CN113391748B

CN113391748B - Abnormal field of vision data acquisition system

Info

Publication number: CN113391748B
Application number: CN202110940056.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 边桂彬; 李桢; 付攀
Original assignee: Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
Current assignee: Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
Priority date: 2021-08-17
Filing date: 2021-08-17
Publication date: 2021-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-17
Also published as: CN113391748A

Abstract

The invention provides a universal visual field abnormal data acquisition system, based on a dragging spline curve family of QtCharts, each grid line forming a square table independently forms a spline curve, and a user can change the shape of each spline curve by moving the position of a control point on the spline curve through human-computer interaction, so that the whole Amsler square table becomes a dynamic area for accurately editing the shape and color of each part; the dynamic area takes the lower left corner as the origin of coordinates, and the right side is the positive direction of the x axis and the upward side is the positive direction of the y axis; a plurality of control points are arranged on the grid line, the control points are arranged on the grid line at equal intervals, and a user controls movement through a point-by-point direction key: the control points of the grid lines can move towards any direction, and the control points move for a single time to fix the step pitch; the position of the control point is changed in a way that the mouse is dragged: the control points of the grid lines can all move in any direction.

Description

Abnormal field of vision data acquisition system

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of data acquisition, in particular to a visual field abnormal data acquisition system.

Background

The macular area is located in the center of the retina, which is the most sensitive area of human vision, and a large number of cone cells responsible for vision and color vision are distributed in the macular area, so that any pathological changes affecting the macula can cause obvious reduction of central vision, dark color and deformation of visual objects, and the like. With the increase of the average age of the population in China and the popularization and use of various electronic products, the degeneration of the macular part has rapidly become a blind killer seriously influencing the vision. By 2020, the number of patients with macular degeneration has been nearly 2 billion worldwide, and this number is still on the steep rise. The symptoms of age-related macular degeneration appear similar to those of presbyopia, but the harm is far better than that of presbyopia. Macular degeneration can lead to taking place distortion, central vision decline or appearing the shadow and sheltering from when seeing the thing, has brought very big discomfort for patient's normal life, and untimely treatment leads to the retina structure to take place irreversible damage easily.

At present, after the senile macular degeneration is cured, the existing vision can only be maintained or the vision decline is delayed, and the original vision can not be recovered, so that the effect can hardly reach the expected value of a patient. Since the damage to the eyes is irreversible, it is difficult for the patients to pay attention to the disease until the disease develops to a serious degree. However, with the development of technology, although the current ophthalmic diagnosis and treatment can provide patients with precise micro-visual field examination, physiological tissue coherence tomography, laser-assisted fine minimally invasive surgery and the like, most potential patients often have slight vision or no obvious detection of macular degeneration, which results in visual field defects and early symptoms of deformation, or frequent false negative conditions due to inaccurate diagnosis means, the patients have serious conditions when really feel great discomfort or are finally diagnosed through multiple screening, and even if the treatment means for various lesions is continuously updated and advanced, the harm caused by missing the optimal treatment time is difficult to offset.

Amsler grid is a table containing horizontal and vertical lines that can be used to determine a person's central field of view. This form was designed by the ophthalmologist mark armsler (Marc Amsler) of switzerland, used earliest since 1945. This table is a means for detecting retinopathies that can cause abnormal vision, particularly macular degeneration (e.g., macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane disease, etc.), as well as optic neuropathy and visual pathway changes in the brain. In particular, it can be used to screen three classes of diseases that cause blind spots in the visual field: AMD age-related macular degeneration, central serous retinopathy, acute macular neuroretinopathy, can also be used to screen for two types of lesions that cause a distorted field of vision: AMD age-related macular degeneration and epiretinal membrane proliferation.

The existing methods for measuring the visual field distortion and the visual field damage are mostly limited to qualitative self-check of patients by using paper-printed Amsler tables, because most of the patients suffering from maculopathy are middle-aged and elderly people, the patients often suffer from other diseases such as cataract, high myopia, astigmatism and the like, and the patients can only judge whether the tables in the visual field are deformed when taking the paper Amsler tables, but can hardly say that more details such as the deformed positions, types, sizes, visual field defect areas, visual field fuzzy areas and the like are clear.

As shown in fig. 2, the standard Amsler table design was originally in the form of a grid of black lines with white background, consisting of 20 x 20 small squares with a side length of 0.5cm, with a black dot in the center. When the table is used, a patient places the table on the sight line about 30cm away from eyes, according to the usual reading habit of the patient (the patient needs to wear glasses when using presbyopic glasses or other glasses at ordinary times, namely, the best observation eyesight, observation conditions and the like are ensured under the existing auxiliary conditions), a single eye is shielded, the other eye watches the central black point, all the squares just correspond to the core area of the macular area of the retina of the patient at the moment, the 20-degree visual angle is totally corresponded, and each small square corresponds to the 0.5-degree visual angle.

