CN1134060A - Multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator - Google Patents

Abstract

A commutatorless DC generator with more output voltages has annular internal and external magnetic poles to form a uniform annular magnetic field. Its single-potential wires are parallelly then serially connected to constitute an annular armature, which rotates to cut magnetic force lines to generate stable constant current. Different voltages are obtained by tapping at different positions of single-potential wire. The magnetic field friction of armature in uniform magnetic field is very lower than counter-electromagnetic torque, so output power is greater than input mechanical power. Matched with DC motor, perpetual-motion generator or motor is created.

Description

Multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator

The present invention relates to a kind of generator, particularly DC generator.

Known DC generator is by the magnetic pole of stator, and the armature of rotor and commutator are formed.The magnetic pole of stator is called a pair of by the South Pole and the arctic, generally be made up of a pair of above magnetic pole in the machine.Magnetic field is the synonyms pole relation that the South Pole and the arctic alternately occur along stator circumference, and armature is embedded in the rotor core groove, rotates in the magnetic field that magnetic pole of the stator constitutes, and cutting magnetic line produces electric current.Constitute because magnetic field is the north and south synonyms pole, the rotation direction unanimity produces the alternation pulsating current.The pulsation alternating current is transformed into direct current through commutator.

Known this DC generator has reversible usability.Because adopt the mechanical commutation apparatus, complex structure often is in high-speed friction condition, thus wearing and tearing and to be burnt out by electric current be inevitably, and be difficult to bear high-voltage large current, often need repairing.Armature rotor and iron core rotate in stator field, produce alternating current and electromagnetic torque, electromagnetic torque always hinders the positive movement of rotor, alternating current produces eddy current loss in rotor core, the rotor core of alternating magnetic field remagnetization produces magnetic hysteresis loss, thereby having reduced the operating efficiency of generator, electromotive power output always is less than or equal to the input mechanical output, is difficult for overcoming.

Purpose of the present invention promptly is to provide a kind of DC generator, and described DC generation function overcomes the shortcoming of known DC generator, has result of use preferably.

For achieving the above object, the solution of the present invention is: the internal magnetic pole of designed DC generator is a circumferential, and outer magnetic pole also is a circumferential, and two synonyms poles are nested together, and is the U annular magnetic line of force in the gap and is the uniform magnetic field that the spoke shape distributes, approximate uniform magnetic field; Straight lead 180 degree of one eradication edge turn back and are two-section, one is truncated into potential lines, another is truncated into electric current line (electric current line external application magnetic screen) and constitutes single electromotive force lead, single electromotive force lead is composed in series the annular armature side by side, the annular armature rotates in the annular uniform magnetic field, the even strong magnetic line of force of cutting produces electromotive force, produces steady current, externally exports through lead; Externally export in different single electromotive force lead place's taps, be different voltages.

According to such scheme, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator of the present invention is different from the DC generator of known technology, below in conjunction with diagram and embodiment scheme is described in detail.

Fig. 1 is the magnetic circuit figure of the present invention program's structure;

Fig. 2 is the present invention program's annular uniform magnetic field figure;

Fig. 3 is the present invention program's an electric unipotential conductor structure sectional view;

Fig. 4 is the present invention program's the magnetic field and the direction analysis chart of power;

Fig. 5 cuts open figure for facing of the present invention program embodiment.

As Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the left view of Fig. 1.Outer magnetic pole (1) all becomes circumferential with internal magnetic pole (2), and outer magnetic pole (1) is enclosed within outside the internal magnetic pole (2), and its gap magnetic line of force is the annular that the spoke shape distributes, as using the represented magnetic field and the magnetic line of force of fine line of arrow among Fig. 2.The middle part that magnet exciting coil (3) is enclosed within the internal magnetic pole axle produces the magnetic line of force of magnetizing field, is the center with the internal magnetic pole axle center, flow through along both sides outer magnetic pole, magnetic field, gets back to internal magnetic pole and is closed curve.Have only a magnet exciting coil in the machine, the magnetic direction that the magnet exciting coil sense of current produces in Fig. 1, outer magnetic pole (1) be arctic N, internal magnetic pole (2) be the South Pole S magnetic line of force direction from around point to the center of circle such as Fig. 2.Change the direct current size of magnet exciting coil (3), change the power in magnetic field according to the magnetization rule of magnetic media material, change the sense of current, magnetic pole and magnetic direction are along with change.The material of outer magnetic pole (1) and internal magnetic pole (2) is typical permanent magnet such as samarium-cobalt alloy, Nd Fe B alloys, perhaps is typical soft iron magnetic material, as pure iron, silicon steel.The material of magnet exciting coil (3) is preferably normal temperature state superconductor, secondly with the high enamelled wire of conductance, as copper core wire.

Be the sectional drawing of single electromotive force lead as shown in Figure 3, single electromotive force lead is that a straight lead turns back 180 degree as (5) and (7), and it is a commaterial, as copper, scribbles insulating barrier at outer surface.Outside the periphery insulating barrier of (5), be with by soft magnetic material (6), as pure iron or silicon steel, overlap one deck again through insulation and be preferably diamagnetic material fully, as superconductor, be typical permanent magnet material (4) secondly, as samarium-cobalt alloy or Nd Fe B alloys.The magnetic pole of permanent magnet such as N and S.The length of single electromotive force lead equals the width of magnetic pole among Fig. 1.Single electromotive force derivative is n in the machine, and the angle of each root lead is

, interior arc length is , outer arc length is , thickness is R-r.

The effect of single electromotive force lead.The magnetic pole of the stator of known DC generator is the synonyms pole of symmetry, and the armature in the rotor core turns back from the South Pole again through the arctic in the past.When the armature cutting magnetic line movement, it is just in time consistent with the armature trend to produce the sense of current, and the terminal point of electric current can be got back to starting point.Just different in annular uniform magnetic field shown in Figure 2, make cutting magnetic line movement when the lead that two one ends connect in uniform magnetic field, the electric potential direction unanimity that each root produces is cancelled each other, there is not electric current to produce, more can not get back to starting point by terminal point, remove this, lead does not constitute the method in loop again, this just needs single electromotive force lead as shown in Figure 3, single electromotive force lead (7) is made cutting magnetic line movement, then produces electromotive force, is called potential lines.Single electromotive force lead (5), because coercive force is very big, the permanent magnet that remanent magnetism is very strong (4) (or diamagnetic superconductor) fully repels each other with the same sex the external magnetic line of force is squeezed out, it is not just penetrated, cuts by the external magnetic line of force, does not produce electromotive force.Do not do relative motion and self magnetic line of force of (4) penetrates (5), cutting magnetic line does not produce electromotive force yet.(4) (5) have been carried out magnetic screen completely.(5) in magnetic field, move, do not produce electromotive force, only do the loop of the electromotive force electric current of (7) generation, be called the electric current line.When having electric current to pass through in (7) and (5), be equal-sized antiparallel electric current, produce with lead and confront with each other from the magnetic field force that produces as the concentrically ringed magnetic line of force, externally there is not electromagnetic force.Yet (5) have magnetic screen (6), and the magnetic line of force that it produces will be fettered by permeability high soft magnetic material such as pure iron, can only flow around, and this has just prevented that it is to the permanent magnet of (4) or the broken ring of superconductor.(7) magnetic field of the straight line current of Chan Shenging then disperse around lead.

Can successfully carry out magnetic screen to electric current line (5), be the key of making multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator.Because the relation of material, the magnetic chart 2 that Fig. 1 is produced has certain requirement.Be 10700 amperes per meter as (4) to the maximum with coercivity H, maximum magnetic flux is deluded when answering the samarium-cobalt alloy SmC05 of intensity 1.07T, the resultant magnetic field that the magnetic field of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 (7) produce should be less than 10700 amperes per meter, magnetic flux density should decrease its Magnetic Shielding Effectiveness of ring otherwise (4) will be changed pole orientation less than 1.07T.Use superconductor as (4), it can bear several T and arrive the magnetic field intensity of tens of T and do not break its perfect diamganetism of ring, is applicable to high-intensity magnetic field high-voltage large current multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator.If the material of (4) can resist N, again can anti-S, when exciting current is an alternating current when producing alternating magnetic field, can send alternating current.

