipe.
Further, a first bean layer and a first gravel layer are sequentially arranged on the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the left storage area from top to bottom;
the type of matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area is selected as follows:
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 40-80 mg/l, the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be provided with a first sand layer, a zeolite layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom,
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 8-15 mg/l, a second sand layer, a fly ash layer and a bean stone layer can be arranged on the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area from top to bottom;
when the organic matter content in the water body is 400-1000 mg/l, the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a third sand layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer from top to bottom;
the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the right storage area is sequentially provided with a second bean layer and a second gravel layer from top to bottom.
Further, the lengths of the left storage area, the middle storage area and the right storage area are 15+/-5 cm, 90+/-5 cm and 15+/-5 cm respectively, the heights are 80+/-5 cm, and the widths are 60+/-5 cm;
the thin soil layer in each mesh bag is set to be 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the first bean layer and the first gravel layer are 30+/-5 cm and 20+/-5 cm respectively;
the thicknesses of the first sand layer, the zeolite layer and the gravel layer are 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm respectively;
the thicknesses of the second sand layer, the fly ash layer and the bean layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the second stone layer 531 and the second gravel layer 532 are 20+ -5 cm, 30+ -5 cm, respectively. Further, a first water inlet valve and a second water inlet valve are respectively arranged on the first water inlet pipe and the second water inlet pipe;
the first water outlet pipeline, the second water outlet pipe and the third water outlet pipe are respectively provided with a first water outlet valve, a second water outlet valve and a third water outlet valve;
the apertures of the first water inlet, the second water inlet, the first water outlet, the second water outlet and the third water outlet are all 1.5cm plus or minus 0.1mm, and the aperture of the through hole arranged on the partition plate is 2mm plus or minus 0.1mm.
Furthermore, emergent aquatic plants are also arranged on each thin soil layer;
the mesh bags are nylon mesh bags, the maximum diameter of mesh holes of the nylon mesh bags is 1.5mm plus or minus 0.1mm, and each nylon mesh bag is also provided with a nylon hand strap;
the division plate is a PVC plate.
The multifunctional wetland simulation method for purifying the polluted water body is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: firstly, respectively placing three mesh bags in a left storage area, a middle storage area and a right storage area, and then filling a matrix layer and a thin soil layer in each mesh bag from bottom to top, wherein the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags in the middle storage area are selected according to the characteristics of a polluted water body;
step two: the first water inlet pipe is independently connected, so that the polluted water body distributes water to the surfaces of the thin soil layers of the three storage areas through the water distribution unit, the water distribution volume is 80% -90% of the volume of the organic glass tank, and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated;
after the water distribution is finished, the polluted water body is subjected to residence purification in the organic glass tank according to the designed hydraulic residence time, and then a third water outlet pipe is connected, so that the purified water body is discharged from the third water outlet pipe;
step three: closing the first water inlet pipe and the third water outlet pipe, dismantling the water distribution unit, independently connecting the first water inlet pipe, enabling the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a thin soil layer of a left storage area, purifying the polluted water body through a matrix layer and the thin soil layer in three treatment areas, wherein the volume of the polluted water body is 80% -90% of the volume of the organic glass tank, and simulating the surface flow artificial wetland;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then a first water outlet pipe is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the first water outlet pipe;
step four: closing the first water inlet pipe and the first water outlet pipe, and independently connecting the second water inlet pipe to enable the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a matrix layer of a left storage area, so that the polluted water body is purified through the matrix layers and thin soil layers in three treatment areas, the volume of the polluted water body is 80% -90% of the volume of the organic glass tank, and the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then the second water outlet pipe is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the second water outlet pipe.
In the first step, according to the characteristics of the polluted water body, the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags in the middle storage area are selected as follows:
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 40-80 mg/l, a matrix layer in a mesh bag of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a first sand layer, a zeolite layer and a gravel layer from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the first sand layer, the zeolite layer and the gravel layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 8-15 mg/l, a matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a second sand soil layer, a fly ash layer and a bean stone layer from top to bottom, wherein the thicknesses of the second sand soil layer, the fly ash layer and the bean stone layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
when the organic matter content in the water body is 400-1000 mg/l, a third sand soil layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer can be respectively arranged in the medium storage area net bag from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm.