Patent number CN204600423U discloses an elderly vision assessment system, relating to the technical field of vision detection devices. The system comprises a control host, display equipment, input equipment and output equipment, wherein the control host comprises a visual evaluation module, the visual evaluation module comprises a central visual field evaluation platform, a color vision evaluation platform and a physical identification capability evaluation platform, the central visual field evaluation platform comprises an Amsler grid table displayed through the display equipment, the color vision evaluation platform comprises a pseudo-metamerism displayed through the display equipment, the physical identification capability evaluation platform comprises a physical image displayed through the display equipment, corresponding instructions are input through the input equipment to enter the corresponding evaluation platform in the visual evaluation module, and evaluation results of the corresponding evaluation platform are output through the output equipment. The evaluation platform in the visual evaluation module in the system adopts a mode of playing pictures by simulation software to replace the traditional paper pictures, thereby avoiding errors and careless mistakes caused by human factors, shortening the test time and improving the test reliability.

PCT/US1998/025166 provides a method and apparatus for evaluating and measuring deformation. The apparatus includes a pattern generator that displays a deformable pattern, such as an Ambler mesh, on a computer monitor. The rectilinear grid comprises substantially parallel and equally spaced lines intersecting at vertices. The patient or the technician uses an input device, such as a mouse, to detect areas of the pattern where the object is not visible, so that dark spot areas can be marked. The input device is also used to adjust the position of the vertices and deform the mesh until the mesh appears substantially rectilinear with the subject. The deformation of the pattern is then recorded and can be retrieved for comparison with subsequent test results, so that visual field defects or changes in deformation can be detected sensitively, even corrected by lenses that distort the image in the same pattern.

The existing Amsler table-based visual field distortion and defect measurement and evaluation software mainly comprises the following types:

the first type is field distortion mapping type measurement software. The software runs on a touch screen device, an original standard Amsler table is used as a background picture, a function of drawing along a hand or a touch pen sliding track through a brush on the background is provided for a patient, the patient draws grid lines seen in eyes of the patient on a screen, the grid lines are finally recorded by the software, and a measurement result of the distortion of the visual field of the patient is obtained through comparison with the standard Amsler table. Firstly, the method is influenced by factors such as drawing power and hand shaking of the patient, and the drawn curve cannot accurately reflect the real visual field condition of the patient. Secondly, only under the condition that the size of the table is in fixed proportion to the distance between the patient and the table and the patient gazes at the central fixation point of the table by a single eye, the visual field of the patient can just reflect the pathological changes of the macular region, and when the patient gazes at the central fixation point by the single eye, the patient is difficult to accurately draw the whole table seen by the patient by only matching the residual light with a finger or a touch pen, so the method obviously cannot ensure the accuracy of the drawing result. Finally, the patients with macular degeneration mainly complain about visual object deformation, visual field defects, blurred vision and other conditions, and the software is not designed with means for measuring the two symptoms of the patients, so that the patient's condition cannot be comprehensively measured.

The second category is visual field defect measurement software. The software imitates an Amsler table to set a table area obtained by multiplying a plurality of rows and columns, fills squares into black by setting an area with the size of a single square grid of the Amsler table as a minimum filling area, and adds, enlarges or reduces the filling area according to the judgment of a patient whether the area filled into black just completely covers the visual field defect part of the patient, thereby simulating the defective dark spot in the visual field of the patient. This type of software focuses on addressing visual field defect measurement functions, but this term alone is far from sufficient for the assessment of the disease condition of patients with macular degeneration.

Although some software is called an electronic Amsler table, the software is limited to using an Asmler table as a background reference object for drawing and moving a drawing board from a paper surface to a screen, a curve still needs to be drawn manually in the whole process, various accumulated errors caused by the problems that the precision of hands is insufficient, the curve drawing shape is too random, the sight line moves during drawing and the like are not fundamentally solved, and the software does not have a large practical application value. In the blind spot measurement software, the used marking pattern is too single (the square with fixed size is used more), the size of the marking pattern cannot be adjusted instantly and quickly, the blind spot needs to be drawn on a graph firstly during marking each time, a patient can judge whether the blind spot is correct in area and size, if not, all drawn patterns are erased by one key, so that the drawn correct patterns are erased together, great inconvenience is caused, and time is wasted. Furthermore, there is no software that integrates the functions of the two types of software, nor is there software that uses the Amsler chart to quantify the measurement and assessment of visual field abnormalities in patients.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a system for acquiring abnormal visual field data.

Specifically, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a visual field abnormality data acquisition system comprising: the system comprises an information input unit, an information query unit, a visual field distortion measurement unit and a data persistence unit;

an information entry unit: inputting information according to the actual condition of the patient, including the name, sex, birth year and month, diagnosis and treatment card number, the attending doctor, the eye disease, the past medical history, other eye disease examination result images and other disease notes of the patient;

an information inquiry unit: inputting the name, age and diagnosis and treatment card number information of a patient, and carrying out fuzzy query or accurate query;

visual field distortion measuring unit: based on a dragging spline family of QtCharts, each grid line forming the grid table independently forms a spline curve, and a user can change the shape of each spline curve by moving the position of a control point on the spline curve through human-computer interaction, so that the whole Amsler grid table becomes a dynamic area for accurately editing the shape and color of each part; the grid lines include: horizontal grid lines and vertical grid lines; the dynamic area takes the lower left corner as the origin of coordinates, and the right side is the positive direction of the x axis and the upward side is the positive direction of the y axis; setting a plurality of control points on the grid line, wherein the control points are arranged on the grid line at equal intervals, and the positions of the control points are changed by a user in a mode of controlling movement or mouse pressing and dragging by a point-by-point direction key; in the mode of controlling the movement by the direction key point by point: the control points of the grid lines can move in any direction, and the control points move in a single time to fix the step pitch; the mode of controlling the movement by the direction key point by point is completed by the user; the mouse is pressed and dragged in the following mode: the control points of the grid lines can move in any direction, a user needs to describe the position where deformation occurs, the assistant can select which curves to adjust the shapes when watching the copied second screen, and whether the curves meet the actual conditions or not is fed back according to the change of the curve shapes by the assistant, so that the assistant can make proper adjustment;

a data persistence unit: each measurement is reliably saved for later review or statistical analysis.