Fig. 4 is the present invention program's magnetic field and magnetic analysis figure, is composed in series the annular armature side by side by n single electromotive force lead shown in Figure 3, and armature is enclosed within outside the internal magnetic pole (2) of Fig. 1, is in outer magnetic pole (1) lining.The annular armature rotates in the annular uniform magnetic field, and the potential lines cutting magnetic line of single electromotive force lead produces electromotive force, produces electric current, returns with another potential lines through the electric current linear flow to link to each other, and the electromotive force algebraical sum of n root potential lines promptly is the electromotive force of entire machine.The constant magnetic direction of the magnetic field intensity of machine is constant, and the structure of lead is fixed, and linear velocity is constant, will produce the direct current of steady.In the single electromotive force lead tap that does not exist together electromotive force is derived, produce different voltages.Because the structure of machine is fixed, the combining form of single electromotive force lead, motion state are consistent, any one residing magnetic field of single electromotive force lead, and the electric current of generation, the magnetic field force that electric current produces can be represented whole armature.For the convenience of whole armature is described, the magnetic pole that cuts two single electromotive force leads and correspondence in armature arbitrarily comes out, and expansion illustrates their correlation as Fig. 4.

The outer magnetic pole of Fig. 4 is arctic N2, and internal magnetic pole is South Pole S2, and the magnetic field between them is synonyms pole and attracts relation, and is uniform magnetic field.Wherein a single electromotive force lead is by potential lines (7) for armature, and electric current line (5), shielding permanent magnet (4), another root list electromotive force lead are by potential lines (7 '), and electric current line (5 ') and shielding permanent magnet (4 ') are formed.Shielding permanent magnet (4). the north magnetic pole that (4 ') produces is N1, and south magnetic pole is S1, and magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density are more than or equal to the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic flux density of outer magnetic pole N2 and magnetic pole S2 generation.Magnetic direction is that arctic N1 is relative with arctic N2, repels mutually, and South Pole S1 is relative with South Pole S2, repels mutually.Fine rule with the band arrow is represented the magnetic line of force, the magnetic line of force that outer magnetic pole N2 and internal magnetic pole S2 produce, on the magnetic line of force, draw three weak points and draw expression, the magnetic line of force that shielding permanent magnet N1 and S1 produce, on the magnetic line of force, draw two weak points and draw expression, electromotion straight wire produces is the concentrically ringed magnetic line of force, and standardized weak point drawn expression on the magnetic line of force.As seen, the shielding magnetic line of force that N1.S1 produces, repel the magnetic line of force that N2.S2 produces, the magnetic line of force that N2.S2 produces can not be from (4). passes through in (4 '), can not make (5). (5 ') produce electromotive force, produce electric current, can only be from potential lines (7). (7 '). (7 ") are passed through; motional electromotive force, produce electric current.When the direction of motion of armature is inhour, (7). (7 '). (magnetic line of force of 7 ") cutting N2.S2 produces electric current, in the sense of current paper outwardly, electric current line (5). (5 ') from outside flow in the paper.Electric current line (5). the magnetic line of force that the electric current of (5 ') produces is not externally shown magnetic by the constraint of the pure iron of overcoat.Potential lines (7). (7 '). (what 7 ") electric current produced is the concentrically ringed magnetic line of force in the center of circle with the lead, is subjected to N2.S2, and the restriction of the magnetic line of force that N1.S1 produces is distributed in the slit that potential lines and shielding permanent magnetism iron phase lean on as N and S.A little less than the magnetic field that the magnetic field that single potential lines electric current produces produces than N2.S2 and N1.S1, and the magnetic line of force is non-intersect again, can only be as the magnetic line of force of arctic N and South Pole S, have through the gesture line, what have constitutes the closed-loop path through the shielding permanent magnet.The N.S that shielding permanent magnetic iron N1.S1 and potential lines produce, though their magnetic field magnetic line flows through potential lines, movement velocity is synchronous, does not have relative motion, does not cut, and can not make potential lines produce electric current.

