CN113390903A - Online detection device and method for welding seam of end plug of nuclear fuel rod - Google Patents
Online detection device and method for welding seam of end plug of nuclear fuel rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN113390903A CN113390903A CN202110648488.9A CN202110648488A CN113390903A CN 113390903 A CN113390903 A CN 113390903A CN 202110648488 A CN202110648488 A CN 202110648488A CN 113390903 A CN113390903 A CN 113390903A
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 96
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/10—Structural combination of fuel element, control rod, reactor core, or moderator structure with sensitive instruments, e.g. for measuring radioactivity, strain
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to an X-ray digital imaging detection device and a method for detecting a weld of an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod, the device comprising: the conveying mechanism is used for assisting the nuclear fuel rods to automatically enter and exit the X-ray digital imaging detection device; a clamping and rotating mechanism for rotating the nuclear fuel rod to image a full circle of a weld of an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod during a detection process of the nuclear fuel rod; an X-ray machine mounting mechanism in which an X-ray machine that emits X-rays is mounted; and the flat panel detector mounting mechanism is internally provided with a flat panel detector and is used for being matched with the ray machine to image the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of on-line detection of nuclear fuel elements, and relates to a device for performing X-ray digital imaging detection on a nuclear fuel rod end plug welding seam and a method for performing on-line detection on the nuclear fuel rod end plug welding seam by using the device.
Background
The nuclear fuel rod is a unit body of the reactor for releasing heat, and is a core component of the reactor. The nuclear fuel rods are in a strong neutron field in the reactor, which is subjected to high temperatures and pressures during operation and to scouring of the coolant at high flow rates, while they are subjected to the chemical action of fissile materials and complex mechanical loads and to exposure to corrosive vapors, the operating conditions being very demanding. Therefore, the nuclear fuel rod is required to have high reliability and safety.
The sheath of the nuclear fuel rod is the first safety barrier of the nuclear reactor, and the weld present between the sheath and the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod is the weakest link in this barrier, where fission product leakage is most likely to occur. Therefore, the quality of the weld of the end plug directly affects the safe operation of the nuclear fuel rod in the nuclear reactor. Nondestructive testing of the weld of a nuclear fuel rod end plug is an important quality control measure.
At present, the nuclear fuel element factories in China all adopt an X-ray corner photography method to detect the end plug welding seam of the nuclear fuel rod according to the following procedures: irradiating the nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays for a first time; rotating the nuclear fuel rod 120 degrees clockwise (or counterclockwise); irradiating the nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays for a second time; then the nuclear fuel rod is rotated by 120 degrees clockwise (or anticlockwise); the nuclear fuel rod end plug is irradiated with X-rays a third time. In this method, the nuclear fuel rod is rotated twice, the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod is irradiated with X-rays three times, and the X-ray images of three angles are evaluated by a worker to draw a detection conclusion as to whether the fuel rod is qualified.
The end plugs of nuclear fuel rods are rod-shaped workpieces, the welding seams on the end plugs are annular, and according to the principle of being beneficial to detecting defects in the welding seams, when the welding seams are irradiated by X rays, the central lines of X-ray beams are required to be perpendicular to the central axis of the nuclear fuel rods, as shown in figure 1.
According to fig. 1, during X-ray irradiation, the central ray a in the X-ray beam passes through the weld 11 and the end plug 12, and the irradiation thickness is large, while the peripheral ray B in the X-ray beam passes only through the outer surface 13 of the nuclear fuel rod, and the irradiation thickness is almost zero.
Aiming at the particularity of the welding seam of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod, the X-ray imaging principle is combined, and a method for compensating the thickness by using a compensation block is generally adopted to eliminate the influence on the imaging quality caused by the uneven thickness of the end plug welding seam irradiated by X-rays.
As shown in fig. 2, the compensating block 54 is rectangular in cross-section with a hole therein having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the nuclear fuel rod end plug. During X-ray irradiation of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, the nuclear fuel rod end plug is inserted into the hole of the compensating block 54 with one surface of the compensating block 54 facing the X-ray beam, thereby ensuring that the X-ray beam passes uniformly through the irradiated material. By doing so, scattered radiation is reduced, such that the gray scale of the weld area of the nuclear fuel rod end plug in the X-ray transillumination image tends to be consistent, ensuring that defects in the weld can be clearly inspected.
In the above inspection process of the weld defect of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, much personnel is required to participate therein. Since the use of X-rays is unavoidable in the above process, it may cause health hazards to the personnel working on the job.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to an X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus and a method of detecting an object using the same. With such an X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus, it is desirable to be able to achieve fully automatic processing of an object to be detected, reducing human involvement.
