CN113399446A - Brick kiln co-processing method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Brick kiln co-processing method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113399446A CN113399446A CN202110693439.7A CN202110693439A CN113399446A CN 113399446 A CN113399446 A CN 113399446A CN 202110693439 A CN202110693439 A CN 202110693439A CN 113399446 A CN113399446 A CN 113399446A
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- contaminated soil
- heavy metal
- bentonite
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- brick
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/14—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting
- B28B11/16—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for dividing shaped articles by cutting for extrusion or for materials supplied in long webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a brick kiln co-treatment method for heavy metal contaminated soil, and relates to the technical field of contaminated soil treatment. The method for the brick kiln co-treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the steps of pretreatment and brick making, wherein the pretreatment step comprises the steps of mixing the contaminated soil and the modified bentonite, spraying a polyacrylic acid solution, heating, preserving heat and reacting for 2-3 hours. According to the method for the brick kiln cooperative treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil, the heavy metal contaminated soil is treated by utilizing the modes of chemical adsorption, physical containment and lattice solidification, heavy metal ions in the contaminated soil are fixed as much as possible, the treatment effect is good, and secondary pollution can be prevented to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polluted soil treatment, in particular to a brick kiln co-treatment method for heavy metal polluted soil.
Background
Soil is the final receptor of various pollutants in the environment, and pollutants in water and air can finally enter the soil along with the circulation of environmental substances. However, due to the concealment of soil pollution, especially heavy metal pollution, is not easy to detect, people only can slowly notice the harm of the heavy metal pollution of the soil by knowing that the heavy metal is continuously accumulated in the soil and continuously enriching the heavy metal through a soil-plant system to poison crops or influencing human health through food chain enrichment, and meanwhile, people also begin to pay attention to the treatment and restoration of the polluted soil.
The existing soil pollution is generally treated by biological remediation, phytoremediation, chemical leaching and the like, and the remediation technology is characterized in that solid or liquid phase mediums of the polluted soil are basically not required to be dug out or extracted from the polluted site in advance, but the pollutants are removed by means of physical, chemical or biological processes. Although the methods treat the polluted soil, the applicability of the methods is limited, for example, the mobility of microorganisms in the soil in a bioremediation method is poor, the microorganisms are easily inhibited by toxic effects of pollutants, the remediation efficiency is reduced, and the microbial enzyme preparation can bring secondary pollution; phytoremediation is only suitable for low concentration contaminated soils, and often requires several growing seasons, even longer; the leaching method has high requirements on soil, and the leaching agent brings high risk of secondary pollution. Therefore, a method for treating heavy metal contaminated soil is needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to disclose a brick kiln cooperative treatment method for heavy metal contaminated soil, which is used for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil by utilizing the modes of chemical adsorption, physical containment and lattice solidification, so that heavy metal ions in the contaminated soil are fixed as much as possible, the treatment effect is good, and secondary pollution can be prevented to a certain extent.
The method comprises the steps of pretreatment and brick making, wherein the pretreatment step comprises the steps of mixing the polluted soil and the modified bentonite, spraying a polyacrylic acid solution, heating, keeping warm and reacting for 2-3 hours.
Furthermore, the modified bentonite is obtained by grafting and modifying bentonite with humic acid.
The method for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil of the invention pretreats the contaminated soil by utilizing the modified bentonite and the polyacrylic acid, grafts the bentonite by utilizing the humic acid, and has the advantages that the humic acid has negative electricity and high cation substitution amount, has obvious complexing and adsorbing effects on heavy metal ions, combines the self-adsorbing effect of the bentonite, in the pretreatment process, heavy metal ions in the polluted soil are firstly complexed and adsorbed by the modified bentonite, and are preliminarily fixed, then adding polyacrylic acid, further wrapping heavy metal ions by utilizing the cross-linking polymerization effect between the polyacrylic acid and the humic acid, thus, heavy metal ions are fixed around the modified bentonite, the bentonite belongs to an adhesive in the brick making process, and the bentonite is melted under the action of high temperature to further immobilize the heavy metal ions.
Further, the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing acidified bentonite in deionized water, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring and dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath to 70 ℃, preserving heat and reacting for 5h, intermittently and dropwise adding 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane in batches during the reaction, filtering after the reaction is finished, cleaning a filter cake by using anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, vacuum drying, grinding and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, stirring and adding the powder into a humic acid aqueous solution, adjusting the pH to 5-6, oscillating at constant temperature of 35 ℃ and 140r/min for 20-24h, performing suction filtration, washing the filter cake to be neutral, and drying to obtain the modified bentonite.
The bentonite is intercalated by cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride to increase the interlayer spacing of the bentonite, and then humic acid is grafted to the bentonite by using 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane, so that the loading rate of the humic acid on the bentonite can be increased to a certain extent, and the adsorption and complexing capacity of the modified bentonite to heavy metal ions is improved.
