CN113403454A - Heat treatment device for high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment device for high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113403454A CN113403454A CN202110640595.7A CN202110640595A CN113403454A CN 113403454 A CN113403454 A CN 113403454A CN 202110640595 A CN202110640595 A CN 202110640595A CN 113403454 A CN113403454 A CN 113403454A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high alloy steel heat-resistant martensite stainless steel heat treatment device, which relates to the technical field of stainless steel heat treatment and comprises a box-type gas furnace and a tray, wherein a plurality of lifting lugs are arranged at the upper end of the tray, at least one notch is formed in the tray, the lower end of the tray is connected with a chassis through bolts, a partition plate is arranged in the chassis, and a sand layer is arranged at the upper end of the partition plate; the bottom of baffle is provided with at least one supporting legs, the supporting legs clearance passes the chassis and extends to the chassis outside. The invention adopts the stretching type cooling design in the tray, and the uniform cooling is matched with the twice tempering by adopting the invention, so that the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is compact, the residual austenite is eliminated, simultaneously, the stress is further eliminated, the strength is unchanged, the toughness is increased, meanwhile, the effects of stably refining grains and uniformly organizing can be completely played, the obtained mechanical performance result and the high-temperature lasting tensile property completely meet the standard requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment device for high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel.
Background
The ZG1Cr10MoWVNbN heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel has good comprehensive performance, but has the problem of high-temperature lasting tensile performance in application of supercritical castings, in the prior art, the ZG1Cr10MoWVNbN heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel usually adopts one-time tempering, and lacks matched special tempering equipment, so that the heat treatment device for high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel is urgently needed to meet the requirements in order to prolong the service life of the castings and achieve mass production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a heat treatment device for high-alloy heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a heat-resisting martensite stainless steel heat treatment device of high alloy steel, includes box gas furnace and tray, the upper end of tray is provided with a plurality of lugs, its characterized in that:
the tray is provided with at least one open slot, the lower end of the tray is fixedly connected with a chassis, a partition plate is arranged in the chassis, and the upper end of the partition plate is provided with a sand layer;
the bottom end of the partition plate is provided with at least one supporting leg, the supporting leg gap penetrates through the chassis and extends to the outer side of the chassis, when the supporting leg is in contact with the ground, the chassis moves downwards under the action of gravity, and the sand layer penetrates through the open groove and enters the tray;
the inner wall of the box-type gas furnace is provided with a support frame, the support frame is used for supporting a chassis, and when the chassis is positioned on the support frame, the support legs are not in contact with the bottom surface of the box-type gas furnace.
Optionally, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom end of the chassis, a plurality of connecting pipes are arranged at the bottom end of the chassis, the bottom ends of the connecting pipes are commonly communicated with a flow dividing pipe, and the flow dividing pipe is communicated with an input pipe;
the upper end of the connecting pipe is communicated with a telescopic pipe, the upper end of the telescopic pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes, the telescopic pipe is fixedly connected with the partition plate and extends to the upper part of the partition plate, and the positions and the number of the grooves correspond to those of the telescopic pipes.
Optionally, the upper end of the partition plate is provided with heat insulation sleeves, the number and the positions of the heat insulation sleeves correspond to those of the extension tubes, the heat insulation sleeves and the extension tubes are coaxially arranged, the outer surfaces of the extension tubes are sleeved with gaps, and the extension tubes extend out of the tops of the heat insulation sleeves after being extended;
the top of the telescopic pipe is provided with a heat insulation baffle, the cross sectional area of the heat insulation baffle is equal to that of the upper end of the slot, and the upper surfaces of the heat insulation baffle and the upper surface of the slot form a plane together when the heat insulation baffle is accommodated in the slot.
Optionally, the extension tube is a corrugated tube with a V-shaped section, and the through hole is formed in a lower inclined plane of the extension tube;
all the through holes are positioned on the same telescopic pipeThe relation among the sum Q1 of the 15 flow instantaneous rates, the number n of the telescopic pipes and the input pipe instantaneous flow rate Q2 is
Wherein C is 5% -10% of the value of the tolerance value Q2/n.
The invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts the stretching type cooling design in the tray, and the uniform cooling is matched with the twice tempering by adopting the invention, so that the metallographic structure of the martensitic stainless steel is compact, the residual austenite is eliminated, simultaneously, the stress is further eliminated, the strength is unchanged, the toughness is increased, meanwhile, the effects of stably refining grains and uniformly organizing can be completely played, the obtained mechanical performance result and the high-temperature lasting tensile property completely meet the standard requirement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the extension tube of the present invention after being extended;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the present invention placed in a box gas furnace;
FIG. 4 shows the test block casting dimensions of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a sample site of a test block according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a secondary tempering process according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the metallographic microstructure of the present invention after two tempering treatments.