The invention aims to provide an X-ray digital imaging detection device for a nuclear fuel rod end plug welding seam, which can automatically compensate transillumination of the welding seam of a fuel rod end plug in multiple angles and realize 100% detection of internal defects of the welding seam of the end plug.
The nuclear fuel rod may be a cylindrical zirconium clad or stainless steel clad fuel rod such as AFA2G, AFA3G, AP1000, MOX, and the like.
According to the present invention, there is provided an X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus for inspecting a weld of an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod, the apparatus comprising: a transport mechanism for driving an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod into and out of a detection zone; a clamping and rotating mechanism for rotating the nuclear fuel rod to image a whole circle of a weld of an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod at a plurality of angles during the detection of the nuclear fuel rod; the ray machine mounting mechanism is provided with a ray machine for emitting X rays to an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod in the detection area and a first lifting mechanism for driving the ray machine to move up and down to adjust the focal distance; and the flat panel detector mounting mechanism is provided with a flat panel detector and a second lifting mechanism for driving the flat panel detector to move up and down, and the flat panel detector is used for being matched with the ray machine and imaging an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod in the detection area.
The X-ray digital imaging detection device further comprises: a code reading mechanism for reading the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod being tested; the thickness compensation mechanism is a cuboid with a hole, and an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod enters the hole to realize thickness compensation during X-ray transillumination; the ray transillumination window is positioned between the ray machine mounting mechanism and the flat panel detector mounting mechanism and is used for controlling the irradiation range of the X rays emitted by the ray machine; and the ray shielding body is arranged around the whole X-ray digital imaging detection device and is used for reducing the leakage of the X-rays.
The X-ray digital imaging detection device further comprises an automatic control system, wherein the conveying mechanism, the clamping and rotating mechanism, the code reading mechanism, the thickness compensation mechanism, the ray machine installation mechanism and the flat panel detector installation mechanism are all electrically connected with the automatic control system, so that the automatic control of the mechanisms is realized through the automatic control system. According to the invention, there is provided a method of performing X-ray digital imaging inspection on a weld of an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod, using the above X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus, the method comprising: the conveying mechanism is controlled by an automatic control system to convey the nuclear fuel rod end plugs forwards into the X-ray digital imaging detection device automatically; controlling the thickness compensation mechanism to laterally move through an automatic control system so that an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod smoothly enters a compensation block of the thickness compensation mechanism; the lifting of the flat panel detector and the lifting of the ray machine are controlled by the automatic control system so as to adjust the positions of the X-ray and the flat panel detector and achieve the purpose of obtaining a clear X-ray imaging result.
The X-ray digital imaging detection method further comprises the following steps: in the process of X-ray imaging of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, the clamping rotating mechanism is controlled through the automatic control system to rotate the nuclear fuel rod, so that in the detection process of the nuclear fuel rod, imaging is realized on the whole circle of a welding seam of the nuclear fuel rod end plug through multi-angle transillumination; in the detection process of the nuclear fuel rod, the nuclear fuel rod is rotated along with the clamping and rotating mechanism, and the reading of the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod is completed by controlling the code reading mechanism through the automatic control system; and the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod read by the code reading mechanism is correspondingly stored in the automatic control system with the imaging result of the welding seam of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod under the control of the automatic control system.
In the X-ray digital imaging detection method, the automatic control system controls the ray machine mounting mechanism to adjust the transillumination focal length within the range of 800 mm-1200 mm, and the automatic control system controls the flat panel detector mounting mechanism to adjust the amplification factor of the X-ray real-time imaging of the welding line of the end plug within the range of 1-1.5 times.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exemplary method of irradiating a weld of a nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary method of irradiating a weld of a nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays with a compensation mass applied;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an X-ray digital imaging detection device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a method of in-line testing of a nuclear fuel rod end plug using an X-ray digital imaging testing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary method of irradiating a weld of a nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays. As shown in FIG. 1, the nuclear fuel rod is a cylindrical member and, upon exposure of the nuclear fuel rod end plug 12 to X-rays, rays A located near the center of the X-ray beam
The irradiation thickness of the ray a is greater through the weld 11 and the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod, while the ray B in the peripheral position in the X-ray beam passes only through the outer surface 13 of the nuclear fuel rod, the irradiation thickness being almost zero. In this case, since the X-ray imaging result is distorted due to the uneven irradiation thickness of different portions, it is difficult to recognize whether or not there is a defect in the weld bead, the size and position of the defect, and the like from such an image. Therefore, thickness compensation of the nuclear fuel rod is required.
In the art, a common thickness compensation method is to insert an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod into a rectangular parallelepiped (hereinafter, referred to as a compensation block) with a circular hole fitted to the end plug, and to subject the end plug and the compensation block together as an object of X-ray irradiation. FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary method of irradiating a weld of a nuclear fuel rod end plug with X-rays with a compensation mass applied.
