CN113403838A - 一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、硅烷偶联剂混合得到亲水改性预反应液；S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，一定温度下反应，并调节pH值，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。本发明开发既具有良好服用性能又具有良好生物相容性的高功能涤纶面料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能面料领域，具体涉及一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶具有良好的折皱弹性和挺括性，被广泛用作纺织服装面料及其他工业用纤维制品。但因聚酯大分子中只有两端有两个羟基，因此涤纶织物是疏水织物，不吸湿不导湿，穿着舒适性差，生物相容性也差。涤纶织物的亲水改性一直是涤纶改性的热点课题。
目前，涤纶由于具有优越的力学性能而被大量生产应用，但涤纶分子结构紧密且结晶度高，亲水性及吸湿性能相对较差，使之应用领域受到相应的限制。为改善涤纶的亲水性能，多年以来国际国内已进行大量的研究，采用的亲水改性方法主要分为两类：一是在涤纶纤维原料进行改性，该方法技术要求高，在实际生产中应用较少；二是在涤纶纤维表面进行亲水改性，主要有在纤维表面引入亲水性物质等方式，工艺简单，操作方便。
涤纶织物具有良好的挺括性、折皱弹性，能够洗可穿；丝蛋白具有良好的生物相容性，对人体皮肤友好，具有保健功能；因此研究在涤纶织物表面接枝丝蛋白，开发既具有良好服用性能又具有良好生物相容性的高功能涤纶面料，将具有重要的意义。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题：本发明的目的是提供改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料，解决目前涤纶亲水性差的问题，同时研究在涤纶织物表面接枝丝蛋白，开发既具有良好服用性能又具有良好生物相容性的高功能涤纶面料。
技术方案：一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，在一定的浴比下进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，一定温度下反应，并调节pH值至3-4，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
优选的，所述整理液中乙二胺的浓度为1-3％，氢氧化钠的浓度为5.5-12％，浴比为1：20-40，温度为60-70℃，时间为60-90min。
优选的，所述硅烷偶联剂为氨基硅烷偶联剂。
优选的，所述氨基硅烷偶联剂为
优选的，所述预反应液中的pH维持7-8，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:0.5-2:100。
优选的，所述反应温度为先在40-50℃下反应30min，然后升温至70-80℃反应4-7h。
优选的，所述戊二醛溶液的浓度为20-30wt％，浸泡时间为30-60min，温度为50-80℃。
优选的，所述小分子多肽溶液为丝素或丝胶降解的小分子多肽溶液，其浓度为0.5-3.5wt％。
有益效果：本发明的具有以下优点：
1、选用聚乙烯醇酯与氨基硅烷偶联剂，通过交联法在聚酯面料表面包裹含有大量羧基和硅羟基的亲水层，赋予涤纶面料稳定的亲水性；
2、在经过接枝改性的亲水涤纶面料的服用性能下降，再通过涤纶织物表面接枝小分子丝蛋白肽，制备既具有良好服用性能又具有良好亲水性的高功能涤纶面料。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为1％，氢氧化钠的浓度为5.5％，在浴比为1：20下，温度为60℃，时间为90min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:0.5:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在40℃下反应30min，然后升温至70℃反应4h，并调节pH值至4，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡浓度为20wt％戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡时间为30min，温度为50℃，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为0.5wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
实施例2
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为3％，氢氧化钠的浓度为12％，在浴比为1：40下，温度为70℃，时间为60min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:2:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在50℃下反应30min，然后升温至80℃反应7h，并调节pH值至3，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡浓度为30wt％戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡时间为60min，温度为80℃，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为3.5wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
实施例3
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为1.5％，氢氧化钠的浓度为7％，在浴比为1：25下，温度为65℃，时间为60min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:0.8:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在42℃下反应30min，然后升温至74℃反应5h，并调节pH值至4，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡浓度为22wt％戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡时间为40min，温度为60℃，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为1.8wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
实施例4