Further, the designed hydraulic retention time t in the second to fourth steps is calculated according to the following formula:
t＝v×ε/Q
wherein: v volume of plexiglass box (m 3 )
Epsilon is the wetland porosity of the wetland simulation system, wherein the wetland porosity is the ratio of the matrix pores in the wetland to the volume of the box body;
q: average flow (m) of contaminated water body 3 /d)。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying the polluted water body is simple to operate and convenient to maintain, and can simulate the running conditions of three artificial wetland systems of surface flow, horizontal subsurface flow and vertical subsurface flow by separating holes of the organic glass box and combining a matrix layer and a thin soil layer arranged in each storage area; meanwhile, by opening different water inlets and water outlets, the switching and flexible adjustment among different constructed wetland processes can be realized, and the requirements of the omnibearing simulation test on the constructed wetland system before the river basin water body treatment design are met.
2. The multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying the polluted water body is characterized in that a left storage area is used for physically filtering the polluted water body to solidify large-particle suspended matters in the polluted water body, a middle storage area is used as a main reaction area of the wetland simulation system, biochemical reaction places are mainly provided in the areas, stable and large-area reaction areas are provided, a right storage area is used for adsorbing and purifying fallen leaf pollutants of plant roots in the system, and an optimized constructed wetland system structure is simulated through cooperative cooperation of the three storage areas. In addition, the monitoring port arranged on the organic glass box can monitor the purification condition of the polluted water body at any time according to requirements, so that parameters such as hydraulic load, hydraulic retention time, wetland area, matrix porosity and the like can be conveniently adjusted, the wetland simulation test is more accurate and scientific, and the accurate control of the design parameters of the constructed wetland is facilitated.
3. According to the multifunctional wetland simulation method for purifying the polluted water body, the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags can be replaced according to the test requirements, the types and the filling thicknesses of the matrixes corresponding to the polluted water body are selected in a targeted manner, an effective path is provided for screening and anti-blocking experimental simulation of the matrixes of the artificial wetland, and the effect and the test efficiency of the simulation test are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a matrix layer distribution diagram of a multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the monitoring ports and emergent aquatic plants in a multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a polluted water body according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a left side view of fig. 3.
In the figure:
1-an organic glass box;
2-left storage area, 21-first water inlet, 22-second water inlet, 23-first water inlet pipe, 231-first water inlet valve, 24-second water inlet pipe, 241-second water inlet valve;
3-a middle storage area, 31-a first water outlet, 32-a second water outlet, 33-a third water outlet, 34-a first water outlet pipe, 341-a first water outlet valve, 35-a second water outlet pipe, 351-a second water outlet valve, 36-a third water outlet pipe, 361-a third water outlet valve;
4-right side storage area;
5-matrix layer, 511-first bean layer, 512-first gravel layer, 521-first sand layer, 522-zeolite layer, 523-gravel layer, 531-second bean layer, 532-second gravel layer 532;
6-a thin soil layer;
7-water distribution units, 71-water distribution main pipes and 72-water distribution branch pipes;
8-monitoring ports, 9-emergent aquatic plants, 10-net bags, 11-nylon hand-held belts and 12-partition plates.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments do not limit the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying a polluted water body in the present embodiment comprises a plexiglass tank 1 and two partition plates 12 vertically arranged in the plexiglass tank 1;
the two partition plates 12 are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes, and the two partition plates 12 divide the organic glass box 1 into three storage areas, namely a left storage area 2, a middle storage area 3 and a right storage area 4; a mesh bag 10 matched with the space of the storage area is arranged in each storage area, a matrix layer 5 and a thin soil layer 6 are sequentially filled in each mesh bag 10 from bottom to top, the thickness of the matrix layer 5 in each mesh bag is the same, and the thickness of the thin soil layer 6 in each mesh bag 10 is the same;
the matrix layer 5 in the mesh bag of the left storage area is provided with a first bean layer 511 and a first gravel layer 512 from top to bottom in sequence;
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 40-80 mg/l, the matrix layer 5 in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be provided with the first sand layer 521, the zeolite layer 522 and the gravel layer 523 from top to bottom,
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 8-15 mg/l, the matrix layer 5 in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be provided with a second sand layer, a fly ash layer and a bean stone layer from top to bottom;
when the organic matter content in the polluted water body is 400-1000 mg/l, the matrix layer 5 in the mesh bag of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a third sand layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer from top to bottom;
the matrix layer 5 in the mesh bag of the right storage area is provided with a second stone layer 531 and a second gravel layer 532 in this order from top to bottom.
