CN113406876A - Continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method and system - Google Patents

Continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method and system Download PDF

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CN113406876A
CN113406876A CN202110679500.2A CN202110679500A CN113406876A CN 113406876 A CN113406876 A CN 113406876A CN 202110679500 A CN202110679500 A CN 202110679500A CN 113406876 A CN113406876 A CN 113406876A
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张首刚
李青林
云恩学
郝强
刘国宾
高玉平
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National Time Service Center of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a method and a system for continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection, which convert coherent bichromatic light into continuous circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, use the circularly polarized light as preparation light and use the circularly polarized light in a quantum resonance system87Rb atoms are interacted to complete the CPT state preparation in the first stage; linearly polarized light is used as detection light and is decomposed into left circularly polarized light
Figure DDA0003122334130000011
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure DDA0003122334130000012
Left-handed circularly polarized light
Figure DDA0003122334130000013
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure DDA0003122334130000014
In simultaneous and quantum resonance systemsIs/are as follows87Rb atoms interact with each other to respectively generate coherent constructive and coherent destructive quantum interference effects with a CPT state prepared by preparation light to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals are subtracted to obtain a differential CPT signal. The invention can improve the stability of the CPT atomic clock, and simultaneously, the device structure is more compact, and the system reliability is improved.

Description

Continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of precision measurement such as atomic clocks, magnetometers and quantum precision spectrums, in particular to a method and a system for preparing and differentially detecting a CPT state.
Background
Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) is a quantum interference effect, two ground states are coupled to the same excited state through interaction of coherent bicolor light and a quantum resonance system, and when the coherent bicolor light frequency difference is strictly equal to the transition frequency of the two ground states, the quantum resonance system is prepared to the CPT state. The quantum resonance system in the CPT state becomes transparent to incident light and no longer absorbs light. At the moment, the light intensity of the transmitted light is detected, a very narrow CPT resonance spectral line appears, and the spectral line can be applied to the precision measurement fields of atomic clocks, magnetometers, quantum precision spectrums and the like.
Taking a passive CPT atomic clock as an example, the passive CPT atomic clock based on the passive CPT atomic clock can realize miniaturization and even chip CPT atomic clock due to the characteristic that the passive CPT atomic clock does not need a microwave cavity, and is an ideal choice for the applications of next generation Beidou navigation, unmanned aerial vehicle cruising, portable GNSS receivers, submarines, underwater resource surveying and the like.
The current chip CPT atomic clock generally adopts a single circular polarization coherent bicolor light scheme, the atom utilization rate is low, the CPT contrast is low (about 1-5%, the contrast is defined as the ratio of the CPT signal amplitude to the background amplitude), and the frequency stability of the CPT atomic clock is limited to be E-10 tau to a certain extent-1/2The level of (c). In practical application, the CPT contrast ratio has a larger lifting space to meet the application of requiring volume, power consumption, weight limitation and higher precision time, such as micro-nano satellite networking formation, vehicle weapons, submarine and underwater resource survey, micro-PNT and the like.
The current high-performance CPT atomic clock adoptsThe CPT signal contrast ratio (more than or equal to 10 percent) can be improved by adopting the schemes of complicated vertical linear polarized light (lin) and push-pull optical pumping (PPOP), Double Modulation (DM) and the like, and the short-term frequency stability is E-13T-1/2The level of (c). Even so, the further improvement of the frequency stability of the CPT clock is limited because of the existence of larger common mode noise in the detection mode of light intensity change, such as laser intensity noise (AM noise), amplitude noise (FM-AM noise) caused by the amplitude jitter of laser frequency jitter converted by absorption spectral line, microwave power noise and the like, and the E-14 tau predicted by the shot noise limit of the CPT atomic clock is not reached yet-1/2The level of (c). In addition, the most advantage of the CPT clock, namely microminiaturization, is sacrificed due to the adoption of a more complex configuration and device.
Therefore, it is necessary to excavate and improve the performance limit potential of the CPT atomic clock, so that the CPT atomic clock approaches or even reaches the shot noise limit, and meanwhile, the high-performance CPT atomic clock is promoted to be miniaturized or even miniaturized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method, which can improve the stability of a CPT atomic clock, and meanwhile, the device structure is more compact, and the system reliability is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method converts coherent bichromatic light into continuous circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, uses the circularly polarized light as preparation light, and uses the circularly polarized light in a quantum resonance system87Rb atoms are interacted to complete the CPT state preparation in the first stage; linearly polarized light is used as detection light and is decomposed into left circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000021
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000022
Left-handed circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000023
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000024
In simultaneous and quantum resonance systems87Rb atoms interact with each other to respectively generate coherent constructive and coherent destructive quantum interference effects with a CPT state prepared by preparation light to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals are subtracted to obtain a differential CPT signal.
