CN113391243A - 一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法 - Google Patents

一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法 Download PDF

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CN113391243A
CN113391243A CN202110634532.0A CN202110634532A CN113391243A CN 113391243 A CN113391243 A CN 113391243A CN 202110634532 A CN202110634532 A CN 202110634532A CN 113391243 A CN113391243 A CN 113391243A
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harmonic
resistance
copper
transformer winding
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夏越婷
尹忠东
郑志曜
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Beijing Keliyuan Energy Technology Co ltd
North China Electric Power University
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Abstract

本发明属于变压器参数辨识领域,特别涉及一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法。该方法不需要对变压器进行吊芯解体来检验其绕组材质,只需要通过电容补偿漏感的短路实验测量变压器在谐波作用下的谐波短路电阻,可有效辨别同铭牌参数的铜铝变压器的绕组材质。

Description

一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法
技术领域
本发明属于变压器参数辨识领域,特别涉及一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法。
背景技术
变压器是电网的核心设备之一,其质量直接影响最终用户的供电可靠性。然而,国家监督抽查合格率不高,设备质量堪忧。根据《国家电网配电变压器抽检问题通报》,供货企业为降低生产成本,在配电变压器采购合同中规定使用铜导线的情况下,实际生产中“以铝代铜”,属于合同违约,给电网运行埋下安全隐患。为了保证电力系统的安全运行,打击“以铝代铜”的造假违约行为,研究具有较高的工程应用价值的变压器绕组材质辨识方法,对保证配电变压器的供货质量和电网的安全运行具有重要意义。
国外配电变压器厂家明确指出是否采用铝导线,基本上不存在非法“以铝代铜”的行为。变压器绕组材质辨识的相关研究较少。国家电网公司以及相关研究部门在材质辨识方面进行了相关的研究测试,主要利用绕组材质本身特性与变压器性能参数之间的关系,提出了基于绕组体积、质量、容量、直流电阻等参数的大数据辨别方法、X射线法、热电效应法、电磁涡流检测法、电流密度法、电阻温度系数法、频率响应法、合金分析法等辨别方法。鉴于现有辨识方法的不足,本发明提出了测量变压器谐波电阻以辨别绕组材质的方法,该方法可与现有的方法结合使用,从而准确地辨识变压器绕组的材质。
发明内容
本发明针对在采购合同中规定使用铜导线的情况下,变压器厂家实际生产中“以铝代铜”的合同违法现象,提出了一种基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
1)测量并计算铜变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数,对于同一电压等级同铭牌参数的变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数,形成标准的数据库。
2)测量并计算待测变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数。
当对变压器额定运行与短路运行做定量分析时,往往可以忽略激磁电流,即激磁电路断开。变压器二次侧短路时的阻抗称为短路阻抗Zk,它是变压器一次、二次阻抗的和,可以表示为Zk=Rk+jXk。式中Rk为短路电阻,Xk为短路电抗。
变压器短路时,外施电压低,铁芯磁通密度小,铁耗可略去不计,短路损耗主要是铜耗,即一次绕组输入功率PK可近似认为全部消耗在一次和二次绕组上,短路电流为Ih,根据谐波损耗叠加定理,谐波损耗计算公式为
Figure BDA0003104877020000011
已知变压器基波短路电阻R1、基波电流I1、谐波电流Ih、功率损耗Pk的情况下,可计算变压器的谐波短路电阻值Rh
3)将待测变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数与标准值对比,从而辨别变压器绕组是否为铜材质。
随着频率的升高,变压器绕组的谐波电阻系数增加。在误差范围内,若待测变压器的谐波电阻系数与标准数据随频率增加的趋势一致,则可判定待测变压器绕组的材质为铜。若待测变压器的谐波电阻系数明显偏离标准数据,且随频率的升高偏离程度增大,则可判定待测变压器绕组材质为非铜。