Preferably, the visual field distortion measurement unit gives a function of marking a pattern in the dynamic region for a user with blind, dim and fuzzy visual field, and the specific method is as follows:

after the user selects the pattern used by the mark, the shape of the mouse pointer is automatically switched to the pattern, and the parameters of the pattern comprise: size, shape, color; dragging the mouse, wherein the pattern moves to different areas of the dynamic area along with the mouse and shields grid lines and control points of the area; when a user thinks that the pattern is just moved to the area where the blind spot is located, the size of the pattern can be adjusted through a mouse wheel until the area where the blind spot is located is just shielded, a right mouse button is clicked to 'stamp' the pattern on the area where the blind spot is located, and the visual field distortion measuring unit automatically marks the pattern and places the pattern on the topmost layer of the Amsler square table.

Preferably, the specific method for controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key is as follows:

selecting a currently used control point through up, down, left and right direction keys, confirming the selected control point by using an enter key, and displaying the selected control point in an amplifying and flickering mode in an enhanced mode; if the current control point is located in the user visual field distortion area, the user moves the position of the control point through the up-down left-right direction keys, the up-down left-right direction keys are pressed each time, the moving step distance of the control point is adjusted, the control point needing to be moved is traversed, the up-down direction key is used for adjusting the position of each control point, after the current control point is adjusted, esc is pressed to quit the state of adjusting the position, and the next control point is selected through the up-down left-right direction keys.

Preferably, the specific method of mouse down and drag is as follows:

after the mouse selects the control point and presses down, the control point can move towards any direction.

Preferably, the dimensions of the Amsler grid are: 10cm × 10cm, table densities set to 20 × 20, 10 × 10, and 5 × 5; in order to compensate the measurement accuracy lost due to the reduction of the density of the table, the low-density grid table is used for measuring by using the low-density tables in different areas for multiple times in a traversing measurement mode of translating a certain step length along the specified direction, and finally the measurement results are subjected to complementary integration.

Preferably, for the problem that the fixation point is located in the blind spot region of the visual field, the specific solution is as follows:

adjusting the size of the fixation point;

table diagonal hiding and displaying and table diagonal width adjustment: and selecting a diagonal line for displaying the whole table, and adjusting the width of the diagonal line of the table according to the difference of discriminative power.

Preferably, close observation of a dense form during measurement results in visual fatigue, and a specific solution to this problem is given by:

switching between the local view and the global view: dragging and deforming the grid lines through a plurality of control points on one grid line each time, namely, the grid line is in an activated state, and other grid lines are in an inactivated state, namely, the grid lines are kept in a static state and have no control points; in the global view, all grid lines are displayed on the screen, and in the local view, other grid lines except the currently activated grid line and the table border line are hidden.

Preferably, close observation of the dense form during the measurement results in visual fatigue, and the solution further comprises:

the method of immersive measurement for presenting an interface for isometric zooming in relative to a user: the side length of the whole Amsler square table displayed on the display screen is kept to be 1: 3, and the center of the Amsler grid is exactly at the same level as the line of sight of the human eye.

Preferably, in order to utilize the physiological characteristics of "super-sharpness" of the human eye, the method is given as follows: hiding and displaying grid lines, adjusting the sizes of control points and flickering the control points, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

dragging a certain control point, and then flashing the control point at an adjustable frequency while following the moving position of the mouse pointer while keeping other control points still;

the control points on the grid line enter a flashing state one by one according to the arrangement sequence, and only one control point enters the flashing state at the same time; when the first control point flickers, the position of the first control point is adjusted by using the direction key, the first control point performs displacement of a fixed step pitch in the direction every time the direction key is pressed, and when the first control point is considered to be located at a proper position, the enter key is pressed to fix the first control point and enable the next control point to flicker, and the positions of the control points are adjusted one by one in sequence.

