CN113398497A - Dose delivery system for laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device - Google Patents
Dose delivery system for laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1042—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
- A61N5/1045—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head using a multi-leaf collimator, e.g. for intensity modulated radiation therapy or IMRT
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
- A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
- A61N2005/1034—Monte Carlo type methods; particle tracking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
- A61N2005/1088—Ions; Protons generated by laser radiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1092—Details
- A61N2005/1096—Elements inserted into the radiation path placed on the patient, e.g. bags, bolus, compensators
Abstract
The invention discloses a dose delivery system for a laser acceleration proton cancer treatment device, which focuses and constrains proton beam current generated by a laser plasma accelerator through a quadrupole magnet to form centimeter-level wide beam, a scatterer turntable carrying proton beams with different energies is rotated to corresponding gears (comprising a neutral gear and a beam blocking gear), and after the scattering of the proton beams is transversely expanded, the scanning dipole magnet is used for implementing active wide proton beam superposition. The control module can realize energy modulation in the longitudinal direction by selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dissipations in determined proportion. The invention adopts a scheme of combining scattering body beam expansion with wide proton beam superposition, avoids insufficient radiation field uniformity caused by overlarge emission angle of the proton beam driven by laser, and utilizes a longitudinal laminating method of actively selecting proton beams with different energy to reduce the scattering of the beams in the process of dose delivery to the greatest extent and improve the utilization rate of the proton beams with large energy dispersion and large dispersion angle generated by laser acceleration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of proton radiotherapy, and particularly relates to a dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device.
Background
Proton radiotherapy has received much attention since its introduction due to its unique dosimetric advantages and good relative biological effects, and is considered to be one of the most effective radiation therapy approaches. The proton beam produced by the novel laser plasma accelerator is used for tumor radiotherapy, which is a technical scheme of proton radiotherapy based on a rapidly developed laser acceleration technology. Because the laser plasma accelerator has an acceleration gradient which is higher than that of the traditional proton accelerator (circular, synchronous or linear) by a plurality of orders of magnitude, the laser plasma accelerator can greatly improve the compactness degree of equipment on the basis of the current proton radiotherapy device so as to solve the difficulties of large occupied area, high equipment cost, high operation and maintenance cost and the like of the current proton radiotherapy equipment.
The dose delivery systems currently used in conventional proton radiotherapy devices can be broadly divided into two categories: one type is an active dose delivery system represented by a scanning treatment head, which is characterized in that active control over proton beam current is realized through scanning magnets in two directions, and dose delivery is completed in a point scanning or grid scanning mode; the other type of passive dose delivery system is represented by a scattering therapy head, and is characterized in that transverse expansion of proton beam current is completed through a scattering body, and shaping of proton energy spectrum is completed by matching with an energy modulation wheel or a ridge filter so as to achieve the purpose of proton dose delivery.
Considering that the property of a proton beam driven by a laser plasma accelerator is greatly different from that of a proton beam generated by a traditional accelerator (large energy dispersion, large dispersion angle and the like), the dose delivery system used for the traditional proton radiotherapy device at present cannot well match the characteristic of the laser accelerated proton beam, and is particularly characterized in that the traditional scanning treatment head system requires high quality of the proton beam, the traditional scattering treatment head system has limited improvement on the uniformity of the proton beam and faces the problem of small beam utilization rate, and the proton beam with large energy dispersion and large dispersion angle cannot be fully utilized for dose delivery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device, aiming at the characteristics of proton beams generated by laser acceleration and combining the application requirements of a laser plasma accelerator on the aspect of proton beam dose delivery.
The invention relates to a dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device, which comprises a quadrupole magnet, a turntable scatterer, a dipolar scanning magnet pair, a monitoring ionization chamber system, a collimation conformal device system and a control module, wherein the monitoring ionization chamber system comprises a position monitoring ionization chamber and a dose monitoring ionization chamber, and the collimation conformal device system comprises a field collimator, a dynamic multi-leaf collimator, a nozzle and a compensator; selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dispersion in a determined proportion by a control module, performing bidirectional constraint focusing through a quadrupole magnetic field to enable the proton beams to form a beam waist in front of a turntable scatterer, and monitoring the center of the proton beams in real time by a first position monitoring ionization chamber; and then the proton beam enters a turntable scatterer to carry out primary transverse beam expansion, the proton beam scattered by the turntable scatterer is subjected to wide beam scanning superposition by a two-dimensional scanning magnet, then the proton beam is collimated by a shooting field collimator, the spatial position and the dosage of the proton beam are respectively monitored in real time by a second position monitoring ionization chamber and a dosage monitoring ionization chamber, then the proton beam enters a dynamic multi-leaf collimator to form a proton irradiation field adaptive to a target area of the tumor, and then enters a nozzle and a compensator to reduce the transverse half shadow of the proton beam and realize the shape adaptation of the back edge of the tumor.