The lengths of the left storage area 2, the middle storage area 3 and the right storage area 4 are 15cm, 90cm and 15cm respectively, the heights are 80cm, and the widths are 60m;
the thin soil layer in each mesh bag is set to be 10cm;
the thicknesses of the first stone layer 511 and the first gravel layer 512 are 30cm and 20cm, respectively;
the thicknesses of the first sand layer 521, the zeolite layer 522 and the gravel layer 523 are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10cm;
the thicknesses of the second sand layer, the fly ash layer and the bean layer are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10cm;
the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10cm;
the thicknesses of the second stone layer 531 and the second gravel layer 532 are 20cm and 30cm, respectively.
A first water inlet 21 and a second water inlet 22 are sequentially arranged on the left side wall of the left storage area 2 from top to bottom, and a first water inlet pipe 23 and a second water inlet pipe 24 are respectively connected to the first water inlet 21 and the second water inlet 22; the first water inlet 21 is formed above the thin soil layer 6, and the second water inlet 22 is formed in the middle of the matrix layer 5; the first water inlet 21 is 60cm away from the bottom of the tank, and the second water inlet 22 is 30cm away from the bottom of the tank.
A first water outlet 31, a second water outlet 32 and a third water outlet 33 are sequentially arranged in the middle of the right side wall of the right side storage area 4 from top to bottom, and a first water outlet pipe 34, a second water outlet 35 and a third water outlet 36 are respectively connected to the first water outlet 31, the second water outlet 32 and the third water outlet 33; the first water outlet 31 is arranged above the thin soil layer 6, the second water outlet 32 is arranged in the middle of the matrix layer 5 and is horizontally positioned the same as the second water inlet 22, and the third water outlet 33 is arranged at the lower part of the matrix layer 5; the first water outlet 31 is 60cm away from the bottom of the tank, the second water outlet 32 is 30cm away from the bottom of the tank, and the third water outlet 33 is 5cm away from the bottom of the tank.
A water distribution unit is arranged above the thin soil layer 6 in the three storage areas, a water inlet of the water distribution unit is communicated with the first water inlet 21, and the water distribution unit is used for distributing water to the thin soil layer 6.
The organic glass box 1 is provided with 16 monitoring ports 8, the 16 monitoring ports 8 are distributed in 4 rows, the first row is 13cm away from the left side of the box body, the second row is 30cm away from the first row, the third row is 30cm away from the second row, the fourth row is 30cm away from the third row, and the third row is 13cm away from the right side of the box body. The up-down interval of the monitoring ports in the same column is 15cm.
The water distribution unit comprises a main water distribution pipe 71 and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes 72 uniformly distributed on the main water distribution pipe 71; one port of the main water distribution pipe 71 is communicated with the first water inlet 21, the other port is closed, one end of each branch water distribution pipe 72 is communicated with the main water distribution pipe 71, the other end of each branch water distribution pipe 72 is closed, and a plurality of water outlets are uniformly distributed on each branch water distribution pipe 72.
The first water inlet pipe 23 and the second water inlet pipe 24 are respectively provided with a first water inlet valve 231 and a second water inlet valve 241;
the first water outlet pipeline 34, the second water outlet pipe 35 and the third water outlet pipe 36 are respectively provided with a first water outlet valve 341, a second water outlet valve 351 and a third water outlet valve 361;
the apertures of the first water inlet 21, the second water inlet 22, the first water outlet 31, the second water outlet 32 and the third water outlet 33 are all 1.5cm, and the aperture of the through hole arranged on the partition plate is 2mm.