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为2.5％，氢氧化钠的浓度为10％，在浴比为1：35下，温度为70℃，时间为90min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:1.5:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在46℃下反应30min，然后升温至78℃反应6h，并调节pH值至3，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡浓度为26wt％戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡时间为50min，温度为70℃，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为3wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
实施例5
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为2％，氢氧化钠的浓度为9％，在浴比为1：30下，温度为69℃，时间为70min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:1.2:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在45℃下反应30min，然后升温至75℃反应5.5h，并调节pH值至4，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡浓度为22wt％戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡时间为45min，温度为65℃，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为2.3wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
对比例1
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为1.5％，氢氧化钠的浓度为7％，在浴比为1：25下，温度为65℃，时间为60min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、氨基硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:0.8:100，得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，先在42℃下反应30min，然后升温至74℃反应5h，并调节pH值至4，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
对比例2
一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，整理液中乙二胺的浓度为2.5％，氢氧化钠的浓度为10％，在浴比为1：35下，温度为70℃，时间为90min，进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.亲水涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，其浓度为3wt％，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
毛细效应测试：采用LFY-215型织物毛细效应仪测试各试样的毛细效应综合值，试样宽度2.5cm，长度30cm，每组试样经纬向分别测试3块。在织物毛细效应仪中倒入3000mL的蒸馏水，将试样的一端夹持在试样架上，并在试样的另一端(下垂端)夹上张力夹(3g)，使条带伸直，并保证试样的纵向中心线通过夹钳的中心线；调整夹钳的高度，使试样的一端刚好浸在液面上，从试样被润湿的瞬问开始计时，测试30min后液体在试样中的传导距离，求出每组试样经、纬向平均毛细效应值。测试条件为相对湿度(65±5)％，蒸馏水温度(20±3)℃；
导湿综合值测试：将试样平铺在样品架上，使样品保持平整，测试部位悬空。在相对湿度(65±5)％、温度(20±3)℃的环境条件下，距试样上方10cm处一次性滴入40uL的蒸馏水，3min后测定液体在织物滴水面的横向最大扩散长度a和纵向最大扩散长度b，每组试样测试5次，取平均值，则导湿综合值Z＝0.5(S×V×10-1+V×G×10-3)，其中导湿面积S＝πab/4(cm2)，导湿体积V＝S×H(mm3)，导湿量G＝S×g×10-4(mg/cm2)，H为织物厚度(mm)，g为织物面密度；
抗弯刚度：利用斜面法测试；
悬垂系数在YG811织物悬垂性测定仪上测定。
Claims (7)
1.一种改性接枝亲水柔性涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1.涤纶纤维的碱胺改性：将涤纶面料置于乙二胺和氢氧化钠混合整理液中，在一定的浴比下进行涤纶面料的表面改性；
S2.预反应液的制备：将聚乙烯醇酯、水、氨水、硅烷偶联剂以一定比例混合得到亲水改性预反应液；
S3.涤纶面料的接枝改性：将步骤S1制备的涤纶面料先置于乙醇中浸泡再浸泡于预反应液中，一定温度下反应，并调节pH值至3-4，得到表面接枝改性的涤纶面料；
S4.柔性涤纶面料的制备：将上一步骤制备的涤纶面料浸泡戊二醛水溶液中，浸泡后取出去除残存的戊二醛，再置于小分子多肽溶液中反应，取出洗净晾干，得到亲水柔性涤纶面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述整理液中乙二胺的浓度为1-3％，氢氧化钠的浓度为5.5-12％，浴比为1：20-40，温度为60-70℃，时间为60-90min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂为氨基硅烷偶联剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述预反应液中的pH维持7-8，聚乙烯醇酯、硅烷偶联剂和水的比例为1:0.5-2:100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述反应温度为先在40-50℃下反应30min，然后升温至70-80℃反应4-7h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述戊二醛溶液的浓度为20-30wt％，浸泡时间为30-60min，温度为50-80℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的改性接枝亲水涤纶面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述小分子多肽溶液为丝素或丝胶降解的小分子多肽溶液，其浓度为0.5-3.5wt％。
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