CN113394634A - Construction method of three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil - Google Patents
Construction method of three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113394634A CN113394634A CN202110693854.2A CN202110693854A CN113394634A CN 113394634 A CN113394634 A CN 113394634A CN 202110693854 A CN202110693854 A CN 202110693854A CN 113394634 A CN113394634 A CN 113394634A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/58—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation characterised by the form or material of the contacting members
- H01R4/66—Connections with the terrestrial mass, e.g. earth plate, earth pin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of construction preparation, drawing verification and construction site investigation, measurement paying-off, grounding area excavation, horizontal grounding grid measurement paying-off and cable laying, well type vertical grounding electrode drilling and installation, hot melting welding, main network outgoing line welding and installation, backfilling and grounding resistance testing and acceptance. According to the invention, the three-dimensional composite grounding grid system is formed by adding the vertical grounding electrodes on the periphery of the horizontal grounding grid, so that the remarkable effects of effectively reducing grounding resistance, contact voltage and step potential can be achieved; the adopted hot melting welding technology ensures that the welding point has stronger corrosion resistance, prolongs the service life and is suitable for the strong corrosion environment in desert areas.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a construction method of a grounding grid, in particular to a construction method of a three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil.
Background art:
in the traditional grounding mode, hot galvanized steel is adopted as a grounding net material, inspection and maintenance are required within a certain service life (6-10 years), and along with large-area hardening of the road surface of a transformer substation and a power plant, the grounding net is entirely and deeply buried under the hardened ground and a building, so that the difficulty of excavation, reconstruction, maintenance and repair is increased; for the desert area, most of soil is sand, which belongs to tropical desert climate, air is high temperature and moist all the year round, corrosivity is strong, and the desert area soil has environmental characteristics of higher resistivity and strong corrosivity, according to the natural situation of the desert area, through surveying the related data of the soil, we can analyze that the resistivity rho s of the soil of different layers has great difference, and when the resistivity rho s is 0-0.2m, the rho s =8000 omega.m; 0.5m or less is ρ s =76.6 Ω · m, the soil resistivity is high, and the difference in the soil resistivity of different layers is large; the resistivity of soil is generally distributed unevenly along the transverse direction and the depth, usually the resistivity within a few meters near the ground is extremely unstable and changes along with the influence of seasonal climate, and the resistivity is more stable as the soil layer is deeper.
The invention adopts the mode that the horizontal grounding grid and the vertical grounding electrode are connected in parallel to form the three-dimensional composite grounding grid, because the grounding of the vertical grounding electrode not only can effectively reduce the resistance, but also can reduce the influence caused by the local natural environment and seasonal climate change; the service life is prolonged, the problem of overhauling the grounding grid does not exist, and the effects of long-term maintenance-free, safe and reliable operation can be achieved. The copper grounding grid is more energy-saving and more economical in the long run.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method for constructing the three-dimensional compound grounding grid in the desert soil overcomes the defects of the prior art, adopts a mode that a horizontal grounding grid and a vertical grounding electrode are connected in parallel, can effectively reduce contact voltage, step potential and grounding resistance, can reduce the influence caused by the change of local natural environment and seasonal climate, and prolongs the service life.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a construction method of a three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil comprises the following steps:
A. construction preparation:
firstly, preparing construction machines, instruments, cables, copper strands, grounding electrodes and welding fluxes required by construction;
secondly, surveying the construction site by combining drawings, and ensuring that the position of the grounding electrode is not under the foundation, the column corner and the bearing wall;
thirdly, excavating a foundation: according to the depth, the width and the length of the main network, a theodolite and a leveling instrument are used for measuring and setting out control points of each installation working surface, and a white grey line is drawn according to a ground area of the retest; if no buried pipeline or other embedded parts exist, the copper grounding grid plane foundation pit can be directly excavated, the pit bottom is straight, and the pit passing through the ditch ridge is in smooth transition;
fourthly, measurement and paying-off of the horizontal grounding grid: retesting the distribution area of the grounding grid by using a theodolite, drawing a white gray line according to the retested path of the grounding grid, and piling at all vertical grounding electrode positions;
B. installation of the grounding electrode and the grounding cable:
a. drilling according to the piling position, installing a grounding electrode, exposing the top of the grounding electrode to the ground by 2.0-2.5 m, backfilling the original soil in the hole after the grounding electrode is installed and the quality inspection personnel check the soil one by one, tamping the soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90 percent of the original soil, and paving a copper grounding electrode and backfilling the copper grounding electrode on the same day; each grounding electrode and two copper cables are bound and fixed by copper cables, and the copper cable joints are flush with the grounding electrode;
b. backfilling soil in an earth electrode area, simultaneously keeping tamping every backfilling 30cm of soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil, loosening and binding a bare copper cable and additionally installing a PVC pipe when the original soil is backfilled to the depth of 900mm, pressing and connecting the end part of the copper cable with a tinned double-hole copper nose, fastening the tinned double-hole copper nose with a copper connecting plate through a chromium-plated bolt, and simultaneously fixing the tinned double-hole copper nose with the earth electrode through a U-shaped clamp;
c. when the backfilling depth of fine sand is 250mm, mounting the prefabricated concrete prefabricated well cover of the grounding test well and leveling the prefabricated well cover with the ground;
C. welding a grounding grid:
a. before welding, the copper cable, the welding mould cavity and the flow passage are required to be cleaned, and the copper cable joint and the hot melting welding mould are preheated;
b. installing the copper conductor into a mold cavity, enabling the end faces of the conductor to be abutted together, and adjusting to enable the contact face to be positioned in the center of the mold cavity, so that the condition that two copper cables in the mold cavity are long at one side and short at the other side is avoided, and the mold and the copper conductor are firmly fixed by using a mold clamp;
c. placing a copper isolating sheet into the mold cavity of the mold, and enabling the copper isolating sheet to be positioned in the right center of the mold cavity to seal the runner port and isolate the molten powder from the lead;
d. pouring the melting powder into a die cavity of a die, leveling the melting powder, uniformly spreading the ignition powder on the surface of the melting powder, and leaving a little ignition powder to be scattered on a cover opening of the die so as to facilitate the ignition of an ignition gun; finally, covering a top cover of the mold;
e. an operator enables the cover opening of the die to face back to the operator, presses the top cover of the die by a wood stick, ignites ignition powder at the cover opening of the die by an ignition gun, opens the die after the die is cooled for 2-3 minutes, and removes welding slag by a brush;
f. after welding, removing burrs of the welding point by using a polishing machine, and polishing smoothly;
D. welding and installing a main network lead-out wire:
respectively leading the working grounding wire and the protective grounding wire out of the ground by 0.5m from the horizontal grounding body near the positions of the framework and the equipment foundation, and performing anti-corrosion treatment on the welding place; all the grounding wires must be left with enough length to be bent naturally during construction, and the leading-out wire heads must be protected;
E. backfilling a horizontal grounding grid, testing and checking grounding resistance:
a. checking the laying condition of the copper conductor, and tamping the backfilled soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil;
b. when 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the whole construction of the grounding grid and the final completion of the construction of the whole grounding grid are completed, the grounding grid is subjected to stage test and acceptance and relevant records and visas are made respectively, and the grounding resistance cannot exceed 5 omega.
The grounding grid is distributed in a rectangular shape, 50-60 triangular vertical grounding electrode groups are uniformly additionally arranged on the periphery of the rectangular grounding grid, each triangular vertical grounding electrode group consists of three well-type vertical grounding electrodes, 150 pure copper grounding electrodes are used in total, and the positions of the grounding electrodes are determined to be not under a foundation, a column corner and a bearing wall.
The grounding conductor is a copper cable.
The distance between three well-type vertical grounding electrodes in the triangular vertical grounding electrode group is 1.9 m.
The copper cables used by the grounding grid lead and the grounding electrode are not provided with PVC insulation protection, and the length of the copper grounding electrode is at least 2.44 meters, and the diameter of the copper grounding electrode is not less than 16 mm; bare copper should be tin used if the resistivity in the soil is less than 70 ohms per meter.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects:
1. the invention selects the copper grounding conductor as the main material of the grounding net, and the triangular vertical grounding electrode groups are uniformly arranged around the rectangular grounding net, thereby forming the three-dimensional composite grounding net system, achieving the effects of reducing grounding resistance, contact voltage and step potential, and reducing the influence caused by the local natural environment and seasonal climate change.
2. The hot-melting welding technology adopted by the invention utilizes aluminum with stronger activity to reduce copper oxide, has high welding speed, firm welding spot and strong current-carrying capacity, the service life of the copper grounding grid reaches more than 30 years, the problem of overhauling the grounding grid basically does not exist, and the effects of long-term maintenance-free, safe and reliable operation can be achieved; the copper grounding grid is more energy-saving and more economical in the long run.