The invention provides a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polaroid, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, wherein a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive a DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the first polaroid, the linear polarization light is converted into preparation light with dextrorotation circular polarization through the quarter wave plate, and the linear polarization light is transmitted into the atomic gas chamber through the depolarization beam splitter prism and then enters the atomic gas chamber to be in combination with the atomic gas chamber for being in combination with the atomic gas chamber to be detected by the depolarization beam splitter prism87The Rb atoms interact to complete the preparation of the CPT state; and87the prepared light after the interaction of Rb atoms is converted into linearly polarized detection light by a second polarizing film, and the detection light is reflected by a reflector and enters an atom air chamber again to be interacted with87Rb atoms are interacted and then transmitted to a depolarization beam splitter prism, and the transmitted light of the detection light is spatially separated from the preparation light through the depolarization beam splitter prism; the transmitted light of the detection light passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the transmitted light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light pass through a first detector and a second detector respectively to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals are subtracted by a subtracter to obtain differential CPT signals.
The fast axis of the quarter-wave plate forms an included angle of minus 45 degrees with the polarization direction of the first polaroid.
The invention provides another continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source and a microwave signal sourceThe microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and the current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive the DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the polaroid, and the linear polarization light enters the atomic gas chamber and is mixed with the atomic gas chamber87Rb atoms interact, transmitted linearly polarized light is spatially separated into two beams through the depolarization beam splitter prism, one part of the transmitted linearly polarized light passes through the eighth wave plate and is reflected back by the reflector, and the transmitted linearly polarized light is converted into rightly circularly polarized light and then enters the atom air chamber and the atom air chamber again87(ii) an Rb interaction; and the other part of reflected light passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the reflected light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light respectively pass through a first detector and a second detector to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the two CPT signals are subtracted by a subtracter to obtain a differential CPT signal.
The fast axis of the eighth wave plate and the polarization direction of linearly polarized light form an included angle of-45 degrees.
The invention provides a third continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polaroid, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, wherein a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive a DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the polaroid, the linear polarization light is converted into right-handed circular polarization light through the first quarter wave plate, the right-handed circular polarization light is transmitted into the atomic gas chamber through the depolarization beam splitter prism and then enters the atomic gas chamber to be in combination with the atomic gas chamber to be detected with the microwave coupler Bias the subtracter87Rb atoms interact, the emergent dextrorotatory circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light again through a second quarter-wave plate, and the linearly polarized light is divided into transmitted detection light and reflected light through a second polarization beam splitter prism; reflected lightAfter sequentially passing through the first reflector, the second half-wave plate, the second polaroid, the second reflector and the depolarization beam splitter prism, the reflected light enters the atomic gas chamber and87rb atoms interact again, wherein the depolarization beam splitter prism, the second polarization beam splitter prism, the first reflector and the second reflector jointly form a reflection loop system for two times of co-directional transmission, linearly polarized light transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter prism is used as detection light and passes through the half wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the linearly polarized light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light pass through the first detector and the second detector respectively to obtain CPT signals with coherent addition and coherent cancellation, and the difference CPT signals are obtained by subtracting the two CPT signals by the aid of the subtracter.
The fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate and the polarization direction of the polaroid form an included angle of-45 degrees, and the fast axis of the second quarter-wave plate and the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate are mutually orthogonal.
The invention provides a fourth continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polarizing plate, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, wherein a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive a DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bichromatic light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bichromatic light is converted into linear polarization light through the polarizing plate, the linear polarization light is divided into two linear polarization light after passing through a second half wave plate and a second polarization beam splitter prism, and the transmitted linear polarization light directly enters the atomic gas chamber and is divided into two linear polarization light beams through the second half wave plate and the second polarization beam splitter prism, and the transmitted linear polarization light directly enters the atomic gas chamber and the second polarization beam splitter prism87Rb atom interactions; the other beam of reflected linearly polarized light is converted into dextrorotatory circularly polarized light after sequentially passing through the first reflector, the second reflector and the first quarter-wave plate, and then enters the atomic gas chamber and the atomic gas chamber again after being reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism87Rb atoms, wherein the second polarizing beam splitter prism, the first reflector, the second reflector and the depolarizing beam splitter prism together form a backward propagating reflective loop system, and the forward directionThe transmitted linear polarized light is transmitted by the depolarization beam splitter prism and then is used as detection light to pass through a half wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the linear polarized light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light respectively pass through a first detector and a second detector to obtain CPT signals with coherent addition and coherent cancellation, and the two CPT signals are subtracted by a subtracter to obtain a difference CPT signal.
The fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate forms an included angle of-45 degrees with linearly polarized light.
The microwave signal is87Integer multiple of frequency difference between two hyperfine energy levels of Rb atom ground state, or omegahfsand/N, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the CPT state prepared by the probe light and the preparation light can generate coherent constructive and coherent destructive quantum interference effects, and CPT signals in an Electromagnetic Induction Transparent (EIT) form and an Electromagnetic Induction Absorption (EIA) form can be obtained.
And 2, subtracting the CPT signals in the EIT form and the EIA form to obtain a differential CPT signal, greatly reducing the background noise contributed by detuning light which does not interact with working atoms in a coherent multicolor light source in the CPT signal by utilizing differential detection, effectively reducing common mode noise such as amplitude noise (FM-AM) and the like of laser frequency fluctuation converted by absorption spectral lines, increasing the contrast ratio of the CPT signal, and contributing to improving the stability of the CPT atomic clock.
3. And the scheme of continuous single circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light in the time domain is realized only by simple optical components such as a lambda/4 wave plate, a polarizing plate, a beam splitting prism, a reflecting mirror and the like. Compared to schemes discontinuous in the time domain obtained by modulation. The invention of the application does not need complex time sequence design, has low requirements on a signal acquisition card, and can obtain CPT signals with high contrast and signal-to-noise ratio by using an analog modulation and demodulation method.
4. The system mainly adopts a passive optical component to replace an active device to form a device of a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system. The whole system structure is easy to miniaturize and even chip, the reliability is high, and the miniaturized high-performance CPT atomic clock can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system provided by the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of various systems for realizing continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection provided by the present invention, wherein, (a) is a diagram of a system with a backward propagation configuration for forward circularly polarized light and backward linearly polarized light, (b) is a diagram of a system with a backward propagation configuration for backward circularly polarized light and forward linearly polarized light, (c) is a diagram of a system with a same propagation configuration for forward circularly polarized light and forward linearly polarized light, and (d) is a diagram of a system with a backward propagation configuration for backward circularly polarized light and forward linearly polarized light;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the energy configuration provided by the present invention, wherein (a) is the energy configuration diagram of the preparation phase (first phase) of the CPT state, and (b) is the energy configuration diagram of the detection phase (second phase) of the CPT state;
fig. 4 is a diagram of an exemplary CPT differential signal provided by the present invention, wherein (a) is a diagram of exemplary EIT and EIA signals, and (b) is a diagram of exemplary differential CPT signals;
in the figure, 1-a direct current power supply, 2-a microwave signal source, 3-a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, 4-a laser, 5-a first polarizer, 6-a first quarter wave plate, 7-a depolarizing beam splitter prism, 8-an atomic gas cell, 9-a second polarizer, 10-a first mirror, 11-a first half wave plate, 12-a first polarizing beam splitter prism, 13-a first detector, 14-a second detector, 15-a subtracter, 16-an eighth wave plate, 17-a second quarter wave plate, 18-a second polarizing beam splitter prism, 19-a second half wave plate, 20-a second mirror.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The invention provides a method and a system for continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection, which respectively generate continuous circular polarization coherent bichromatic light and linear polarization coherent bichromatic light by utilizing optical components such as a lambda/4 wave plate, a polarizing plate, a beam splitting prism, a reflecting mirror and the like. The circular polarization coherent bichromatic light is used as preparation light and interacts with atoms in the quantum resonance system to complete the CPT state preparation. The linear polarization coherent bichromatic light is used as detection light and can be decomposed into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, and the left-handed circularly polarized light and the right-handed circularly polarized light interact with a quantum resonance system at the same time to respectively generate quantum interference effects of coherent addition and coherent cancellation with a CPT state prepared by the prepared light. The differential detection method is used for respectively detecting two components of transmitted light of detection light, CPT signals with coherent addition and coherent cancellation, namely signals in an Electromagnetic Induction Transparent (EIT) form and an Electromagnetic Induction Absorption (EIA) form, can be obtained, and the two signals are subtracted to obtain a differential CPT signal. The common-mode noise of the system can be effectively reduced by utilizing differential detection, compared with the traditional single circularly polarized light scheme, the signal contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio of the CPT atomic clock are improved by more than one magnitude, and the CPT atomic clock can be used for improving the stability of the CPT atomic clock; compared with other high-performance complex configurations, the compact device configuration is provided, has advantages in volume and power consumption, is high in reliability, and can solve the bottleneck of miniaturization and microminiaturization of the high-performance CPT atomic clock. The light and the quantum resonance system can interact with each other for many times, so that the contrast ratio of the CPT signal is greatly improved, the CPT signal has the advantages of low common-mode noise, miniaturization and the like, and can be applied to high-performance CPT atomic clocks, magnetometers, precise spectrums and the like.