Preferably, the grid background, the grid lines, the control points and the fixation points in the Amsler grid table are all provided with a color adjusting function.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:

according to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the Amsler table originally used for simple qualitative analysis is skillfully digitized and accurate, so that quantitative analysis is achieved, and rapid and accurate data acquisition of distorted visual field is realized while the burden of self-drawing of a deformation curve and self-judgment of a user is not increased.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a functional structure block diagram of a visual field abnormality data acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a standard Amsler grid table provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view center blind spot gaze table showing diagonal assist presence provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a partial view lower curve shape adjustment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating curve shape adjustment under a global view with diagonal assistance provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1, an abnormal visual field data acquisition system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:

the system comprises an information input unit, an information query unit, a visual field distortion measurement unit and a data persistence unit;

the information entry unit: inputting information according to the actual condition of the patient, including the name, sex, birth year and month, diagnosis and treatment card number, the attending doctor, the eye disease, the past medical history, other eye disease examination result images and other disease notes of the patient;

the information inquiry unit: inputting the name, age and diagnosis and treatment card number information of a patient, and carrying out fuzzy query or accurate query;

the field distortion measurement unit: based on a dragging spline family of QtCharts, each grid line forming the grid table independently forms a spline curve, and a user can change the shape of each spline curve by moving the position of a control point on the spline curve through human-computer interaction, so that the whole Amsler grid table becomes a dynamic area for accurately editing the shape and color of each part; the grid lines include: horizontal grid lines and vertical grid lines; the lower left corner of the dynamic area is used as a coordinate origin, the right side is the positive direction of an x axis, and the upward side is the positive direction of a y axis; setting a plurality of control points on the grid line, wherein the control points are arranged on the grid line at equal intervals, and the positions of the control points are changed by a user in a mode of controlling movement or mouse pressing and dragging by a point-by-point direction key; the specific method for controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key comprises the following steps:

the control points of the grid lines can move towards any direction, and the control points move for a single time to fix the step pitch;

selecting a currently used control point through up, down, left and right direction keys, confirming the selected control point by using an enter key, and displaying the selected control point in an amplifying and flickering mode in an enhanced mode; if the current control point is located in a user visual field distortion area, the user moves the position of the control point through an up-down left-right direction key, the up-down left-right direction key is pressed each time, the moving step distance of the control point is adjusted, the control point needing to be moved is traversed, the position of each control point is adjusted through the up-down direction key, after the current control point is adjusted, esc is pressed to quit the state of adjusting the position, and the next control point is selected through the up-down left-right direction key; the mode of controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key is completed by the user;

the mouse is dragged in a pressing mode: the control points of the grid lines can move in any direction, the user needs to describe the position where deformation occurs, the assistant can select which curves to adjust the shape by watching the copied second screen, and whether the curve conforms to the actual situation or not is fed back according to the change of the assistant to the curve shape, so that the assistant can make proper adjustment:

the specific method for pressing and dragging the mouse comprises the following steps: after the mouse selects the control point and presses down, the control point can move to any direction;

the grid background, grid lines, control points and fixation points in the Amsler grid table are all provided with a color adjusting function; the size of the Amsler grid table is as follows: 10cm × 10cm, table densities set to 20 × 20, 10 × 10, and 5 × 5; in order to compensate the measurement precision lost due to the reduction of the density of the table, a low-density grid table is used for measuring by using low-density tables in different areas for multiple times in a traversing measurement mode of translating a certain step length along the specified direction, and finally, the measurement results are subjected to complementary integration;

because the visual field blind spot areas and the sizes are different, the fixation point originally positioned in the center of the Amsler grid table is probably just positioned in the visual field blind spot area, and for the problem, the specific solution provided is as follows:

adjusting the size of the fixation point;

as shown in fig. 3, table diagonal hiding and displaying and table diagonal width adjustment: selecting a diagonal line for displaying the whole table, and adjusting the width of the diagonal line of the table according to different discriminative power;

the close observation of the dense table during the measurement process causes visual fatigue, and a specific solution is given to the problem that:

as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the local view is switched with the global view: dragging and deforming the grid lines through a plurality of control points on one grid line each time, namely, the grid line is in an activated state, and other grid lines are in an inactivated state, namely, the grid lines are kept in a static state and have no control points; under the global view, all grid lines are displayed on the picture, and under the local view, other grid lines except the currently activated grid line and the table frame line are in a hidden state;

the method of immersive measurement for presenting an interface for isometric zooming in relative to a user: the side length of the whole Amsler square table displayed on the display screen is kept to be 1: 3, and the center of the Amsler square table is exactly on the same horizontal plane with the sight line of human eyes;

in order to utilize the physiological characteristics of human eyes such as 'super-sharpness', the method is given as follows: hiding and displaying grid lines, adjusting the sizes of control points and flickering the control points, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

the control points on the grid line enter a flashing state one by one according to the arrangement sequence, and only one control point enters the flashing state at the same time; when the first control point flickers, the position of the first control point is adjusted by using a direction key, the first control point performs displacement of a fixed step pitch in the direction every time the direction key is pressed, and when the first control point is considered to be located at a proper position, an enter key is pressed to fix the first control point and enable the next control point to flicker, and the positions of the control points are adjusted one by one in sequence;

the visual field distortion measuring unit gives a function of marking patterns in the dynamic area aiming at visual field blind spots, dim and fuzzy users, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

after the user selects the pattern used by the mark, the shape of the mouse pointer is automatically switched to the pattern, and the parameters of the pattern comprise: size, shape, color; dragging the mouse, wherein the pattern moves to different areas of the dynamic area along with the mouse and shields grid lines and control points of the area; when a user thinks that the pattern is just moved to the area where the blind spot is located, the size of the pattern can be adjusted through a mouse wheel until the area where the blind spot is located is just shielded, a right mouse button is clicked to 'stamp' the pattern on the area where the blind spot is located, and the visual field distortion measuring unit automatically marks the pattern and places the pattern on the topmost layer of the Amsler square table;

the data persistence unit: each measurement is reliably saved for later review or statistical analysis.