N2.S2, the magnetic field force that three kinds of magnetic fields of N1.S1 and N.S produce in the annular uniform magnetic field.The magnetic line of force that annulus profile magnetic pole N2 and annular internal magnetic pole S2 constitute is the uniform magnetic field that the spoke shape distributes.Magnetic field intensity is equal everywhere at annular, and magnetic field force equates that the direction of magnetic attraction is pointed to the center of circle and do not produced circumferential force, and the attraction vectorial force of whole circumference is zero.In structure shown in Figure 4, shielding permanent magnet (4). (4 ') ... be fixed on the circumference in common axle center, be the parallel distribution of layout, N1 repels N2, and S1 repels S2, repulsive force points to the center of circle in the annular uniform magnetic field, circumference entad vector to make a concerted effort be zero, on tangent line, do not have power to produce, during relative motion, only produce two times of one sides and repel magnetic field frictional resistance, this resistance is very little.Potential lines (7). (7 ') ... also be the parallel distribution of single layout, the magnetic field of generation such as N.S are the boundary with the center line of (7), and to the inhour of even strong annular outer magnetic pole N2 and clockwise, existing repulsive force N has equal attraction S again; To the inhour of even strong annular internal magnetic pole S2 and clockwise, the attraction N that repulsive force S is also arranged and equate, the electromagnetic force that these are little than magnetic field force, also slippage is a centripetal force, also to make a concerted effort be zero to tangent line.During relative motion, also produce two times of one side magnetic field frictional force.The electromagnetic force that produces between potential lines (7) and the electric current line (5) no matter be to attract or repel, all occurs as the internal stress of structure, and the motion of whole armature is not made a difference.

To being in the magnetic pole of any direction among annular uniform magnetic field Fig. 2,, show as the magnetic field frictional force that it produces when doing relative motion on the centripetal force macroscopic view no matter the direction of magnetic field force how, is a magnetic field centripetal force with automatic slippage.As the annular armature that is composed in series side by side by single electromotive force lead, no matter the magnetic field that it produces is exclusion relations completely to outer magnetic pole N and internal magnetic pole S, or attract fully to concern, no matter it is the attraction relation of the exclusion relations or the layout of layout, or the relation of repelling and attracting alternately to occur, mutual power between them is magnetic field centripetal force with automatic slippage, when doing relative motion, shows as the magnetic field frictional force that it produces on the centripetal force macroscopic view.It is fixing and for example to shield permanent magnet (4), and it will be the axle center with self certain point, along clockwise or counter-clockwise deflection, finally rest on N2 and S1, the linear position that N1 and S2 inhale mutually, and the line of attraction passes through the center of circle of annular uniform magnetic field.In the process of deflection, be the point of contact with the axle center of deflection the character that there is a natural attraction between the sexes because the closely effect in magnetic field and the same sex are repelled each other, clockwise and the counter-clockwise direction circumferential force be zero, it is zero that tangent line is made a concerted effort.If tangent line is non-vanishing with joint efforts.Promptly shielding permanent magnet (4) and forward certain state and maintenance to, just can move along direction of annular uniform magnetic field, become perpetual machine, in fact is impossible.

Annular uniform magnetic field and the non-uniform magnetic-field of being made up of synonyms pole are done the comparison of generator field.The electromagnetic force that the armature of known generator produces is repelled when shifting near fixing magnetic pole of the stator mutually, attracts each other when leaving magnetic pole, and repulsive force and attraction are traditional method of indicating the pronunciation of a Chinese character line direction in the direction of motion of armature rotor, and always impede motion carries out.And this motion-impeding moment, the machine torque of drawing generator is very powerful no better than.And the annular uniform magnetic field is done the magnetic field of generator, it is even strong that magnetic field is annular, be that magnetic pole is lacking beginning and end, can think infinite length, the electromagnetic force that armature produces is moved in the uniform magnetic field of infinite length, there is not the repulsive force that magnetic pole shifts near and when leaving, attraction is because the closely effect and the same sex in magnetic field are repelled each other the character that there is a natural attraction between the sexes, the point of application of active force or stress point in magnetic field just free skating move on to closest approach promptly entad on the line, relative motion only produces magnetic field frictional force.Magnetic field frictional force and electromagnetic force relatively are very little.Therefore, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator improves the power several times than existing DC generator.