Further, the acidification treatment comprises the following steps: weighing bentonite, adding the bentonite into 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution, heating the mixture to 60 ℃ in a water bath, preserving heat, stirring, refluxing and reacting for 12-14h, filtering a filter cake, and washing the filter cake to be neutral.
The bentonite is acidized, so that impurities in the bentonite can be removed, and the purity of the bentonite is improved.
Further, the pretreatment step specifically comprises: drying and crushing the polluted soil, adding the polluted soil into a double-shaft stirrer, adding modified bentonite, stirring and mixing, adding a potassium persulfate solution, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, heating the mixture by using superheated steam, carrying out heat preservation reaction at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for 2-3h, intermittently spraying a polyacrylic acid solution in batches during the reaction process, and obtaining the pretreated polluted soil after the reaction is finished.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: feeding the pretreated polluted soil, limestone, fly ash and clay into a powerful stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a premix, adding water during stirring, and controlling the water content of the raw materials to be below 16%;
s2: conveying the premix into a bipolar vacuum brick extruder by a belt conveyor, performing secondary stirring and vacuum pumping, finally extruding to obtain mud strips, and cutting the mud strips by a blank cutter to obtain green bricks;
s3: stacking the green bricks on a kiln car, sending the green bricks into a drying kiln, drying the green bricks at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, and then sending the green bricks into a tunnel kiln to sinter the green bricks in an oxygen-enriched environment.
Further, the mass ratio of the polluted soil to the limestone to the fly ash to the clay is 1:0.1 (1-1.5) to 2.2-4.
Further, the sintering temperature in the tunnel kiln is 1200-1300 ℃.
Further, an oxygen-enriched environment is formed in the tunnel kiln by introducing air, and the air flow rate is 2-3 m/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a brick kiln co-processing method of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the steps of digging out the heavy metal contaminated soil, making bricks by using the brick kiln, and performing pretreatment by using modified bentonite and polyacrylic acid before brick making, fixing and constraining the soil from the beginning, and preventing the heavy metal ions in the contaminated soil from being transferred and generating secondary pollution in the treatment process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
the invention relates to a method for the brick kiln co-processing of heavy metal contaminated soil, which comprises the steps of pretreatment and brick making, wherein the pretreatment step is to mix the contaminated soil and modified bentonite, spray polyacrylic acid solution, and perform heating and heat preservation reaction for 2-3 hours. The method comprises the following specific steps:
example one
Preparation of modified bentonite
Weighing bentonite, adding the bentonite into 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 45g/L, heating in a water bath to 60 ℃, carrying out heat preservation, stirring and reflux reaction for 13h, filtering a filter cake, washing to be neutral to obtain acidified bentonite, ultrasonically dispersing the acidified bentonite into deionized water, adding 0.1 time of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride by mass of the bentonite, stirring and dispersing at a speed of 1000r/min for 10min, heating in a water bath to 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 5h, intermittently dropwise adding 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane during the reaction period, wherein the mass ratio of the 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane to the bentonite is 1:3, uniformly dividing into three parts, adding at intervals of 1h, after the reaction is finished, filtering, cleaning a filter cake by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water sequentially, carrying out vacuum drying at a temperature of 60 ℃, grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, stirring and adding the powder into 45 wt% humic acid aqueous solution, adding 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to 5-6, shaking at 35 deg.C and 140r/min for 20 hr, vacuum filtering, washing filter cake to neutrality, and oven drying at 70 deg.C to obtain modified bentonite
Pretreatment of
Drying and crushing polluted soil, adding the polluted soil into a double-shaft stirrer, adding modified bentonite, stirring and mixing, adding a potassium persulfate solution, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the polluted soil to the modified bentonite to the potassium persulfate is 1:0.2:0.01, heating the mixture by using superheated steam, carrying out heat preservation reaction at the temperature of 85 ℃ for 3 hours, intermittently spraying 50 wt% of a polyacrylic acid solution in batches in the reaction process, controlling the mass ratio of the total added polyacrylic acid to the modified bentonite to be 1:1.5, controlling the water content of reactants to be 12-15%, and obtaining the pretreated polluted soil after the reaction is finished.
Brick making machine
S1: feeding the pretreated polluted soil, limestone, fly ash and clay into a powerful stirrer according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:1:2.2, uniformly stirring to obtain a premix, adding water during stirring, and controlling the water content of the raw materials to be below 16%;
s2: conveying the premix into a bipolar vacuum brick extruder by a belt conveyor, performing secondary stirring and simultaneously vacuumizing to increase the density of the obtained green bricks, finally extruding to obtain mud strips, and cutting the mud strips by a green brick cutter to obtain green bricks;
s3: stacking the green bricks on a kiln car, sending the green bricks into a drying kiln, drying the green bricks at the temperature of 150 ℃, sending the green bricks into a tunnel kiln, and sintering the green bricks in an oxygen-enriched environment under the conditions that the sintering temperature is 1300 ℃ and the air flow rate is 2 m/s.