In the figure: 1 tray, 2 lifting lugs, 3 bolts, 4 base plates, 5 partition plates, 6 supporting legs, 7 drainage pipes, 8 shunt pipes, 9 connecting pipes, 10 telescopic pipes, 11 grooves, 12 heat insulation sleeves, 13 heat insulation baffle plates, 14 input pipes, 15 through holes, 16 box type gas furnaces and 17 supporting frames.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-7, a heat treatment device for high alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel comprises a box-type gas furnace 16 and a tray 1, wherein the upper end of the tray 1 is provided with a plurality of lifting lugs 2, and the heat treatment device is characterized in that:
the tray 1 is provided with the slots 11 the positions and the number of which correspond to those of the telescopic pipes 10, the slots 11 are arranged to play two roles, on one hand, a sand layer at the bottom can penetrate through the slots 11 to enter the tray 1, and on the other hand, the telescopic pipes 10 can extend out of the slots 11.
The lower extreme of tray 1 is connected with chassis 4 through bolt 3, and the bottom of chassis 4 is provided with drain pipe 7, and chassis 4 can adopt thermal insulation material to make, and chassis 4's effect lies in holding sand bed and flexible pipe 10.
The bottom of chassis 4 is provided with a plurality of connecting pipes 9, and the setting of connecting pipe 9 plays the effect of fixed flexible pipe 10 for flexible pipe 10 can only extend to the upside when extending.
The bottom ends of the connecting pipes 9 are communicated with a shunt pipe 8, and the shunt pipe 8 can distribute water flow of the input pipe 14 to all the connecting pipes 9 and the telescopic pipes 10.
The shunt pipe 8 is communicated with an input pipe 14, the input pipe 14 is communicated with an external water supply pipe, and it is worth mentioning that in the process of normalizing, tempering or secondary tempering of the martensitic stainless steel, the input pipe 14, the connecting pipe 9, the shunt pipe 8 and the telescopic pipe 10 are filled with liquid, so that overheating damage is avoided.
The upper end of the connecting pipe 9 is communicated with an extension pipe 10, the extension pipe 10 is fixedly connected with the partition plate 5 and extends to the upper part of the partition plate, and the extension pipe 10 is fixedly connected with the partition plate 5 in a sealing manner, so that the sand layer on the upper part is prevented from falling.
Due to the obstruction of the partition plate 5, the telescopic pipe 10 can be regarded as an upper end and a lower end by taking the partition plate 5 as a center, wherein the telescopic pipe 10 at the lower end is used for following the partition plate 5 to be driven, so that the distance compensation effect is achieved, and the telescopic pipe 10 at the upper end is used for stretching and cooling the martensitic stainless steel after normalizing, tempering and secondary tempering by spraying liquid or gas.
The upper end of the extension tube 10 is provided with a plurality of through holes 15, in this embodiment, the extension tube 10 is a corrugated tube with a V-shaped cross section, and the through holes 15 are arranged on a lower inclined plane of the extension tube 10, specifically, the circle content in fig. 2, and the lower inclined plane refers to an inclined plane in which the corrugated tube with the V-shaped cross section is inclined downwards.
In this embodiment, the relation among the sum Q1 of the instantaneous flow rates of all the through holes 15 on the same telescopic tube 10, the number n of telescopic tubes 10 and the instantaneous flow rate Q2 of the input tube 14 is
Wherein C is 5% -10% of the value of the tolerance value Q2/n.
The tolerance value ensures that the telescopic tube 10 can be extended upwards in a saturated manner.
Be provided with the baffle 5 that equals with 4 inner space cross sections on chassis 4 in the chassis, the upper end of baffle 5 is provided with the sand bed, and the shape of sand bed is irregular, can paste with the surface of martensite stainless steel of bigger area mutually to can increase the efficiency of martensite stainless steel and external heat exchange when the cooling.
The bottom of baffle 5 is provided with at least one supporting legs 6, and supporting legs 6 clearance passes chassis 4 and extends to the chassis 4 outside, and when supporting legs 6 contacted with ground, chassis 4 moves down under the effect of gravity, and the sand layer passes fluting 11 and gets into in the tray 1 and pastes with the martensite stainless steel mutually.