The invention provides a continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection method. Coherent bicolor light in coherent polychromatic light generated by a coherent light source device is converted into continuous circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light by an optical component (beam splitter 1). The circularly polarized light can be left circularly polarized light or right circularly polarized light, and the embodiment uses right circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000061
For example. The right-handed circularly polarized light is used as the preparation light in the quantum resonance system87Rb atoms interact to complete the first stage of preparing the CPT state.
Linearly polarized light is used as detection light and can be decomposed into left-handed circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000062
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure BDA0003122334110000063
They are simultaneously in quantum resonance systems87The Rb atoms interact with the CPT state prepared by the preparation light to respectively generate coherent constructive and coherent destructive quantum interference effects.
The right-handed circularly polarized light (linearly polarized light) in the system is linearly polarized light (right-handed circularly polarized light) obtained through a reflection loop formed by optical components such as the beam splitter 1 and the beam splitter 2. The detection light and the preparation light obtained in the method are spatially coincident in a quantum resonance system, and the two beams of light can propagate in the same direction or in opposite directions, wherein the propagation direction depends on the arrangement of an optical component. According to the difference between the two beams of light propagating in the same direction or in opposite directions, the first linearly polarized light and the second circularly polarized light, or the first linearly polarized light and the second linearly polarized light, four common reflection circuits can be formed by the optical components such as the beam splitter 1 and the beam splitter 2, as shown in (a) to (d) of fig. 2.
Via the beam splitter, the probe light is spatially separated from the preparation light by the transmitted light of the quantum resonance system. The transmitted light of the spatially separated detection light is separated into orthogonal polarization components by another polarization beam splitter, the two components are respectively detected by a balanced detector and signals of the two components are collected and processed, so that coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, namely signals in an Electromagnetic Induction Transparency (EIT) form and an Electromagnetic Induction Absorption (EIA) form, are obtained, and a difference CPT signal is obtained by subtracting the two signals.
The invention provides a system for preparing and differentially detecting various continuous CPT states, wherein one system is shown in figure 2(a), a microwave signal of 3.417GHz generated by a microwave signal source 2 and the current of a direct current power supply 1 are coupled through a microwave coupler Bias-Tee 3 to drive a DBR laser 4 to generate linearly polarized coherent polychromatic light with the wavelength of 795 nm. Wherein the microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source 2 may be87Frequency difference (omega) between two hyperfine energy levels of Rb atom ground statehfs) Integer multiple of (c), also can be omegahfs/2，ωhfs/3，ωhfs/4 …, in this example, take ωhfsAnd/2, namely 3.417 GHz. Because the laser uses omega hfs2 direct modulation, so only + -1 order of coherent polychromatic light is generatedThe sideband light is the desired coherent polychromatic light (the output of the laser is coherent polychromatic light, which is contained within the coherent polychromatic light, and only the polychromatic light will be coupled with87The Rb atoms interact with each other and other components in polychromatic light exist as background light, which does not contribute to the experiment. ). The double-color light is converted into linearly polarized light through the first polaroid 5, the light intensity of the linearly polarized light can be adjusted, and the part generating the coherent linearly polarized light is called a linear polarization coherent double-color light source subsystem.
Wherein the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate 6 forms an angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the first polarizer 5. Linearly polarized light is converted into rightly circularly polarized preparation light through the first quarter-wave plate 6, and the preparation light is transmitted into the atomic gas chamber 8 and the atomic gas chamber 8 through the depolarization beam splitter prism 787The Rb atoms interact to complete the preparation of the CPT state. And87the preparation light after the interaction of Rb atoms is converted into linear polarized detection light by the second polarizer 9, and is reflected by the first reflector 10 to enter the atom air chamber 8 and the atom air chamber87The Rb atoms interact.