Before the dosage of a proton beam generated by a laser plasma accelerator is delivered, the number of proton energy layers of a tumor target area and the energy and energy dispersion of each layer of the proton beam are configured through a control module, and proton beams with different energies and energy dispersions in a determined proportion are selected and transported to a dosage delivery system through a beam distribution system. In the dose delivery system, the quadrupole magnet is used for performing bidirectional constrained focusing on the proton beam after passing through the beam distribution system, so that the proton beam forms a beam waist in front of the turntable scatterer, for example, the proton beam is bidirectionally focused to form a wide proton beam with a beam spot diameter of 0.5cm-5.0cm, and after the center of the proton beam is detected by the first position monitoring ionization chamber, the proton beam with a centimeter-level width and a Gaussian-like transverse distribution enters the turntable scatterer to perform preliminary transverse beam expansion and uniformity improvement.
The turntable scatterer is used for performing primary transverse beam expansion on proton beams with different energies.
The two-pole scanning magnet pair is used for carrying out wide beam scanning superposition on the proton beam after scattering. And adjusting the scanning step length of the two-pole scanning magnet pair according to the set uniformity requirement and the phase space data of the proton beam, so that the transverse uniformity of the proton beam after wide beam scanning and superposition is improved to be within the set requirement.
The monitoring ionization chamber system is used for monitoring the position and the dose of a proton beam in real time and is provided with two position monitoring ionization chambers and a dose monitoring ionization chamber, wherein the first position monitoring ionization chamber is arranged in front of the turntable scatterer and used for monitoring the center of the proton beam flow in real time, and the dose monitoring ionization chamber and the second position monitoring ionization chamber are arranged behind the field collimator in a combined mode and used for monitoring the space position and the dose of the proton beam in real time.
The collimation conformal device system is used for conformal irradiation and reducing the transverse penumbra of a proton beam and is provided with a field collimator, a dynamic multi-leaf collimator, a nozzle and a compensator. The field collimator is provided with a pair of X, Y-direction collimating blocks, is positioned behind the two-pole scanning magnet pair, and is used for carrying out field collimation on the scattered proton beam and scanning beam to form a primary field range; the dynamic multi-leaf collimator is arranged behind the combination of the dose monitoring ionization chamber and the second position monitoring ionization chamber and is used for changing the field shape according to the target area when proton beams are longitudinally laminated; a nozzle and compensator are mounted at the end of the dose delivery system for reduction of the proton beam lateral penumbra and for achieving trailing edge conformation to the tumor.
The control module is used for actively selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dissipations in a determined proportion. Preferably, in an embodiment of the present invention, the scatterer of the turntable is installed on the turntable device in a mode that 1 hole and 1 beam blocking plate are matched with a plurality of scatterers, and different scatterers correspond to beam expanding gears of proton beams with different energies, and rotate protons with different energies to the corresponding beam expanding gears.
Preferably, for the shape and material of the turntable diffuser, lead blocks with streamline profiles are adopted, and polycarbonate blocks matched with the shapes of the lead blocks are combined. In an embodiment of the invention, each scatterer of the turntable scatterers consists of a lead streamline scatterer and a polycarbonate scatterer, wherein the lead streamline scatterer can be designed by Monte Carlo simulation software, the maximum thickness of the center of the lead streamline scatterer is between 0.1mm and 1.0mm, the maximum thickness of the edge of the polycarbonate scatterer for energy compensation is between 0.2cm and 0.8cm, and the transverse uniformity of proton beams scattered by the turntable scatterer can reach within +/-8%.
Preferably, the leaf material of the dynamic multi-leaf collimator is aluminum, and the stepping precision is 0.1 mm. The dynamic multi-leaf collimator can change the shape of the opening according to the transverse section of the target area to form an adaptive proton irradiation field on the basis of the range of the primary beam field of the proton beam.
Preferably, for the nozzle, a brass stop block is used in combination with a brass conical cylinder.