The inner wall of the box-type gas furnace 16 is provided with a support frame 17, the support frame 17 is used for supporting the chassis 4, when the chassis 4 is positioned on the support frame 17, the support legs 6 are not contacted with the bottom surface of the box-type gas furnace 16, and the support frame 17 is arranged for supporting the chassis 4 and parts above the chassis 4 with reference to fig. 3.
In this embodiment, in order to avoid the temperature of the extension tube 10 and the sand layer being too high, the following settings are further provided:
the upper end of the baffle plate 5 is provided with heat insulation sleeves 12 the number and the positions of which correspond to those of the extension tubes 10, the heat insulation sleeves 12 and the extension tubes 10 are coaxially arranged, the outer surfaces of the extension tubes 10 are sleeved with gaps, and the extension tubes 10 extend out of the tops of the heat insulation sleeves 12 after being extended; the top of the extension tube 10 is provided with a heat insulation baffle 13, the cross sectional area of the heat insulation baffle 13 is equal to that of the upper end of the slot 11, and the upper surfaces of the heat insulation baffle 13 and the upper surface of the slot 11 are taken into the slot to form a plane together, so that the martensite stainless steel on the upper side can be more stable in normalizing, tempering and secondary tempering when forming a plane, meanwhile, the sealing performance can be improved, and the overhigh temperature in the chassis 4 is avoided.
The test was as follows:
the test is carried out by using a ZGlCr10MoWVNbN heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel casting attached casting test block, the casting size of the test block is marked as shown in figure 4, and the sampling position is shown in figure 5. The chemical components and mechanical properties are required to be shown in tables 1 and 2, the chemical components are strictly controlled according to the internal control of the table 1, and P and S are controlled according to the lower limit. The selected tensile specimens were processed according to the requirements of specimen size processing of GB-T2039-1997 method for testing tensile creep and endurance of metals (total 6, 3 for each process), and the actual specimen chemical compositions (mass fraction%) were 0.119C%, 0.318 Si%, 0.566% Mn, 0.010% P, 0.004% S, 10.06% Cr, 0.746% Ni, 0.985% Mo, 1.04% W, 0.207V%, 0.070Nb, 0.039N%, 0.008A 1%.
TABLE 1 actual internal control chemical composition requirements (%)
| Element(s) | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | W | V | Ni | Nb | N | Al |
| Specification of | 0.11～ 0.14 | 0.20-0.50 | 0.40～ 1.20 | <0.020 | <0.010 | 9.20～ 10.20 | 0.90～ 1.05 | 0.95～ 1.05 | 0.17～0.25 | 0.60～ 0.80 | 0.050～0.10 | 0.030～0.060 | <0.020 |
| Internal control | 0.115- 0.035 | 0.25-0.45 | 0.50- 1.10 | <0.015 | <0.005 | 9.50- 10.0 | 0.92- 1.02 | 0.96- 1.04 | 0.21-0.24 | 0.65-0.75 | 0.07-0.09 | 0.03-0.04 | <0.018 |
TABLE 2 mechanical Property Standard requirements
| Temperature (. degree.C.) | Stress (N/mm)2) | Time (h) |
| 640 | 147 | ≥50 |
| 650 | 123 | ≥80 |
| 670 | 98 | ≥300 |
The test process comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 6, the invention adopts 1050 ℃ normalizing +720 ℃ plus 710 ℃ tempering, the used heat treatment equipment adopts a box type gas furnace 16, and the normalizing and tempering charging temperatures are both less than or equal to 150 ℃. The test block is placed on a tray 1 to be scattered, lifted into a box type gas furnace 16 and heated to 1050 ℃ for normalizing. When the normalizing heat preservation is finished, the tray 1 and the test blocks on the tray need to be immediately hoisted to the side of the furnace, the input pipe 14 is communicated with an external water source, the flexible pipe 10 is stretched to spray, the flexible pipe 10 is positioned between the test blocks, so that the test blocks can be better cooled by spraying, the test blocks can be cooled to about 350 ℃ within 1 hour, then the test blocks are hoisted to the box-type gas furnace 16 to be tempered at +720 ℃, the tray 1 and the test blocks on the tray are hoisted to the side of the furnace again after the tempering is finished, the input pipe 14 is communicated with an external compressor, the flexible pipe 10 is stretched to spray, and the flexible pipe 10 is positioned between the test blocks, so that the test blocks can be better cooled by spraying air, and then the test blocks are hoisted to the box-type gas furnace 16 to be tempered for a second time at 710 ℃.