3. Compared with the traditional arc welding, copper-silver brazing and mechanical compression welding, the hot-melt welding technology adopted in the construction process has the advantages of high welding speed, labor saving, firm welding point, strong current carrying capacity, no spot corrosion of the hot-melt welding point and capability of realizing the long-term reliable and safe operation of the grounding system.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further explained and illustrated below:
example (b):
a construction method of a three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil comprises the following steps:
A. construction preparation:
firstly, preparing construction machines, instruments, cables, copper strands, grounding electrodes and welding fluxes required by construction;
secondly, surveying the construction site by combining drawings, and ensuring that the position of the grounding electrode is not under the foundation, the column corner and the bearing wall;
thirdly, excavating a foundation: according to the depth, the width and the length of the main network, a theodolite and a leveling instrument are used for measuring and setting out control points of each installation working surface, and a white grey line is drawn according to a ground area of the retest; if no buried pipeline or other embedded parts exist, the copper grounding grid plane foundation pit can be directly excavated, the pit bottom is straight, and the pit passing through the ditch ridge is in smooth transition;
fourthly, measurement and paying-off of the horizontal grounding grid: retesting the distribution area of the grounding grid by using a theodolite, drawing a white gray line according to the retested path of the grounding grid, and piling at all vertical grounding electrode positions;
B. installation of the grounding electrode and the grounding cable:
a. drilling according to the piling position, installing a grounding electrode, exposing the top of the grounding electrode to the ground by 2.0-2.5 m, backfilling the original soil in the hole after the grounding electrode is installed and the quality inspection personnel check the soil one by one, tamping the soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90 percent of the original soil, and paving a copper grounding electrode and backfilling the copper grounding electrode on the same day; each grounding electrode and two copper cables are bound and fixed by copper cables, and the copper cable joints are flush with the grounding electrode;
b. backfilling soil in an earth electrode area, simultaneously keeping tamping every backfilling 30cm of soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil, loosening and binding a bare copper cable and additionally installing a PVC pipe when the original soil is backfilled to the depth of 900mm, pressing and connecting the end part of the copper cable with a tinned double-hole copper nose, fastening the tinned double-hole copper nose with a copper connecting plate through a chromium-plated bolt, and simultaneously fixing the tinned double-hole copper nose with the earth electrode through a U-shaped clamp;
c. when the backfilling depth of fine sand is 250mm, mounting the prefabricated concrete prefabricated well cover of the grounding test well and leveling the prefabricated well cover with the ground;
C. welding a grounding grid:
a. before welding, the copper cable, the welding mould cavity and the flow passage are required to be cleaned, and the copper cable joint and the hot melting welding mould are preheated;
b. installing the copper conductor into a mold cavity, enabling the end faces of the conductor to be abutted together, and adjusting to enable the contact face to be positioned in the center of the mold cavity, so that the condition that two copper cables in the mold cavity are long at one side and short at the other side is avoided, and the mold and the copper conductor are firmly fixed by using a mold clamp;
c. placing a copper isolating sheet into the mold cavity of the mold, and enabling the copper isolating sheet to be positioned in the right center of the mold cavity to seal the runner port and isolate the molten powder from the lead;
d. pouring the melting powder into a die cavity of a die, leveling the melting powder, uniformly spreading the ignition powder on the surface of the melting powder, and leaving a little ignition powder to be scattered on a cover opening of the die so as to facilitate the ignition of an ignition gun; finally, covering a top cover of the mold;
e. an operator enables the cover opening of the die to face back to the operator, presses the top cover of the die by a wood stick, ignites ignition powder at the cover opening of the die by an ignition gun, opens the die after the die is cooled for 2-3 minutes, and removes welding slag by a brush;
f. after welding, removing burrs of the welding point by using a polishing machine, and polishing smoothly;
D. welding and installing a main network lead-out wire:
respectively leading the working grounding wire and the protective grounding wire out of the ground by 0.5m from the horizontal grounding body near the positions of the framework and the equipment foundation, and performing anti-corrosion treatment on the welding place; all the grounding wires must be left with enough length to be bent naturally during construction, and the leading-out wire heads must be protected;
E. backfilling a horizontal grounding grid, testing and checking grounding resistance:
a. checking the laying condition of the copper conductor, and tamping the backfilled soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil;
b. when 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the whole construction of the grounding grid and the final completion of the construction of the whole grounding grid are completed, the grounding grid is subjected to stage test and acceptance and relevant records and visas are made respectively, and the grounding resistance cannot exceed 5 omega.