Example 2:

the abnormal-field data acquisition system shown in fig. 1 includes:

an information entry unit: before use, the information is input according to the actual condition of the patient, including the name, sex, birth year and month, diagnosis and treatment card number, the treating doctor, the patient's eye, the past medical history, other eye examination result graphs (including but not limited to OCT scan, routine examination result graph and the like) and other disease notes (such as vision condition, whether cataract is suffered, whether surgical history exists and the like). The system can record each item of information of each patient, when the same patient uses the software for testing for many times, only the name or the diagnosis and treatment card number and the like are input from the second time, the system automatically searches in the database according to the name or the diagnosis and treatment card number, and pushes the similar existing user information to the foreground for the user to directly select, thereby avoiding the trouble of repeatedly inputting all the information of the patient. The system database automatically integrates and saves the results of multiple measurements of the patient.

An information inquiry unit: the information of the name, the age, the diagnosis and treatment card number and the like of the patient can be input for fuzzy query or accurate query. The query result is displayed on the user interface in a paging list form; the inquired fields comprise basic information input by the patient, a previous measurement result graph of the patient, evaluation parameter indexes of the previous measurement result of the patient, a thermal simulation graph of abnormal visual field conditions of the patient, a distorted visual field transition trend graph, a blind visual field transition trend graph, a comprehensive disease development trend graph and the like of the patient generated according to previous measurement results.

Visual field distortion measuring unit:

(1) the Amsler square table innovatively uses a dragging style strip curve family based on QtCharts on the formation of the square table, each grid line forming the square table independently forms a spline curve, a user can change the shape of each strip curve by moving the position of a control point on the spline curve through man-machine interaction, and the change range of the position of the control point can be accurate to a pixel level, so that the whole Amsler square table is changed into a dynamic area with the pixel level and the accurate editing of the shape, the color and the like of each part from a previous static background picture serving as a reference object, and the simulation of the visual field distortion condition far exceeding the hand drawing precision is realized. Secondly, because the shape of the spline curve is always a smooth curve, and is not an irregular figure possibly comprising a plurality of sections of different broken lines when the spline curve is drawn by hands, and the abnormal vision caused by the pathological changes (including macular edema, macular hole and the like) generated by the macular region is reflected on the Amsler table as a region with smoothly changing shape (such as pincushion distortion, barrel distortion and the like), the measurement mode is more in line with the physiological structure characteristics of human eyes. The lower left corner of the dynamic area is used as the origin of coordinates, the right side is the positive direction of an x axis, the upward side is the positive direction of a y axis, elements such as points, lines, blocks and the like in the dynamic area correspond to parameters such as respective coordinates, lengths, widths, areas and the like in software, and the accurate quantifiable characteristic of the software is fully embodied. For each horizontal grid line, a plurality of control points are arranged on the grid line, the control points are transversely arranged on the grid line at equal intervals, and a user can change the positions of the control points in a mode of controlling movement or mouse pressing and dragging through a point-by-point direction key; the specific method for controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key comprises the following steps: the control points of the grid lines can move towards any direction, and the control points move for a single time to fix the step pitch; the control point is displaced in a certain range (the coordinate is changed), and the mode of controlling the movement by the direction key point by point can be automatically completed by the patient; under the mode that the mouse is pressed and dragged, a patient needs to pay attention to the position of a mouse pointer dispersedly, because the control point can be selected only when the mouse pointer moves to the position near a certain control point and presses a left button of the mouse, and the control point can move along with the position of the mouse under the condition that the left button is kept pressed, the patient can move along with the position of the mouse if the patient operates by himself in the process, therefore, the operation is finished by an assistant when watching a copied second screen, at the moment, the patient only needs to describe the position where deformation occurs to enable the assistant to select which curves to carry out shape adjustment, and whether the curves meet the actual conditions or not is fed back according to the change of the curve shapes by the assistant, and therefore the assistant can make proper adjustment. Due to the characteristics of the spline curve, the change of the coordinate position of a certain point on the curve affects the shape of the whole curve, and particularly, the curve segment near the point has larger deformation compared with other areas, and the deformation is gentle. The vertical grid lines are also true. By means of the mode that the control points are dragged to scan the whole grid table point by point, line and area array, a user can realize accurate control over each curve shape, and therefore the combination simulates the situation of a very rich deformed back view.

(2) In the aspect of changing the position of the control point, in view of the fact that the sight line of the patient is shielded in the operation process by using a touch pen or finger touch, the curve shape is not judged by the patient easily, and the measurement result is greatly interfered, so that the following two control modes are designed by the software: the moving mode is controlled by a point-by-point direction key: selecting a currently used control point through up, down, left and right direction keys, confirming the selected control point by using an enter key, and displaying the selected control point in an amplifying and flickering mode in an enhanced mode; if the current control point is located in the user visual field distortion area, the user moves the position of the control point through the up-down left-right direction keys, the up-down left-right direction keys are pressed each time, the moving step distance of the control point is adjusted, the control point needing to be moved is traversed, the up-down direction key is used for adjusting the position of each control point, after the current control point is adjusted, esc is pressed to quit the state of adjusting the position, and the next control point is selected through the up-down left-right direction keys.