An emergent aquatic plant 9 is also arranged on each thin soil layer;
the net bags are nylon net bags, the maximum diameter of mesh holes of the nylon net bags is 1.5mm, and each nylon net bag is also provided with a nylon hand strap;
PVC plates are selected as the partition plates, and the thickness of the partition plates is 2mm.
The embodiment also provides a multifunctional wetland simulation method for purifying a polluted water body, which comprises the following steps:
step one: firstly, three mesh bags 10 are respectively placed in a left storage area 2, a middle storage area 3 and a right storage area 4, and then each mesh bag is filled with a matrix layer 5 and a thin soil layer 6 from bottom to top, wherein the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags 10 in the middle storage area are selected according to the characteristics of polluted water;
step two: the first water inlet pipe 23 is independently connected, so that the polluted water body distributes water to the surfaces of the thin soil layers of the three storage areas through the water distribution unit 7, the water distribution volume is 80% of the volume of the organic glass tank 1, and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated;
after the water distribution is finished, the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank 1 according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then the third water outlet pipe 36 is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the third water outlet pipe 36;
step three: closing the first water inlet pipe 23 and the third water outlet pipe 36, dismantling the water distribution unit 7, and independently connecting the water distribution unit 7 with the first water inlet pipe 23 to enable the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a thin soil layer in a left storage area, and enable the polluted water body to be purified under the combined action of a matrix layer, the thin soil layer and emergent aquatic plants 9 in three treatment areas, wherein the volume of the polluted water body is 80% of the volume of the organic glass tank 1, and the surface flow artificial wetland is simulated;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank 1 according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then the first water outlet pipe 34 is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the first water outlet pipe 34;
step four: closing the first water inlet pipe 23 and the first water outlet pipe 34, independently connecting the second water inlet pipe 24, enabling the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a substrate layer of a left storage area, purifying the polluted water body under the combined action of the substrate layer, a thin soil layer and emergent aquatic plants 9 in three treatment areas, wherein the volume of the polluted water body is 80% of the volume of the organic glass box 1, and simulating the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank 1 according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then the second water outlet pipe 35 is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the second water outlet pipe.
The design hydraulic retention time t is calculated according to the following formula:
t＝v×ε/Q
wherein: v. volume (m) of plexiglass box (1) 3 )
Epsilon is the wetland porosity of the wetland simulation system, wherein the wetland porosity is the ratio of the matrix pores in the wetland to the volume of the box body;
q: average flow (m) of contaminated water body 3 /d)。
According to the characteristics of the polluted water body, the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags in the middle storage area are selected as follows:
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 50mg/l, a matrix layer in a mesh bag of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a first sand layer 521, a zeolite layer 522 and a gravel layer 523 from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the first sand layer 521, the zeolite layer 522 and the gravel layer 523 are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10cm;
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 9mg/l, the matrix layers in the mesh bags of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a second sand layer, a fly ash layer and a bean layer from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the second sand layer, the fly ash layer and the bean layer are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10m;
when the organic matter content in the polluted water body is 600mg/l, the matrix layers in the mesh bags of the middle storage area can be respectively provided with a third sand soil layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20cm, 20cm and 10cm.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the present invention and the accompanying drawings, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying a polluted water body, which is characterized in that:
comprises a organic glass box (1) and two separation plates (12) vertically arranged in the organic glass box (1);
a plurality of through holes are formed in the two partition plates (12), and the two partition plates (12) divide the organic glass box (1) into three storage areas, namely a left storage area (2), a middle storage area (3) and a right storage area (4); a mesh bag (10) matched with the space of the storage area is arranged in each storage area, a matrix layer (5) and a thin soil layer (6) are sequentially filled in each mesh bag (10) from bottom to top, the thickness of the matrix layer (5) in each mesh bag (10) is the same, and the thickness of the thin soil layer (6) in each mesh bag (10) is the same;