For ease of description, the circularly polarized coherent dichroic light (preparation light) and87the process of Rb atom interaction to prepare the CPT state is referred to as the first stage; coherent bichromatic light (probe light) of linear polarization87The process by which the Rb atoms interact and quantum interference effects of coherent constructive and coherent destructive are known as the second stage.
In the first stage, as shown in FIG. 3(a), taking the example of producing light as a right-handed circularly polarized coherent bichromatic light, it will couple the two ground states |1>And |2>Coupled to a common excited state |3>I.e. by
Figure BDA0003122334110000071
A CPT resonance in the Λ configuration is formed. When the frequency difference of the coherent bichromatic light is strictly equal to87Spacing (omega) between two hyperfine energy levels of the ground state of Rb atomshfs) Meanwhile, the atomic system is prepared to the CPT state, namely, the atoms are arranged and trapped on the ground state, namely, the coherent dark state, and the incident light is not absorbed any more, which is expressed as transmission enhancement, and the preparation of the CPT state in the first stage is completed.
In the second stage, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the linearly polarized phaseDry dual color light (probe light) and87the Rb atom system interacts. The linearly polarized probe light can be decomposed into left and right hand circularly polarized components which simultaneously interact with the quantum resonance system to form two CPT resonances of 'lambda' configuration, i.e. CPT resonances
Figure BDA0003122334110000072
And
Figure BDA0003122334110000073
from the Clebsch-Gordan coefficient of the relevant quantum transition and the polarization direction of the coherent bichromatic light, the CPT states prepared by the two 'Lambda' configurations are opposite in phase. Therefore, coherent constructive quantum interference effect, namely Electromagnetic Induction Transparency (EIT), is generated by the right-hand circularly polarized component of the probe light and the CPT state prepared by the right-hand circularly polarized preparation light; while the left-handed circularly polarized component produces a coherent destructive quantum interference effect, i.e., Electromagnetic Induced Absorption (EIA).
The quantum resonance system comprises a lambda-type CPT resonance energy level structure from two ground states to two excited states, and adopts H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Hg+、Ca+、Yb+、Ba+Or C-60 particles; the particles are in a gaseous hot atom, gaseous cold atom, gaseous atomic beam, ion, molecular, or plasma state. The quantum resonance system adopts passive CPT. The length of the interaction interval between the quantum system and the coherent bichromatic light is far less than the clock transition wavelength.
The probe light is spatially separated from the preparation light by the transmitted light of the quantum resonance system via a depolarizing beam splitter prism 7. The transmitted light of the spatially separated probe light, whose orthogonal polarization components are spatially separated, passes through the first half-wave plate 11 and the first polarization beam splitting prism 12. The two separated coherent light beams are detected by the first detector 13 and the second detector 14, respectively, so as to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the two CPT signals are subtracted by the subtracter 15 to obtain a differential CPT signal. The process of separating the spatial light polarization components and performing differential detection to obtain the differential CPT signal is referred to as a differential detection subsystem.
The circularly polarized preparation light and the parallel polarized probe light may be separate light sources or may be the same light source. When the preparation light and the detection light are the same light source, the light entering the quantum resonance system for the first time can be the preparation light or the detection light; the two beams of light can be transmitted in the same direction or in the opposite direction; one of the beams of light (probe or preparation) may be generated by acting on the other beam of light (preparation or probe) using a beam splitter or a mirror, or a combination thereof.
Under the condition of spatial coincidence, the detection light and the preparation light can pass through the quantum resonance system for many times and interact with the quantum resonance system for many times, so that the utilization efficiency of the quantum resonance system is increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio of CPT is improved.
Under the condition of spatial coincidence, the detection light and the preparation light can pass through the quantum resonance system for many times and interact with the quantum resonance system for many times, so that the utilization efficiency of the quantum resonance system is increased, and the signal-to-noise ratio of CPT is improved.
The obtained clock transition difference CPT signal is applied to a CPT atomic clock, the non-clock transition difference CPT signal is applied to an atomic magnetometer, and both the clock transition difference CPT signal and the non-clock transition difference CPT signal can be applied to atomic spectrum precision measurement.