Secondly, the mouse is dragged in a mode of: the position of the control point is changed by moving the mouse pointer to a certain control point position, pressing down and dragging the mouse. After the mouse selects the control point and presses down, the control point can move to any direction; the positions of all control points are adjusted through the method, so that the shape of the whole Amsler table grid line is adjusted.

(3) In the aspect of controlling the density of the Amsler grid table, the Amsler grid table originally having the density of 20 multiplied by 20 grids but only having the size of 10cm multiplied by 10cm is denser to the actual sense organ of people, and ordinary people with normal vision and no eye disease are still difficult to clearly distinguish the change of the grid line shape by only using the residual light under the condition of watching the central fixation point of the table at a single sight, and are not to mention that the middle-aged and elderly people suffering from the diseases have reduced attention focusing ability and relatively reduced visual ability. To address this issue, the software has devised a number of table density options, including but not limited to using grid tables of 20 × 20, 10 × 10, 5 × 5, etc. density, and tables with smaller grid densities can be viewed as tables with larger grid densities with the remainder of the other grid lines hidden. In actual use, the patient can select a grid table which can easily distinguish the change of the grid line shape for testing. Meanwhile, in order to compensate the measurement precision lost due to density reduction, a traversal measurement mode that the low-density grid table translates a certain step length along the designated direction is designed, so that the actual traversal density of the grid area can reach or even exceed the original 20 x 20 grid density by using the low-density grid tables in different areas for testing for many times without increasing the load of judging curve deformation of a patient every time, and finally, the measurement results are subjected to complementary integration, so that the purpose of accurate measurement and evaluation is better achieved.

(4) Because the blind spot areas of the visual fields of different patients are different in size, the fixation point originally positioned in the center of the Amsler grid table may be just positioned in the blind spot areas of the visual fields of some patients, so that the patients cannot accurately observe the fixation point, and the visual line of the patients is kept challenging during measurement. Therefore, the size of the fixation point can be adjusted according to different human eye sensitivity degrees, the diagonal line of the whole table can be selected and displayed for a patient with a visual field blind point just at the fixation point, the diagonal line width of the table can be adjusted according to different discrimination of the patient, although the patient cannot see the fixation point in the center of the table, the human brain can simulate an intersection point of the two diagonal lines for the patient in vision through the two visible diagonal lines which are mostly not shielded by the blind point, and the patient can achieve the same effect as long as the patient 'watches' the point.

(5) Complex visual information brought by close-distance observation of a dense form is a burden which is difficult for an ophthalmologic patient to effectively process, and further, the patient is required to intensively observe the shape change of one grid line in the complex form, which is difficult, so that the patient is easy to generate visual fatigue quickly in the test process, and the test cannot be effectively finished. Aiming at the problem, a local view and global view switching function is designed. In the process of measuring the visual field distortion, a user can drag and deform the grid line through a plurality of control points on one grid line each time, the grid line is called to be in an activated state at the moment, other grid lines are kept static at the moment, and the grid line is called to be in an inactivated state without control points on the curve. After the shape of the grid line is adjusted, the user can switch the adjacent grid lines in sequence or switch other grid lines with shapes to be adjusted at random, at this time, the corresponding grid line is activated, and other grid lines are in an inactivated state. In the global view, all grid lines are displayed on the screen, and in the local view, other grid lines except the currently activated grid line and the table border line are hidden. Under the local view, only one grid line is displayed in the table, and other areas are blank, so that high contrast is formed, the processing load of the brain of a patient on complex visual information formed by distinguishing the shape change of a single grid line in a dense table is effectively reduced, and the accurate judgment of a tester on the curve shape is facilitated. The measurement method of observing only one grid line at a time, scanning in sequence and combining for multiple times is provided innovatively, so that the shape of each grid line is adjusted more accurately, the effect of sand gathering and tower formation is realized, and the optimization of the global measurement result is promoted by the accumulation of the optimization of local measurement results.

(6) Because the traditional Amsler grid table requires the table size to be 10cm multiplied by 10cm, and the table is placed on the sight line of a patient at a position which is about 30cm away from the eyes, the method can ensure that the table area is exactly positioned in the central area of the macular vision of the patient, and the observation angle of the patient is 20 degrees, namely the upper and lower viewing angles and the left and right viewing angles. However, the traditional Amsler meter is mostly used for qualitative judgment in practice, and when the Amsler meter is used for quantitative measurement, under the measurement environment, the Amsler meter is interfered by other objects around the meter and is easily affected by fatigue caused by long-time close observation of the electronic equipment screen by human eyes, and an immersion type measurement scheme for enlarging a software presentation interface at an equal ratio relative to a patient is provided. When the scheme is used for measurement, a display screen with enough large size or a combination of a projector and a curtain is firstly arranged, the scene color behind the display screen is ensured to be single, no redundant interference exists, then a patient sits on the adjustable lifting chair with the backrest and can be adjusted to a comfortable posture that the front can be kept by eyes, and a neck support can be arranged to help the patient keep the head posture if necessary. In order to ensure that the table area is located exactly in the center of the patient's visual field, the side length of the entire table displayed on the display screen should be kept at a distance of 1: 3, the center of the table is just on the same horizontal plane with the sight of human eyes, and after the position of the screen, the size of the table and the distance between the seat and the screen are fixed, the sight of patients with different heights can be adjusted by adjusting the lifting of the seat. Through the operation, the patient can be in an immersive measuring environment, the pressure for distinguishing the small-range curve deformation of the patient is reduced, and the measuring error caused by the fact that the original grid lines are not in the accurate positions and are misjudged to be in the accurate positions due to insufficient resolution of the patient's eyes during small-scale observation is reduced through geometric amplification.