Example two
Weighing bentonite, adding the bentonite into 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 50g/L, heating in a water bath to 60 ℃, carrying out heat preservation, stirring and reflux reaction for 14h, filtering a filter cake, washing to be neutral to obtain acidified bentonite, ultrasonically dispersing the acidified bentonite into deionized water, adding 0.12 time of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride by mass of the bentonite, stirring and dispersing at a speed of 1000r/min for 10min, heating in a water bath to 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 5h, intermittently dropwise adding 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane during the reaction period, wherein the mass ratio of the 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane to the bentonite is 1:3, uniformly dividing into three parts, adding at intervals of 1h, after the reaction is finished, filtering, cleaning a filter cake by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water sequentially, carrying out vacuum drying at a temperature of 60 ℃, grinding and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, stirring and adding the powder into 35 wt% humic acid aqueous solution, adding 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to 5-6, shaking at 35 deg.C and 130r/min for 22 hr, vacuum filtering, washing filter cake to neutrality, and oven drying at 65 deg.C to obtain modified bentonite
Pretreatment of
Drying and crushing polluted soil, adding the polluted soil into a double-shaft stirrer, adding modified bentonite, stirring and mixing, adding a potassium persulfate solution, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the polluted soil to the modified bentonite to the potassium persulfate is 1:0.15:0.01, heating the mixture by using superheated steam, carrying out heat preservation reaction at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 2 hours, intermittently spraying 50 wt% of a polyacrylic acid solution in batches in the reaction process, controlling the mass ratio of the total added polyacrylic acid to the modified bentonite to be 1:2, controlling the water content of reactants to be 12-15%, and obtaining the pretreated polluted soil after the reaction is finished.
Brick making machine
S1: feeding the pretreated polluted soil, limestone, fly ash and clay into a powerful stirrer according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:1.5:3, uniformly stirring to obtain a premix, adding water during stirring, and controlling the water content of the raw materials to be below 16%;
s2: conveying the premix into a bipolar vacuum brick extruder by a belt conveyor, performing secondary stirring and simultaneously vacuumizing to increase the density of the obtained green bricks, finally extruding to obtain mud strips, and cutting the mud strips by a green brick cutter to obtain green bricks;
s3: stacking the green bricks on a kiln car, sending the green bricks into a drying kiln, drying the green bricks at the temperature of 120 ℃, sending the green bricks into a tunnel kiln, and sintering the green bricks in an oxygen-enriched environment under the conditions that the sintering temperature is 1200 ℃ and the air flow rate is 2 m/s.
EXAMPLE III
Weighing bentonite, adding the bentonite into 1.0mol/L sulfuric acid solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 40g/L, heating in a water bath to 60 ℃, carrying out heat preservation, stirring and reflux reaction for 12 hours, filtering a filter cake, washing to be neutral to obtain acidified bentonite, ultrasonically dispersing the acidified bentonite into deionized water, adding 0.15 times of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride by mass of the bentonite, stirring and dispersing at a speed of 1000r/min for 10 minutes, heating in a water bath to 70 ℃, carrying out heat preservation reaction for 5 hours, intermittently dropwise adding 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane during the reaction period in batches, wherein the mass ratio of the 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane to the bentonite is 1:3, uniformly dividing into three parts, adding the three parts at intervals of 1 hour, filtering after the reaction is finished, cleaning a filter cake by using absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water sequentially, carrying out vacuum drying at a temperature of 60 ℃, grinding the filter cake through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, stirring and adding the powder into 30 wt% humic acid aqueous solution, adding 0.1mol/L potassium hydroxide solution to adjust pH to 5-6, shaking at 35 deg.C and 120r/min for 24 hr, vacuum filtering, washing filter cake to neutrality, and oven drying at 60 deg.C to obtain modified bentonite
Pretreatment of
Drying and crushing polluted soil, adding the polluted soil into a double-shaft stirrer, adding modified bentonite, stirring and mixing, adding a potassium persulfate solution, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the polluted soil to the modified bentonite to the potassium persulfate is 1:0.22:0.01, heating the mixture by using superheated steam, carrying out heat preservation reaction at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 2 hours, intermittently spraying 50 wt% of a polyacrylic acid solution in batches in the reaction process, controlling the mass ratio of the total added polyacrylic acid to the modified bentonite to be 1:2, controlling the water content of reactants to be 12-15%, and obtaining the pretreated polluted soil after the reaction is finished.