In the above description, the grounding grid is distributed in a rectangular shape, 50-60 triangular vertical grounding electrode groups are uniformly added around the rectangular grounding grid, each triangular vertical grounding electrode group is composed of three well-type vertical grounding electrodes, a total of 150 pure copper grounding electrodes are used, and the positions of the grounding electrodes are determined not to be under the foundation, the column corner and the bearing wall.
In the above description, the ground conductor is a copper cable.
In the above description, the distance between the three well-type vertical grounding electrodes in the triangular vertical grounding electrode group is 1.9 m.
In the above description, the copper cables used for the grounding grid wires and the grounding electrode are not provided with PVC insulation protection, and the copper grounding electrode has a length of at least 2.44 meters and a diameter of not less than 16 mm; bare copper should be tin used if the resistivity in the soil is less than 70 ohms per meter.
In practical operation, the foundation of the main grounding grid is a rectangular foundation with the depth of 56.07 multiplied by 38.08m and 2.2 m; the ground grid conductor is laid on the ground with the depth of 2200mm in zero meter, the grounding lead is a bare copper cable with the thickness of 400mm2, the single grid in the rectangular grounding grid is 2670 multiplied by 2720mm, wherein 120 welding points are arranged in the T line, and 260 cross welding points are arranged.
In actual operation, construction is carried out according to the arrangement sequence of the rectangular grids of the grounding grid, copper cables are laid along one end of the trench in sequence, the copper cables are required to be tightly attached to the bottom of the trench, cannot be tilted and cannot have a snake bend, and the requirement of buried depth is met; and in the hot melting welding process, after the T-joint and the ten-joint in the construction rectangular grid are welded, the copper cable hot melting welding of the next grid is carried out.
According to the invention, the three-dimensional composite grounding grid system is formed by adding the vertical grounding electrodes on the periphery of the horizontal grounding grid, so that the remarkable effects of effectively reducing grounding resistance, contact voltage and step potential can be achieved; the adopted hot-melt welding technology utilizes aluminum with stronger activity to reduce copper oxide, has high welding speed, firm welding point and strong current-carrying capacity, ensures that the welding point has stronger corrosion resistance, is convenient and quick to operate, can save a large amount of working hours and labor cost, and shortens the construction period; meanwhile, the service life of the copper grounding grid reaches more than 30 years, the problem of overhauling the grounding grid does not exist basically, and the effects of long-term maintenance-free operation, safe and reliable operation can be achieved; the copper grounding grid meets the strict requirements of the desert area on a grounding system, is suitable for medium or strong corrosion environment in the desert area, and is more energy-saving and more economical in the long run.
Claims (5)
1. A construction method of a three-dimensional compound grounding grid in desert soil is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. construction preparation:
firstly, preparing construction machines, instruments, cables, copper strands, grounding electrodes and welding fluxes required by construction;
secondly, surveying the construction site by combining drawings, and ensuring that the position of the grounding electrode is not under the foundation, the column corner and the bearing wall;
thirdly, excavating a foundation: according to the depth, the width and the length of the main network, a theodolite and a leveling instrument are used for measuring and setting out control points of each installation working surface, and a white grey line is drawn according to a ground area of the retest; if no buried pipeline or other embedded parts exist, the copper grounding grid plane foundation pit can be directly excavated, the pit bottom is straight, and the pit passing through the ditch ridge is in smooth transition;
fourthly, measurement and paying-off of the horizontal grounding grid: retesting the distribution area of the grounding grid by using a theodolite, drawing a white gray line according to the retested path of the grounding grid, and piling at all vertical grounding electrode positions;
B. installation of the grounding electrode and the grounding cable:
a. drilling according to the piling position, installing a grounding electrode, exposing the top of the grounding electrode to the ground by 2.0-2.5 m, backfilling the original soil in the hole after the grounding electrode is installed and the quality inspection personnel check the soil one by one, tamping the soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90 percent of the original soil, and paving a copper grounding electrode and backfilling the copper grounding electrode on the same day; each grounding electrode and two copper cables are bound and fixed by copper cables, and the copper cable joints are flush with the grounding electrode;