综上,本发明提出了测量变压器谐波电阻以辨别绕组材质的方法,该方法不需要对变压器进行吊芯解体,可与现有的方法结合使用,准确地辨识变压器绕组的材质,具有较高的工程应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的基于谐波电阻测量的变压器绕组材质无损辨别方法的流程示意图;
图2为本发明所述的导体内谐波电流密度分布图;
图3为本发明所述的铜、铝导体的谐波电阻系数随频率变化的曲线图;
图4为本发明所述的变压器谐波短路实验电路图;
图5为本发明所述的铜、铝变压器绕组谐波电阻系数随频率变化的曲线图;
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案更加清楚,下面结合实例对本发明做进一步详细描述。
以杭州钱江电气集团股份有限公司出厂的相同铭牌参数的铜、铝变压器为例。
铜铝变压器铭牌参数
Figure BDA0003104877020000021
1)谐波短路实验测量铜变压器绕组的谐波电阻系数。
铜变压器谐波电阻系数
Figure BDA0003104877020000022
2)谐波短路实验测量待测变压器绕组的谐波电阻系数,以铝变压器为例。
待测变压器谐波电阻系数
Figure BDA0003104877020000023
3)将待测变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数与标准值对比,从而辨别变压器绕组是否为铜材质。
从一、二步可以看出待测变压器绕组的谐波电阻系数明显大于铜变压器,因此可判定待测变压器绕组的材质为非铜。
以上所述仅为本发明实际应用的一个案例,本发明不限于以上案例,可用于辨别各种型号、容量、电压等级、铭牌参数的变压器绕组的材质。本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和构思的前提下直接导出或联想到的其他改进和变化,均应认为包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.基于谐波电阻测量的铜铝变压器绕组材质辨别方法的主要依据:
1)谐波电流作用下,导体内的电流密度不均匀分布,导体等效截面积减小,导体电阻值增大。相同直流电阻、不同结构参数的铜、铝导体内的电流密度分布情况不同。因此,直流电阻相同的铜、铝导体的谐波电阻不同,以此可辨别导体的材质。
2)对于同铭牌参数的配电变压器,绕组材质对变压器的结构尺寸有影响。为了使铜、铝变压器具有相同的铭牌参数,必须重新调整变压器的导线截面积、线圈匝数、导线长度、铁芯尺寸等参数。因此,同铭牌参数的铜、铝变压器绕组的尺寸参数不同,谐波作用下短路电阻不同,以此辨别铜、铝变压器绕组的材质。
2.基于谐波电阻测量的铜铝变压器绕组材质辨别方法分为三个步骤:
1)测量并计算铜变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数,对于同一电压等级同铭牌参数的变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数,形成标准的数据库。
2)测量并计算待测变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数。
3)将待测变压器绕组的各次谐波电阻系数与标准值对比,从而辨别变压器绕组是否为铜材质。
3.权利要求1所述辨别方法,需要对变压器做短路实验,测量计算变压器绕组的谐波电阻值,从而得到谐波电阻系数。变压器的漏抗随着谐波频率的升高而增大,且相比于变压器的漏抗,变压器绕组的电阻较小。为了更精确的测量变压器绕组的短路电阻,减小谐波电源的电压值,采用串联补偿电容的方式来抵消变压器的漏抗,这种方法降低了对谐波电源电压和容量的需求,使变压器绕组谐波电阻测量装置更容易携带。串联补偿电容的变压器谐波短路实验步骤如下:
1)计算各频次下用于补偿变压器漏感的的电容值,补偿电容
Figure FDA0003104877010000011
2)根据第一步计算得到的电容值,选择大小合适的电容串联在电路中以补偿变压器漏感,调节谐波源电压,进行变压器短路实验。
3)电能质量分析仪分别测量变压器所加电压、流过变压器的电流、变压器消耗的有功功率等数据。对电压和电流进行傅里叶分解,得到基波电压、谐波电压、基波电流、谐波电流。
4)已知变压器基波短路电阻R1、基波电流I1、谐波电流Ih、功率损耗Pk的情况下,根据
Figure FDA0003104877010000012
计算变压器绕组谐波短路电阻。
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113884778A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-04 浙江华电器材检测研究院有限公司 一种基于高频激励的变压器绕组参数辨识方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113884778A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2022-01-04 浙江华电器材检测研究院有限公司 一种基于高频激励的变压器绕组参数辨识方法
CN113884778B (zh) * 2021-10-29 2024-04-05 浙江华电器材检测研究院有限公司 一种基于高频激励的变压器绕组参数辨识方法

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