Brick making machine
S1: feeding the pretreated polluted soil, limestone, fly ash and clay into a powerful stirrer according to the mass ratio of 1:0.1:1.2:4, uniformly stirring to obtain a premix, adding water during stirring, and controlling the water content of the raw materials to be below 16%;
s2: conveying the premix into a bipolar vacuum brick extruder by a belt conveyor, performing secondary stirring and simultaneously vacuumizing to increase the density of the obtained green bricks, finally extruding to obtain mud strips, and cutting the mud strips by a green brick cutter to obtain green bricks;
s3: the green bricks are stacked on a kiln car, sent into a drying kiln, dried at the temperature of 130 ℃, then sent into a tunnel kiln, and sintered in an oxygen-enriched environment under the conditions that the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃ and the air flow rate is 3 m/s.
Example four
Compared with the first embodiment, the difference of the present embodiment is that the brick making is directly performed on the contaminated soil without performing a pretreatment step.
According to detection, heavy metals mainly contained in the polluted soil comprise copper (18.16mg/kg), zinc (82.76mg/kg), cadmium (20.37mg/kg), lead (16.95mg/kg), arsenic (25.96mg/kg) and chromium (14.33mg/kg), finished bricks prepared in the first to fourth embodiments are used for detecting and analyzing the content of the heavy metals according to a corresponding method in hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification GB5085.3-2007, and the test results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the method for treating the heavy metal contaminated soil can effectively immobilize the heavy metal ions in the contaminated soil and effectively reduce the leaching rate of the heavy metal ions, and the pretreatment step in the invention can effectively improve the immobilization effect of the heavy metal ions in the brick kiln co-treatment process by comparing the first embodiment with the fourth embodiment.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
1. The method for the brick kiln co-treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil is characterized by comprising the steps of pretreatment and brick making, wherein the pretreatment step is to mix the contaminated soil and the modified bentonite, spray polyacrylic acid solution, heat and keep the temperature and react for 2-3 hours.
2. The method for the brick kiln co-treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the modified bentonite is obtained by graft modification of bentonite with humic acid.
3. The method for the brick kiln co-processing of the heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the modified bentonite comprises the following steps: ultrasonically dispersing acidified bentonite in deionized water, adding hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stirring and dispersing for 10min, heating in a water bath to 70 ℃, preserving heat and reacting for 5h, intermittently and dropwise adding 3-chloropropyl triethoxysilane in batches during the reaction, filtering after the reaction is finished, cleaning a filter cake by using anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, vacuum drying, grinding and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain powder, stirring and adding the powder into a humic acid aqueous solution, adjusting the pH to 5-6, oscillating at constant temperature of 35 ℃ and 140r/min for 20-24h, performing suction filtration, washing the filter cake to be neutral, and drying to obtain the modified bentonite.
4. The method for the brick kiln co-processing of the heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the acidification treatment is: weighing bentonite, adding the bentonite into a sulfuric acid solution, heating the bentonite in a water bath to 60 ℃, preserving heat, stirring, refluxing and reacting for 12 to 14 hours, filtering a filter cake, and washing the filter cake to be neutral.
5. The method for the brick kiln co-processing of the heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pre-processing step is specifically as follows: drying and crushing the polluted soil, adding the polluted soil into a double-shaft stirrer, adding modified bentonite, stirring and mixing, adding a potassium persulfate solution, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain a mixture, heating the mixture by using superheated steam, carrying out heat preservation reaction at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for 2-3h, intermittently spraying a polyacrylic acid solution in batches during the reaction process, and obtaining the pretreated polluted soil after the reaction is finished.
6. The method for the brick kiln co-processing of the heavy metal contaminated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1: feeding the pretreated polluted soil, limestone, fly ash and clay into a powerful stirrer to be uniformly stirred to obtain a premix, adding water during stirring, and controlling the water content of the raw materials to be below 16%;
s2: conveying the premix into a bipolar vacuum brick extruder by a belt conveyor, performing secondary stirring and vacuum pumping, finally extruding to obtain mud strips, and cutting the mud strips by a blank cutter to obtain green bricks;
s3: stacking the green bricks on a kiln car, sending the green bricks into a drying kiln, drying the green bricks at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, and then sending the green bricks into a tunnel kiln to sinter the green bricks in an oxygen-enriched environment.
7. The method for the brick kiln co-processing of the heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the contaminated soil, the limestone, the fly ash and the clay is 1:0.1 (1-1.5) to (2.2-4).
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sintering temperature in the tunnel kiln is 1200-1300 ℃.
9. The method for the synergistic treatment of the heavy metal contaminated soil brick kiln as claimed in claim 8, wherein the tunnel kiln is internally provided with an oxygen-enriched environment through air introduction, and the air flow rate is 2-3 m/s.
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