The present invention provides a second continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system, as shown in fig. 2(b), in which the linear polarization coherent bicolor light source subsystem and the differential detection subsystem are identical to the subsystems shown in fig. 2 (a). Linearly polarized light generated by the linear polarization coherent bicolor light source subsystem enters the atomic gas chamber 8 as incident light87The Rb atoms interact. The transmitted linearly polarized light is spatially separated into two beams through the depolarization beam splitter prism 7, and a part of the transmitted linearly polarized light is sent into the eighth wave plate 16 and the first reflector 10 to be reflected back and then enters the atomic gas chamber 8 and87rb is interacted, wherein the fast axis of the eighth wave plate 16 and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light form an included angle of-45 degrees, the eighth wave plate 16 is converted into the rightly polarized light after twice, and the rightly polarized light enters the atomic air chamber 8 again and enters the atomic air chamber 887Rb interacts. The other part of the reflected light enters a differential detection subsystem which is jointly composed of a first one-half wave plate 11, a first polarization beam splitter prism 12, a first detector 13, a second detector 14 and a subtracter 15 to complete differential detectionAnd measuring to obtain a differential CPT signal.
Wherein in FIG. 2(b) the circularly polarized coherent bichromatic light (preparation light) and87preparation of CPT state and linear polarization coherent bichromatic light (probe light) by Rb atom interaction87The quantum interference effect process in which the Rb atoms interact and coherent constructive and coherent destructive effects occur is the same as the first and second stages of producing the CPT state described in fig. 2 (a).
The difference in said fig. 2(b) compared to the forward propagating circularly polarized light and the backward propagating linearly polarized light configurations in fig. 2(a) is that the system employs a forward propagating linearly polarized light and a backward propagating circularly polarized light configuration. The solution of fig. 2(b) is one of the alternative preferred solutions of fig. 2 (a).
The present invention provides a third continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system, as shown in fig. 2(c), the linear polarization coherent bicolor light source subsystem and the differential detection subsystem are identical to the subsystems shown in fig. 2 (a). Linearly polarized light generated by the linear polarization coherent two-color light source subsystem is converted into rightly circularly polarized light through the first quarter-wave plate 6, wherein the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate 6 forms an included angle of-45 degrees with the polarization direction of the first polarizer 5. The right-handed circularly polarized light is transmitted into an atomic gas chamber 8 through a depolarization beam splitter prism 7 and87the Rb atoms interact. The emergent dextrorotatory circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light again through the second quarter-wave plate 17, wherein the fast axis of the second quarter-wave plate 17 and the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate 6 are mutually orthogonal. The linearly polarized light is split into transmitted probe light and reflected light by the second polarizing beam splitter prism 18. The reflected light sequentially passes through the first reflector 10, the second half-wave plate 19, the second polaroid 9, the second reflector 20 and the depolarization beam splitter prism 7 and then is reflected into the atomic gas chamber and the atomic gas chamber87The Rb atoms interact again. The depolarizing beam splitter prism 7, the second polarising beam splitter prism 18, the first mirror 10 and the second mirror 20 together form a two-time co-propagating reflection loop system. At the moment, the clockwise circularly polarized light which is transmitted in the forward direction and the clockwise linearly polarized light are subjected to AND twice87The Rb atoms interact to complete the first and second stages of preparing the CPT state. Said is prepared byLinearly polarized light transmitted by the two polarization beam splitting prisms directly enters the same differential detection subsystem in the figure 2(a) as detection light to complete differential detection, and a differential CPT signal is obtained.
The difference in said fig. 2(c) is that the system adopts a configuration in which circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light travel in the same direction, compared to the configuration in fig. 2(a) in which circularly polarized light travels in the forward direction and linearly polarized light travels in the reverse direction. The solution of fig. 2(c) is one of the alternative preferred solutions of fig. 2 (a).
The present invention provides a fourth continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system, as shown in fig. 2(d), in which the linear polarization coherent bicolor light source subsystem and the differential detection subsystem are identical to the subsystems shown in fig. 2 (a). The linearly polarized light generated by the linear polarization coherent bicolor light source subsystem is divided into two beams of linearly polarized light after passing through the second half wave plate 19 and the second polarization beam splitter prism 18. The transmitted linearly polarized light directly enters the atomic gas chamber 887Rb atom interactions; the other beam of reflected linearly polarized light is converted into dextrorotatory circularly polarized light after sequentially passing through the first reflector 10, the second reflector 20 and the first quarter-wave plate 6, reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism 7 and then enters the atom air chamber 8 and the atom air chamber87The Rb atoms interact where the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate 6 makes an angle of-45 with linearly polarized light. Wherein the second polarization beam splitter prism 18, the first mirror 10, the second mirror 20 and the depolarizing beam splitter prism 7 together form a counter-propagating reflective loop system. At this time, the forward propagating linearly polarized light and the backward propagating right-handed circularly polarized light are twice and87the Rb atoms interact to complete the first and second stages of preparing the CPT state. The linearly polarized light propagating in the forward direction is transmitted by the depolarizing beam splitter prism 7 and then directly enters the same differential detection subsystem as that in fig. 2(a) as the detection light to complete differential detection.