(7) Due to the physiological characteristics of human eyes, the "super-sharpness" of human eyes is ten times sharper than that of human eyes, i.e. the human eyes are extremely sensitive to the phenomenon of misalignment of visual objects, for example, the points arranged on a straight line are slightly shifted. Foreign countries have special measurement software developed for the human eye feature, Reichert foreee PHP, and the software is already put into commercial use at present. Several functional modes are designed, and a series of extended functions including the software functions can be realized, which are respectively as follows: hiding and displaying grid lines, adjusting the size of control points, flashing the control points and the like. By hiding the original grid lines and frames, leaving control points and fixation points, and setting a local display view, only the control point corresponding to a certain activated grid line will be displayed on the screen. For this view, two measurement modes are designed: firstly, a user uses a mouse to press and drag a certain control point according to the method described in the foregoing, then the point flickers at an adjustable frequency while following the moving position of a mouse pointer, and other control points are kept still, because the flicking point is obvious relative to the static point, the position comparison between the current control point and other control points of the grid line where the current control point is located is formed, based on the principle of human eyes 'super-sharpness', a patient can more easily distinguish whether the control points are regularly arranged on a straight line in the mode, and finally the control points are located on the same straight line in the eyes of the patient through point-by-point position adjustment;

for each grid line in the grid, the control point on the grid line does not need to be pressed and dragged by a mouse, but enters a flashing state one by one according to the arrangement sequence, only one point enters the flashing state at the same time, when the first control point flashes, the patient can simply use a direction key to realize the position adjustment of the control point, when the direction key is pressed once, the control point performs displacement with small step distance in the direction, when the patient thinks that the control point is positioned at the proper position, the patient presses a carriage return key to fix the control point, and the next control point starts flashing to sequentially adjust the position of the control point one by one. No matter which measurement mode is used, the accurate coordinate of each control point can be finally obtained by measuring the complete grid table in a point-by-point, line-by-line and area array scanning mode, the Amsler table shape seen in the eyes of a patient can be restored by displaying the originally hidden grid line or directly carrying out curve fitting on a series of control point coordinates at the moment, and the position coordinate array of the control point can also be used as an independent test index for analysis. In addition, in order to adapt to the sensitivity of different human eyes to the flicker of the control points, the software is provided with a function of adjusting the size of the control points, and can be used for patients with poor resolution to use larger control points.

(8) The original Amsler checkerboard is designed as a black line with white background or a white line with black background, and the color matching is mainly because the Amsler checkerboard at that time is only used for qualitative research, has almost no requirement on measurement accuracy, and lacks of various popular electronic devices which can display rich color matching nowadays. According to related researches, the sensitivity of different human eyes to the same color is different, so that the color matching cannot guarantee that all testers can feel obvious contrast. Aiming at the problem, the color adjusting function is set for each component element in the dynamic area of the Amsler grid table, including a grid background, grid lines, control points, a fixation point and the like, and a combination with bright color contrast including red, black, yellow, green and the like is set for selection, so that a patient can select a color combination which is most easy to judge curve shape change or control point arrangement neatness degree in the actual measuring process, and therefore personalized and refined measuring effects are achieved.

(9) When a correct testing position relation is formed between a patient and a display screen, a part of an Amsler square table area may be an area which cannot be seen or is dull or blurred in color and luster in the eyes of the patient, which is specifically shown in the way that some areas in an Amsler square table dynamic area seen in the eyes of the patient are originally white bottom black lines, but the eyes of the patient are completely black or are very dull or blurred in lines, the existence of the abnormal visual areas brings great inconvenience to the life of the patient, and the existence of different symptoms is likely to correspond to lesions of different positions and different degrees of the eyeground. In addition, because these symptoms often coexist with the visual field distortion, when the visual field distortion is measured, these areas are likely to block part of control points and grid lines in the eyes of the patient, and hinder the measurement mode of point-by-point, line-by-line and area array scanning. To address this problem, a function was devised that can mark patterns in the dynamic area of the Amsler grid. When the mouse is used, after a patient selects a pattern (including the size, the shape, the color and the like) used by the mark, the shape of the mouse pointer is automatically switched to the pattern, and the shape, the color, the size and the like of the mouse pointer are consistent. The patient (assistant) can drag the mouse to enable the mouse pointer to float above the table area in a pattern mode to be marked, at the moment, the pattern moves to different areas on the table along with the movement of the position of the mouse pointer and shields grid lines and control points of the area, and when the patient thinks that the pattern just moves to the area where the blind spot of the patient is located, the size of the pattern can be adjusted through the mouse wheel until the abnormal visual field area is just shielded (the small pattern can be used for carrying out irregular expansion on the area later). Then clicking the right button on the Amsler form area "stamps" the pattern on the form area (similar to the stamping operation in daily life), the system automatically places the marker pattern on the topmost layer of the form view, with the control points and grid lines within this area naturally occluded, simulating the actual vision in the patient's eye. This effectively remedies the repeated mark-first-erase defects in other software. In order to make the measurement process simpler, the functions of withdrawing and canceling the marked patterns individually (similar to the retracting and advancing in the word) and clearing the marked patterns are also designed, so that the defect that all the marked patterns can be erased only by one key is overcome, and the patient can be helped to trace the abnormal area of the visual field more quickly and accurately.