Being illustrated in figure 5 as embodiment faces and cuts open figure.(7) form the circular ring type armature by single electromotive force lead, an end of armature and supporting disk (8) are connected and fixed, and supporting disk is fixed on the axle (10).Form the annular uniform magnetic field by outer magnetic pole (1) and internal magnetic pole (2), end cap (9) links to each other with outer magnetic pole (1), end cap (9) holds up rotating shaft (10) by bearing (11) and (14) with internal magnetic pole (2), and ensures that armature (7) freely rotates in the gap, magnetic field.The both positive and negative polarity of outer DC power supply is passed to magnet exciting coil (3) through terminal box (15), and the exciting field magnetization outer magnetic pole (1) that coil produces is arctic N, and magnetization internal magnetic pole (2) is South Pole S, makes the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic field reach requirement.Engine drags rotating shaft (10) and rotates along inhour, and armature (7) also rotates synchronously, single electromotive force lead cutting N, and S produces the magnetic line of force and produces electromotive force, produces electric current.In single electromotive force lead tap that armature does not exist together, respectively hang oneself slip ring and brush (13) are passed to the binding post of terminal box (12) lining.

Multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator of the present invention and known dc generator are not Same is: multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator can only be made generator, can not do electronic Machine is used. The anti-electromagnetic torque of known dc generator consume external torque 90 percent with On, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator only produces magnetic field frictional force, does not produce anti-electricity Magnetic torque can improve the power several times; Known dc generator is limited by commutator structure, The voltage and current that generally sends is littler, and multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator need not change To device, can send higher voltage and bigger electric current; Known dc generator can only be failed Go out a kind of voltage, the exportable several different voltages of multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator, Satisfy the startup of dc motor, speed governing and Power Regulation need; Failing of known dc generator Go out power and be less than or equal to input power, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator output electricity Power is greater than the input mechanical output, and like this, it can form with existing dc motor forever moving Generator or moving motor forever.

Claims (10)

1, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator, have the fixing part and the part of rotation, it is characterized in that: an excitation astragal is wrapped on the internal magnetic pole axle, internal magnetic pole and outer magnetic pole constitute the annular uniform magnetic field, are composed in series the annular armature side by side by single electromotive force lead and make cutting magnetic line movement generation constant direct current.

2, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a machine has only a magnet exciting coil (3).

3, according to claim 1 and 2 described multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator, it is characterized in that: magnet exciting coil (3) is wrapped on the axle of internal magnetic pole (2).

4, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the material of magnet exciting coil (3) is optimum to be superconductor, is other high-quality lead secondly.

5, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: outer magnetic pole (1) and internal magnetic pole (2) all are circumferential.

6, according to the described multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator of claim (1), it is characterized in that: single electromotive force lead (5) and (7) by a straight lead turn back 180 the degree.

7, according to claim 1 and 6 described multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator, it is characterized in that: the magnetic shielding material of the electric current line (5) of single electromotive force lead outer (4) is preferably complete Hangzhoupro magnetic, as superconductor, is permanent magnet magnetic pole such as N.S secondly.

8, according to claim 1 and 6 described multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator, it is characterized in that: a plurality of single electromotive force leads are formed the annular armature side by side.

9, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the potential lines (7 ') and electric current line (5) series connection of facing two single electromotive force leads mutually.

10, multi-voltage DC electric generator without commutator according to claim 1 is characterized in that: export different voltages in the place's tap of the single electromotive force lead of difference.

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