The difference in said fig. 2(d) is that the system employs a forward propagating linearly polarized light and a reverse propagating circularly polarized light configuration, as compared to the forward propagating circularly polarized light and the reverse propagating linearly polarized light configuration in fig. 2 (a). The solution of fig. 2(d) is one of the alternative preferred solutions of fig. 2 (a).
Fig. 4 is a typical CPT differential signal obtained using the apparatus of embodiment fig. 2 (a). As can be seen from fig. 4(a) and (b), compared with the coherent constructive CPT signal in the form of EIT and the coherent destructive CPT signal in the form of EIA, the differential CPT signal obtained by subtracting the coherent constructive CPT signal and the coherent destructive CPT signal in the form of EIA has higher signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, and meanwhile, the suppression effect on common mode noise such as AM and FM-AM is obvious, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the CPT atomic clock.
Different from the situation that the CPT state cannot be prepared due to the fact that 'lambda' type in parallel linear polarized light is subjected to coherent cancellation, the passive optical component with high stability is adopted to replace an active modulator to creatively construct continuous dextrorotatory circular polarized light and linear polarized light twice and the CPT state in a time domain87Scheme for Rb atom interaction. The invention realizes coherent constructive and coherent destructive of two CPT states before and after, and then the differential CPT signal can be obtained by combining a differential detection method. The method does not need time sequence design and has lower requirement on the output end of the data acquisition card. And passive optical components are more stable than modulators. The invention not only can greatly eliminate the contribution of detuned light in coherent polychromatic light to the background noise of the CPT signal, but also can effectively inhibit common mode noise such as laser amplitude noise (AM) and amplitude noise (FM-AM) converted by laser frequency fluctuation through absorption spectral lines, increase the contrast of the CPT signal, contribute to improving the performance of the CPT atomic clock, and can be applied to the CPT atomic clock with miniaturization and even chip.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A method for continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection is characterized in that coherent bichromatic light is converted into continuous circularly polarized light and linearly polarized light, the circularly polarized light is used as preparation light, and the preparation light and the quantum resonance system are in resonance87Rb atoms are interacted to complete the CPT state preparation in the first stage; linearly polarized light is used as detection light and is decomposed into left lightCircularly polarized light
Figure FDA0003122334100000011
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure FDA0003122334100000012
Left-handed circularly polarized light
Figure FDA0003122334100000013
And right-handed circularly polarized light
Figure FDA0003122334100000014
In simultaneous and quantum resonance systems87Rb atoms interact with each other to respectively generate coherent constructive and coherent destructive quantum interference effects with a CPT state prepared by preparation light to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals are subtracted to obtain a differential CPT signal.
2. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method of claim 1, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polaroid, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, and is characterized in that a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive the DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the first polaroid, the linear polarization light is converted into preparation light with right-handed circular polarization through the quarter wave plate, and the linear polarization light is transmitted into the atomic gas chamber through the depolarization beam splitter prism and then is combined with the atomic gas chamber for detection87The Rb atoms interact to complete the preparation of the CPT state; and87the prepared light after the interaction of Rb atoms is converted into linearly polarized detection light by a second polarizing film, and the detection light is reflected by a reflector and enters an atom air chamber again to be interacted with87Rb atoms are interacted and transmitted to a depolarization beam splitter prism, and the transmitted light of the detection light is spatially separated from the preparation light through the depolarization beam splitter prism(ii) a The transmitted light of the detection light passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the transmitted light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light pass through a first detector and a second detector respectively to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals are subtracted by a subtracter to obtain differential CPT signals.
3. A continuous CPT state fabrication and differential detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fast axis of the quarter-wave plate is at an angle of-45 ° to the polarization direction of the first polarizer.
4. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method of claim 1 comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polarizing plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, and is characterized in that a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive the DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the polarizing plate, the linear polarization light enters an atomic gas chamber and the atomic gas chamber to be combined with the atomic gas chamber to form a CPT state detection system, and the linear polarization coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the polarizing plate87Rb atoms interact, transmitted linearly polarized light is spatially separated into two beams through the depolarization beam splitter prism, one part of the transmitted linearly polarized light passes through the eighth wave plate and is reflected back by the reflector, and the transmitted linearly polarized light is converted into rightly circularly polarized light and then enters the atom air chamber and the atom air chamber again87(ii) an Rb interaction; and the other part of reflected light passes through a half wave plate and a polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the reflected light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light respectively pass through a first detector and a second detector to obtain coherent constructive and coherent destructive CPT signals, and the two CPT signals are subtracted by a subtracter to obtain a differential CPT signal.
5. A continuous CPT state fabrication and differential detection system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fast axis of the one-eighth wave plate and the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light form an angle of-45 °.
6. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method of claim 1, which comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polarizing plate, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, and is characterized in that a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive the DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization light through the polarizing plate, the linear polarization light is converted into right-handed circular polarization light through a first quarter wave plate, the right-handed circular polarization light is transmitted into the atomic gas chamber through the depolarization beam splitter prism and then enters the atomic gas chamber to be mixed with the linear polarization beam splitter prism87Rb atoms interact, the emergent dextrorotatory circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light again through a second quarter-wave plate, and the linearly polarized light is divided into transmitted detection light and reflected light through a second polarization beam splitter prism; the reflected light sequentially passes through the first reflector, the second half-wave plate, the second polaroid, the second reflector and the depolarization beam splitter prism and then is reflected into the atomic gas chamber and the atomic gas chamber87Rb atoms interact again, wherein the depolarization beam splitter prism, the second polarization beam splitter prism, the first reflector and the second reflector jointly form a reflection loop system for two times of co-directional transmission, linearly polarized light transmitted by the second polarization beam splitter prism is used as detection light and passes through the half wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the linearly polarized light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light pass through the first detector and the second detector respectively to obtain CPT signals with coherent addition and coherent cancellation, and the difference CPT signals are obtained by subtracting the two CPT signals by the aid of the subtracter.
7. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate is at an angle of-45 ° to the polarization direction of the polarizer, and the fast axis of the second quarter-wave plate and the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate are orthogonal to each other.
8. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system for realizing the method of claim 1 comprises a direct current power supply, a microwave signal source, a microwave coupler Bias-Tee, a laser, a polarizing plate, a quarter wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter prism, an atomic gas chamber, a reflector, a half wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism, a detector and a subtracter, and is characterized in that a microwave signal generated by the microwave signal source and current provided by the direct current power supply are coupled through the microwave coupler Bias-Tee and then drive the DBR laser to generate linear polarization coherent bicolor light with the wavelength of 795nm, the coherent bicolor light is converted into linear polarization coherent bicolor light through the polarizing plate, the linear polarization light is divided into two linear polarization light after passing through a second half wave plate and a second polarization beam splitter prism, wherein the transmitted linear polarization light directly enters the atomic gas chamber and the second polarization beam splitter prism87Rb atom interactions; the other beam of reflected linearly polarized light is converted into dextrorotatory circularly polarized light after sequentially passing through the first reflector, the second reflector and the first quarter-wave plate, and then enters the atomic gas chamber and the atomic gas chamber again after being reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism87Rb atoms interact, wherein the second polarization beam splitter prism, the first reflector, the second reflector and the depolarization beam splitter prism jointly form a reflection loop system which is reversely transmitted, linearly polarized light which is transmitted in the forward direction is transmitted by the depolarization beam splitter prism and then serves as detection light to pass through the half wave plate and the polarization beam splitter prism, orthogonal polarization components of the linearly polarized light are spatially separated to obtain two beams of coherent light, the two beams of coherent light respectively pass through the first detector and the second detector to obtain CPT signals with coherent addition and coherent cancellation, and the difference CPT signals are obtained by subtracting the two CPT signals by utilizing a subtracter.
9. A continuous CPT state fabrication and differential detection system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate makes an angle of-45 ° with linearly polarized light.
10. A continuous CPT state preparation and differential detection system as claimed in claim 2, 4, 6 or 8 wherein the microwave signal is87Integer multiple of frequency difference between two hyperfine energy levels of Rb atom ground state, or omegahfsand/N, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
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