a first water inlet (21) and a second water inlet (22) are sequentially formed in the left side wall of the left storage area (2) from top to bottom, and a first water inlet pipe (23) and a second water inlet pipe (24) are respectively connected to the first water inlet (21) and the second water inlet (22); the first water inlet (21) is formed above the thin soil layer (6), and the second water inlet (22) is formed in the middle of the matrix layer (5);
a first water outlet (31), a second water outlet (32) and a third water outlet (33) are sequentially arranged on the right side wall of the right side storage area (4) from top to bottom, and a first water outlet pipe (34), a second water outlet pipe (35) and a third water outlet pipe (36) are respectively connected to the first water outlet (31), the second water outlet (32) and the third water outlet (33); the first water outlet (31) is arranged above the thin soil layer (6), the second water outlet (32) is arranged in the middle of the matrix layer (5) and is in the same horizontal position as the second water inlet (22), and the third water outlet (33) is arranged at the lower part of the matrix layer (5);
a water distribution unit is arranged above the thin soil layer (6) in the three storage areas, a water inlet of the water distribution unit is communicated with the first water inlet (21), and the water distribution unit is used for distributing water to the thin soil layer (6);
the matrix layer (5) in the mesh bag of the left storage area (2) is sequentially provided with a first bean layer (511) and a first gravel layer (512) from top to bottom;
the type of the matrix layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area (3) is selected as follows:
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 40-80 mg/l, a matrix layer (5) in the mesh bag of the middle storage area is provided with a first sand layer (521), a zeolite layer (522) and a gravel layer (523) from top to bottom;
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 8-15 mg/l, a matrix layer (5) in the mesh bag of the middle storage area is provided with a second sand layer, a fly ash layer and a bean stone layer from top to bottom;
when the organic matter content in the polluted water body is 400-1000 mg/l, a matrix layer (5) in the mesh bag of the middle storage area is respectively provided with a third sand layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer from top to bottom;
the matrix layer (5) in the mesh bag of the right storage area (4) is sequentially provided with a second bean layer (531) and a second gravel layer (532) from top to bottom;
the lengths of the left storage area (2), the middle storage area (3) and the right storage area (4) are 15+/-5 cm, 90+/-5 cm and 15+/-5 cm respectively, the heights are 80+/-5 cm, and the widths are 60+/-5 cm;
the thin soil layer in each mesh bag (10) is set to be 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the first bean layer (511) and the first gravel layer (512) are 30+/-5 cm and 20+/-5 cm respectively;
the thicknesses of the first sand layer (521), the zeolite layer (522) and the gravel layer (523) are 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm respectively;
the thicknesses of the second sand layer, the fly ash layer and the bean layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
the thicknesses of the second bean layer (531) and the second gravel layer (532) are 20+/-5 cm and 30+/-5 cm respectively.
2. A multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 1, wherein:
the organic glass box (1) is provided with a plurality of monitoring ports (8), and the monitoring ports (8) are uniformly distributed on the front end surfaces of the left storage area (2), the middle storage area (3) and the right storage area (4).
3. A multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 2, wherein:
the water distribution unit comprises a water distribution main pipe (71) and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes (72) uniformly distributed on the water distribution main pipe (71); one port of the main water distribution pipe (71) is communicated with the first water inlet (21), the other port is closed, one end of each branch water distribution pipe (72) is communicated with the main water distribution pipe (71), the other end of each branch water distribution pipe is closed, and a plurality of water outlets are uniformly distributed on each branch water distribution pipe (72).
4. A multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
a first water inlet valve (231) and a second water inlet valve (241) are respectively arranged on the first water inlet pipe (23) and the second water inlet pipe (24);
the first water outlet pipe (34), the second water outlet pipe (35) and the third water outlet pipe (36) are respectively provided with a first water outlet valve (341), a second water outlet valve (351) and a third water outlet valve (361);
the aperture of the first water inlet (21), the second water inlet (22), the first water outlet (31), the second water outlet (32) and the third water outlet (33) is 1.5cm plus or minus 0.1cm, and the aperture of the through hole arranged on the partition plate (12) is 2mm plus or minus 0.1mm.