Generally speaking, the dose delivery system of the invention focuses and constrains proton beam current generated by the laser plasma accelerator through the quadrupole magnet to form centimeter-level wide beam, the scatterer turntable carrying proton beams with different energies is rotated to corresponding gears (including a neutral gear and a beam blocking gear), and after scattering of the proton beams is transversely expanded, the scanning dipole magnet is used for implementing active wide proton beam superposition. The control module can realize energy modulation in the longitudinal direction by selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dissipations in determined proportion. Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:
in the aspect of transverse extension of the proton beam driven by the laser, a method of combining a scatterer and wide beam scanning superposition is adopted, so that the defect of poor field uniformity caused by overlarge emission angle of the proton beam driven by the laser is avoided, the transverse uniformity of the proton beam is improved, and the utilization rate of protons with large divergence angles is improved; in the aspect of energy modulation, a mode of actively selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dispersion in a determined proportion is adopted, so that further loss of scattering substances such as an energy modulation device to the proton beams is avoided, the dispersion of the beams in the process of dose delivery is reduced to the greatest extent, and the utilization rate of the proton beams with large energy dispersion is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device, in which: 1-laser plasma accelerator, 2-beam distribution system, 3-quadrupole magnetic field, 4-first position monitoring ionization chamber, 5-turntable scatterer, 6-dipolar scanning magnet pair, 7-field collimator, 8-second position monitoring ionization chamber, 9-dose monitoring ionization chamber, 10-dynamic multi-leaf collimator, 11-nozzle, 12-compensator, 13-isocenter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton cancer treatment device according to the present embodiment. The laser plasma accelerator 1 is used as a proton beam generated by a proton source, the energy of the generated protons is in the range of 0-100MeV, and the number of the generated proton beams per laser target is 107Above, the repetition frequency is not less than 1.0 Hz. Before the dosage is delivered, the number of proton energy layers of the tumor target area and the energy and energy dispersion of proton beams required by each layer are configured through a control module. For shallower tumor treatment requirements (modulation depth in the range of 2.5cm-7.6 cm), the proton energy layers that can be selected by the control module are: the solar cell comprises a 100MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-1%, a 96MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-4%, an 87MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-4%, a 78MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-5%, a 69MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-5%, a 61MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-5% and a 53MeV energy layer capable of dispersing +/-5%, proton beam weight ratios are 0.6546, 0.7840, 0.3391, 0.2997, 0.1834, 0.1484 and 0.1164, the flatness of an extended Bragg peak superposed by dosage curves of seven energy layers can reach +/-3%, and the far-end dosage falls to 4 mm. When the dosage is delivered, a proton beam with energy dispersion of +/-1% and 100MeV generated by the laser plasma accelerator 1 is firstly transported to the front of a quadrupole magnetic field 3 through a beam distribution system 2. The quadrupole magnetic field 3 is composed of three quadrupole magnets with the same specification, the maximum magnetic field gradient is 10.5T/m, and the quadrupole magnetic field is used for bidirectionally focusing the proton beam at the tail end of the beam distribution system 2 in front of the turntable scatterer 5 to form a wide proton beam with the beam spot diameter of 0.5cm-5.0 cm. Passing through a first position monitorAfter the ionization measuring chamber 4 detects the center of the proton beam flow, the proton beam with centimeter-level width and transverse distribution in a Gaussian-like shape enters the turntable scatterer 5 to perform preliminary transverse beam expansion and uniformity improvement, the shape of a lead streamline scatterer on the turntable scatterer 5 is designed by Monte Carlo simulation software, the maximum thickness of the center of the lead streamline scatterer is between 0.1mm and 1.0mm, the maximum thickness of the edge of the polycarbonate scatterer for energy compensation is between 0.2cm and 0.8cm, and the transverse uniformity of the proton beam after being scattered by the turntable scatterer 5 can reach within +/-8 percent. And (3) carrying out wide beam scanning superposition on the scattered proton beam 6 by using a two-pole scanning magnet, and adjusting the scanning step length of the two-pole scanning magnet 6 according to the set uniformity requirement of +/-5% and the phase space data of the proton beam, so that the transverse uniformity of the proton beam after wide beam scanning superposition is promoted to be within +/-5%. After the proton beams are scanned and overlapped in a wide beam mode, a field collimator 7 is arranged in the direction of X, Y to collimate the proton beams, and a primary field range of 10.0cm multiplied by 10.0cm is formed. The rear dose monitoring ionization chamber 9 and the second position monitoring ionization chamber 8 are combined to work gas of neon, the sensitive area is 10.0cm multiplied by 10.0cm, and the spatial position and the dose of the proton beam are monitored in real time. Then the proton beam enters a dynamic multi-leaf collimator 10 with the leaf material of aluminum and the stepping precision of 0.1mm, and the dynamic multi-leaf collimator 10 can change the shape of an opening according to the transverse section of a target area to form an adaptive proton irradiation field on the basis of the primary field range of the proton beam of 10.0cm multiplied by 10.0 cm. After the proton beam enters a nozzle 11 and a compensator 12 at the tail end of the dose delivery system, the transverse penumbra of the proton beam can be greatly reduced, and the trailing edge