TABLE 3 Heat treatment Process and corresponding Properties
The test result data, namely the data in the table 3 shows that the high-temperature endurance performance of the test block meets the standard requirement. Meanwhile, hardness of the test sample treated by the test is measured by a King-3000 Brinell hardness tester, and as can be seen from Table 3, the hardness is basically not changed greatly. The microscopic metallographic phase of the sample is observed by 100 times under a microscope, the uniform cooling is matched with the twice tempering by adopting the method, the metallographic structure is compact, the residual austenite is eliminated, the stress is further eliminated, the strength is unchanged, and the toughness is increased as shown in figure 7.
The data obtained by the test shows that the rapid and uniform cooling twice of the invention is matched with the tempering twice, so that the effects of stably refining grains and uniformly organizing can be completely achieved, the obtained mechanical performance result and the high-temperature durable tensile property completely meet the standard requirement.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a heat-resisting martensite stainless steel heat treatment device of high alloy steel, includes box gas furnace (16) and tray (1), the upper end of tray (1) is provided with a plurality of lugs (2), its characterized in that:
the tray (1) is provided with at least one open slot (11), the lower end of the tray (1) is fixedly connected with a chassis (4), a partition plate (5) is arranged in the chassis (4), and the upper end of the partition plate (5) is provided with a sand layer;
the bottom end of the partition plate (5) is provided with at least one supporting leg (6), the supporting leg (6) penetrates through the chassis (4) in a clearance mode and extends to the outer side of the chassis (4), when the supporting leg (6) is in contact with the ground, the chassis (4) moves downwards under the action of gravity, and the sand layer penetrates through the open groove (11) and enters the tray (1);
the inner wall of the box-type gas furnace (16) is provided with a support frame (17), the support frame (17) is used for supporting the chassis (4), and when the chassis (4) is positioned on the support frame (17), the support legs (6) are not in contact with the bottom surface of the box-type gas furnace (16).
2. The heat treatment device for the high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel according to claim 1, characterized in that a drain pipe (7) is arranged at the bottom end of the chassis (4), a plurality of connecting pipes (9) are arranged at the bottom end of the chassis (4), the bottom ends of the connecting pipes (9) are communicated with a flow dividing pipe (8) together, and the flow dividing pipe (8) is communicated with an input pipe (14);
the upper end of the connecting pipe (9) is communicated with a telescopic pipe (10), the upper end of the telescopic pipe (10) is provided with a plurality of through holes (15), the telescopic pipe (10) is fixedly connected with the partition plate (5) and extends to the upper part of the partition plate, and the positions and the number of the grooves (11) correspond to those of the telescopic pipes (10).
3. The heat treatment device for the high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel according to claim 2, characterized in that the upper end of the partition plate (5) is provided with heat insulation sleeves (12) the number and the positions of which correspond to those of the telescopic pipes (10), the heat insulation sleeves (12) and the telescopic pipes (10) are coaxially arranged, the heat insulation sleeves are sleeved on the outer surfaces of the telescopic pipes (10) in a clearance manner, and the telescopic pipes (10) extend out of the tops of the heat insulation sleeves (12) after being extended;
the top of the telescopic pipe (10) is provided with a heat insulation baffle (13), the cross sectional areas of the upper ends of the heat insulation baffle (13) and the open groove (11) are equal, and the upper surfaces of the heat insulation baffle (13) and the open groove (11) are retracted into the open groove (11) to form a plane together.
4. The heat treatment device for the heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel of high alloy steel according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the telescopic pipe (10) is a corrugated pipe with V-shaped section, and the through hole (15) is arranged on the lower inclined surface of the telescopic pipe (10);
the relation among the instantaneous sum Q1 of the flow of all the through holes (15) positioned on the same telescopic pipe (10), the number n of the telescopic pipes (10) and the instantaneous flow Q2 of the input pipe (14) is that
Wherein C is 5% -10% of the value of the tolerance value Q2/n.
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| CN202110640595.7A CN113403454A (en) | 2021-06-09 | 2021-06-09 | Heat treatment device for high-alloy steel heat-resistant martensitic stainless steel |
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| CN105274468A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-01-27 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Nitridation frame for clamping long shaft parts |
| CN205843392U (en) * | 2016-07-03 | 2016-12-28 | 湖南九华碳素高科有限公司 | A kind of truck for resistance furnace |
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