5. A multi-functional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 4, wherein:
emergent aquatic plants (9) are also arranged on each thin soil layer;
the net bags (10) are nylon net bags, the maximum diameter of mesh holes of the nylon net bags is 1.5mm plus or minus 0.1mm, and each nylon net bag is also provided with a nylon hand strap (11);
the division plate is a PVC plate.
6. A method of multifunctional wetland simulation for purifying a contaminated water body, wherein the multifunctional wetland simulation system for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 1 is used, comprising the steps of:
step one: firstly, three mesh bags (10) are respectively placed in a left storage area (2), a middle storage area (3) and a right storage area (4), then a matrix layer (5) and a thin soil layer (6) are filled in each mesh bag from bottom to top, wherein the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bags (10) in the middle storage area are selected according to the characteristics of a polluted water body;
step two: the first water inlet pipe (23) is independently connected, so that the polluted water body distributes water to the surfaces of the thin soil layers (6) of the three storage areas through the water distribution unit (7), the water distribution volume is 80% -90% of the volume of the organic glass tank (1), and the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated;
after the water distribution is finished, the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank (1) according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then a third water outlet pipe (36) is connected, so that the purified water body is discharged from the third water outlet pipe (36);
step three: closing a first water inlet pipe (23) and a third water outlet pipe (36), dismantling a water distribution unit (7), independently connecting the first water inlet pipe (23), enabling the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a thin soil layer in a left storage area, purifying the polluted water body through a matrix layer and the thin soil layer in three treatment areas, wherein the volume of the polluted water body is 80-90% of the volume of an organic glass box (1), and simulating a surface flow constructed wetland;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank (1) according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then a first water outlet pipe (34) is connected, so that the purified water body is discharged from the first water outlet pipe;
step four: closing the first water inlet pipe (23) and the first water outlet pipe (34), and independently connecting the second water inlet pipe (24) to enable the polluted water body to enter a wetland simulation system from a substrate layer of a left storage area, so that the polluted water body is purified through the substrate layers and thin soil layers in three treatment areas, the volume of the polluted water body is 80-90% of the volume of the organic glass tank (1), and the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland is simulated;
the polluted water body is subjected to stay purification in the organic glass tank (1) according to the designed hydraulic retention time, and then the second water outlet pipe (35) is connected, so that the purified polluted water body is discharged from the second water outlet pipe (35).
7. A multi-functional wetland simulation method for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 6, wherein:
in the first step, according to the characteristics of the polluted water body, the types and the thicknesses of the matrix layers in the mesh bag (10) in the middle storage area are selected as follows:
when the ammonia nitrogen content in the polluted water body is 40-80 mg/l, a first sand layer (521), a zeolite layer (522) and a gravel layer (523) are respectively arranged on a matrix layer in a mesh bag of the middle storage area from top to bottom, wherein the thicknesses of the first sand layer (521), the zeolite layer (522) and the gravel layer (523) are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
when the phosphorus content in the polluted water body is 8-15 mg/l, a second sand layer, a fly ash layer and a bean layer are respectively arranged on the substrate layer in the mesh bag of the middle storage area from top to bottom, wherein the thicknesses of the second sand layer, the fly ash layer and the bean layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm;
when the organic matter content in the polluted water body is 400-1000 mg/l, a third sand soil layer, a volcanic rock layer and a broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively arranged in the medium storage area net bag from top to bottom, and the thicknesses of the third sand soil layer, the volcanic rock layer and the broken stone hollow brick layer are respectively 20+/-5 cm, 20+/-5 cm and 10+/-5 cm.
8. A multi-functional wetland simulation method for purifying a contaminated water body according to claim 6 or 7, wherein:
the design hydraulic retention time t in the second to fourth steps is calculated according to the following formula:
t＝v×ε/Q
wherein: v volume m of organic glass box (1) 3 ；
Epsilon: wetland porosity of a wetland simulation system;
q: average flow m of contaminated water body 3 /d。
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| CN100537452C (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2009-09-09 | 浙江师范大学 | Sewage treating artificial wet land method |
| CN100482601C (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2009-04-29 | 浙江大学 | Ventilating and baffling artificial wetland simulator |
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