of the tumor can be conformed. The barrier block of the nozzle 11 is a copper block with the thickness of 2.1cm, the difference of the front and rear inner diameters of the conical cylinder is 0.3cm, and the transverse penumbra can be reduced to the level below the clinical limit value of 5.0mm at the position of the nozzle 11, which is 50cm away from the isocenter 13 and perpendicular to the central axis plane of the proton beam. The above can accomplish proton beam dose delivery for a 100MeV single energy layer with energy spread of ± 1%. Selecting proton beam with energy dispersion in the range of +/-1% to +/-5% of the next energy layer through a control module of a beam distribution system, readjusting the gear of a turntable scatterer 5 and the scanning step length of a two-pole scanning magnet pair 6 according to the set uniformity requirement, and switching dynamic multi-blade according to each energy layer during actual treatmentThe opening shape of the collimator 10, cooperating with the special compensator 12 shape of the patient, can be superposed to the even and stable three-dimensional dose distribution in the planned target area, the standard deviation of the whole dose value of the target area is within plus or minus 3%, the flatness of the longitudinal depth dose distribution is within plus or minus 3%, the far-end dose falls to 4mm, the transverse uniformity is within plus or minus 5%, and the transverse penumbra is below 5.0mm, thus meeting the dose delivery requirement of clinical treatment.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dose delivery system for a laser-accelerated proton carcinostatic device comprising a quadrupole magnet, a rotating disk diffuser, a dipole scanning magnet pair, a monitoring ionization chamber system comprising a first position monitoring ionization chamber, a second position monitoring ionization chamber, and a dose monitoring ionization chamber, and a collimation conformal device system comprising a field collimator, a dynamic multi-leaf collimator, a nozzle, and a compensator, and a control module; selecting proton beams with different energies and energy dispersion in a determined proportion by a control module, performing bidirectional constraint focusing through a quadrupole magnetic field to enable the proton beams to form a beam waist in front of a turntable scatterer, and monitoring the center of the proton beams in real time by a first position monitoring ionization chamber; and then the proton beam enters a turntable scatterer to carry out primary transverse beam expansion, the proton beam scattered by the turntable scatterer is subjected to wide beam scanning superposition by a two-dimensional scanning magnet, then the proton beam is collimated by a shooting collimator, the spatial position and the dosage of the proton beam are respectively monitored in real time by a first position monitoring ionization chamber and a dosage monitoring ionization chamber, then the proton beam enters a dynamic multi-leaf collimator to form a proton irradiation field adaptive to a target area of the tumor, and then enters a nozzle and a compensator to reduce the transverse half shadow of the proton beam and realize the shape adaptation of the back edge of the tumor.
2. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the first position monitoring ionization chamber is placed in front of a rotating disk diffuser for real-time monitoring of proton beam current center; the dose monitoring ionization chamber and the second position monitoring ionization chamber are arranged behind the field collimator in a combined mode and are used for monitoring the spatial position and the dose of the proton beam in real time.
3. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the field collimator is provided with a pair of X, Y-directional collimating blocks located behind the pair of dipole scanning magnets for field collimating the scattered proton beam to form a range of primary fields.
4. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the diffuser of the rotating disk is provided with a plurality of diffusers, a void, and a beam blocking plate, all mounted on the rotating disk device, different diffusers corresponding to beam expansion shifts of proton beams of different energies.
5. The dose delivery system of claim 4, wherein each diffuser of the rotating disk diffusers consists of a lead streamlined diffuser having a center maximum thickness between 0.1mm and 1.0mm and a polycarbonate diffuser having an edge maximum thickness between 0.2cm and 0.8 cm.
6. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the leaf material of the dynamic multi-leaf collimator is aluminum with a step precision of 0.1 mm.
7. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the dynamic multi-leaf collimator changes the shape of the opening in accordance with the target transverse cross-section to form an adapted proton irradiation field based on a range of proton beam primary fields.
8. The dose delivery system of claim 1, wherein the nozzle is comprised of a brass stop and a brass cone.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114501767A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 北京大学 | Laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization method and device |
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| EP2313155A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2011-04-27 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Device and method for particle therapy monitoring and verification |
| CN213159024U (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-05-11 | 连卫东 | Beam distribution mechanism of proton accelerator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2313155A1 (en) * | 2008-05-06 | 2011-04-27 | Ion Beam Applications S.A. | Device and method for particle therapy monitoring and verification |
| CN213159024U (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-05-11 | 连卫东 | Beam distribution mechanism of proton accelerator |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114501767A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-13 | 北京大学 | Laser-accelerated proton beam homogenization method and device |
| CN114501767B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-02-28 | 北京大学 | Laser acceleration proton beam homogenization method and device |
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Application publication date: 20210917 |