A data persistence unit: since the condition of a patient may change over time, it is important to reliably store each measurement in time for later review or statistical analysis.

(1) A 'center-periphery type' data persistence mode is designed. The center uses a high-performance central database server, and the periphery is provided with a plurality of measuring software terminals. After each measurement on each terminal, the system can generate two identical test results, one of which is visually stored in a folder visible to the user, the other of which is stored in a local database in a hidden data manner, and access control is set to prevent the user from deleting the test results by mistake. After the equipment is connected to the network, the system automatically uploads the data which is not synchronized to the remote data server in the database, so that multiple redundant data storage is formed, and the reliable persistence of the data is ensured.

(2) Except generating a diagram and measuring and evaluating indexes, the system automatically stores the positions of all control points under a certain measuring state, the sizes, the shapes and the positions of all blind points/dim/fuzzy areas in a binary data mode, and can automatically read the last measured last state for field recovery when software is returned next time after unexpected exit in the middle of the test, thereby saving the trouble of repeated tests.

It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.

While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any invention or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. In other instances, features described in connection with one embodiment may be implemented as discrete components or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In some cases, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system modules and components in the embodiments described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.

Thus, particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. Further, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for acquiring abnormal-field-of-view data, comprising: the system comprises an information input unit, an information query unit, a visual field distortion measurement unit and a data persistence unit;

the field distortion measurement unit: based on a dragging spline family of QtCharts, each grid line forming the grid table independently forms a spline curve, and a user can change the shape of each spline curve by moving the position of a control point on the spline curve through human-computer interaction, so that the whole Amsler grid table becomes a dynamic area for accurately editing the shape and color of each part; the grid lines include: horizontal grid lines and vertical grid lines; the lower left corner of the dynamic area is used as a coordinate origin, the right side is the positive direction of an x axis, and the upward side is the positive direction of a y axis; setting a plurality of control points on the grid line, wherein the control points are arranged on the grid line at equal intervals, and the positions of the control points are changed by a user in a mode of controlling movement or mouse pressing and dragging by a point-by-point direction key; in the mode of controlling the movement by the direction key point by point: the control points of the grid lines can move towards any direction, and the control points move for a single time to fix the step pitch; the mode of controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key is completed by the user; the mouse is dragged in a pressing mode: the control points of the grid lines can move in any direction, a user needs to describe the position where deformation occurs, the assistant can select which curves to adjust the shapes when watching the copied second screen, and whether the curves meet the actual conditions or not is fed back according to the change of the curve shapes by the assistant, so that the assistant can make proper adjustment;

the data persistence unit: the results of each measurement are reliably stored for later review or statistical analysis;

the size of the Amsler grid table is as follows: 10cm × 10cm, table densities set to 20 × 20, 10 × 10, and 5 × 5; in order to compensate the measurement accuracy lost due to the reduction of the density of the table, the low-density grid table is used for measuring by using the low-density tables in different areas for multiple times in a traversing measurement mode of translating a certain step length along the specified direction, and finally the measurement results are subjected to complementary integration.

2. The system for acquiring abnormal visual field data according to claim 1, wherein the visual field distortion measuring unit gives the function of marking patterns in the dynamic region for blind, dim and fuzzy visual field users by the following specific methods:

3. The system for acquiring abnormal-field-of-view data according to claim 1, wherein the specific method for controlling the movement by the point-by-point direction key is as follows:

4. The system for acquiring the abnormal-field data of claim 3, wherein the mouse is pressed and dragged by a specific method comprising the following steps:

5. The system for acquiring the abnormal visual field data according to claim 1, wherein for the problem that the fixation point is located in the blind spot area of the visual field, specific solutions are given as follows:

adjusting the size of the fixation point;

6. The system for acquiring abnormal-visual-field data according to claim 1, wherein close observation of dense tables during measurement causes visual fatigue, and a specific solution to the problem is given by:

7. The system for acquiring anomalopia data of claim 6, wherein the close-up observation of the dense table during the measurement results in visual fatigue, and the solution further comprises:

8. Visual field abnormality data acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to exploit the "super-sharpness" physiological features of the human eye, the method is given by: hiding and displaying grid lines, adjusting the sizes of control points and flickering the control points, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

9. The system for acquiring the abnormal-field data according to claim 1, wherein a color adjustment function is provided for the grid background, the grid lines, the control points and the fixation point in the Amsler grid table.