b. backfilling soil in an earth electrode area, simultaneously keeping tamping every backfilling 30cm of soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil, loosening and binding a bare copper cable and additionally installing a PVC pipe when the original soil is backfilled to the depth of 900mm, pressing and connecting the end part of the copper cable with a tinned double-hole copper nose, fastening the tinned double-hole copper nose with a copper connecting plate through a chromium-plated bolt, and simultaneously fixing the tinned double-hole copper nose with the earth electrode through a U-shaped clamp;
c. when the backfilling depth of fine sand is 250mm, mounting the prefabricated concrete prefabricated well cover of the grounding test well and leveling the prefabricated well cover with the ground;
C. welding a grounding grid:
a. before welding, the copper cable, the welding mould cavity and the flow passage are required to be cleaned, and the copper cable joint and the hot melting welding mould are preheated;
b. installing the copper conductor into a mold cavity, enabling the end faces of the conductor to be abutted together, and adjusting to enable the contact face to be positioned in the center of the mold cavity, so that the condition that two copper cables in the mold cavity are long at one side and short at the other side is avoided, and the mold and the copper conductor are firmly fixed by using a mold clamp;
c. placing a copper isolating sheet into the mold cavity of the mold, and enabling the copper isolating sheet to be positioned in the right center of the mold cavity to seal the runner port and isolate the molten powder from the lead;
d. pouring the melting powder into a die cavity of a die, leveling the melting powder, uniformly spreading the ignition powder on the surface of the melting powder, and leaving a little ignition powder to be scattered on a cover opening of the die so as to facilitate the ignition of an ignition gun; finally, covering a top cover of the mold;
e. an operator enables the cover opening of the die to face back to the operator, presses the top cover of the die by a wood stick, ignites ignition powder at the cover opening of the die by an ignition gun, opens the die after the die is cooled for 2-3 minutes, and removes welding slag by a brush;
f. after welding, removing burrs of the welding point by using a polishing machine, and polishing smoothly;
D. welding and installing a main network lead-out wire:
respectively leading the working grounding wire and the protective grounding wire out of the ground by 0.5m from the horizontal grounding body near the positions of the framework and the equipment foundation, and performing anti-corrosion treatment on the welding place; all the grounding wires must be left with enough length to be bent naturally during construction, and the leading-out wire heads must be protected;
E. backfilling a horizontal grounding grid, testing and checking grounding resistance:
a. checking the laying condition of the copper conductor, and tamping the backfilled soil once every 30cm of backfilled soil to ensure that the backfilling compactness reaches more than 90% of the original soil;
b. when 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 of the whole construction of the grounding grid and the final completion of the construction of the whole grounding grid are completed, the grounding grid is subjected to stage test and acceptance and relevant records and visas are made respectively, and the grounding resistance cannot exceed 5 omega.
2. The construction method of the three-dimensional compound grounding grid in the desert soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the grounding grid is distributed in a rectangular shape, 50-60 triangular vertical grounding electrode groups are uniformly additionally arranged on the periphery of the rectangular grounding grid, each triangular vertical grounding electrode group consists of three well-type vertical grounding electrodes, 150 pure copper grounding electrodes are used in total, and the positions of the grounding electrodes are determined to be not under a foundation, a column corner and a bearing wall.
3. The construction method of the three-dimensional compound grounding grid in the desert soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: the grounding conductor is a copper cable.
4. The construction method of the three-dimensional compound grounding grid in the desert soil according to claim 2, characterized in that: the distance between three well-type vertical grounding electrodes in the triangular vertical grounding electrode group is 1.9 m.
5. The construction method of the three-dimensional compound grounding grid in the desert soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the copper cables used by the grounding grid lead and the grounding electrode are not provided with PVC insulation protection, and the length of the copper grounding electrode is at least 2.44 meters, and the diameter of the copper grounding electrode is not less than 16 mm; bare copper should be tin used if the resistivity in the soil is less than 70 ohms per meter.
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| KR102072303B1 (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-31 | 신희경 | Independent grounding system and method with multilayer structure |
| CN209056626U (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-07-02 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Combined type tower bar Special grounding device |
| CN209045786U (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-06-28 | 武汉璞信电力设计咨询有限公司 | A kind of grounded screen |
| KR102019708B1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-09-10 | 유재현 | earth device improved in structure |
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