As shown in fig. 2, the compensating block 54 is rectangular in cross-section with a hole therein having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the nuclear fuel rod end plug. When the nuclear fuel rod end plug is irradiated with X-rays, the nuclear fuel rod end plug is inserted into the hole of the compensating block 54, one surface of the compensating block 54 without the hole faces the X-ray beam, that is, the X-ray beam is incident on the one surface at a right angle, and the irradiation direction of the X-rays is perpendicular to the axial direction of the hole and thus the nuclear fuel rod end plug in the hole. In this way, it can be ensured that the thickness of the object penetrated by each beam of X-rays is uniform. Thus, the X-ray beam uniformly passes through the irradiated substance. As each X ray is vertically incident, scattered rays are reduced, and the chromaticity and the brightness of a transmission image of an object penetrated by the X rays are uniform, so that the gray level of a welding seam area of the nuclear fuel rod end plug in the X ray transillumination image tends to be consistent, and the defect in the welding seam can be clearly checked through manual work.
According to the invention, an X-ray digital imaging detection device is provided to realize the above full-automatic inspection and on-line evaluation of the welding seam of the nuclear fuel rod end plug. The X-ray digital imaging detection device can be used for detecting the weld defects of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, simultaneously reducing the manual participation and enhancing the safety guarantee for the environment and people.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, an X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus for weld inspection of a nuclear fuel rod end plug according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a conveying mechanism 20, a code reading mechanism 30, a clamping and rotating mechanism 40, a thickness compensation mechanism 50, a flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60, a ray transillumination window 70, a ray machine mounting mechanism 80, a ray shielding body 90 and the like.
The transport mechanism 20 is used to transport an object to be detected by X-rays, which is, for example, a nuclear fuel rod 10 in the present invention. The end plug 12 (see fig. 1 and 2) of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is put forward into the transport mechanism 20. The transport mechanism 20 automatically and slowly advances the nuclear fuel rod 10 forward until reaching a proper position of the X-ray digital imaging detection device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and until reaching the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 into a thickness compensation mechanism 50 described later according to the present invention.
According to the invention, the nuclear fuel rod 10 may be AFA2G, AFA3G, AP1000, MOX, etc., having a cylindrical outer shell made of a metallic material such as zirconium or stainless steel.
In addition, according to the present invention, after the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is X-rayed and imaged, the transportation mechanism 20 is further required to drive the nuclear fuel rod 10 so that the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is withdrawn from the thickness compensation mechanism 50, and further, the nuclear fuel rod 10 which has completed the inspection is withdrawn from the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus according to the present invention.
According to the invention, a code reading mechanism 30 is further arranged in the X-ray digital imaging detection device, the code reading mechanism 30 is used for acquiring the identity information of the nuclear fuel rod 10, so that the nuclear fuel rod 10 being detected forms a corresponding relation with the detection result thereof, and the whole process control of the detection process can be realized through the corresponding relation. The correspondence of each nuclear fuel rod to its inspection result, by which defective nuclear fuel rods can be easily positioned, is stored in the automatic control system for controlling the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus according to the present invention, so that it is possible to prevent defective nuclear fuel rods from being introduced into use.
A clamping and rotating mechanism 40 is also provided in the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to the present invention. In the present invention, since the X-ray projection direction is fixed, it is necessary to rotate the detection object to obtain an X-ray image of a full angle. The clamping and rotating mechanism 40 of the X-ray digital imaging detection device is used for driving the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate. According to the present invention, after the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is moved into position, X-ray transillumination and imaging are performed once, then, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 drives the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate by 120 ° for the second time of X-ray transillumination and imaging, and then, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 drives the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate by 120 ° again for the third time of X-ray transillumination and imaging. That is, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 drives the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate twice, each rotation being 120 °, during the transillumination and imaging of the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 in all directions. Of course, if necessary, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 may drive the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate three times by 90 ° each time, or the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 may drive the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate more times by a corresponding angle each time. The present invention is not limited to these data.
In addition, according to the present invention, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 drives the nuclear fuel rod 10 to rotate, and simultaneously, the code reading mechanism 30 is convenient to acquire the identity information of the nuclear fuel rod 10. Since the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 drives the nuclear fuel rod 10 to complete 360 ° rotation while the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is being inspected for weld defects, the position of the nuclear fuel rod 10 in the circumferential direction may not be specified when the nuclear fuel rod 10 is transported into the X-ray digital imaging detection device by the transport mechanism 20. While the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is being inspected for weld defects, the code reading mechanism 30 may continuously read the code for the nuclear fuel rod 10, or may read the code in an intermittent manner: reading the code once after the nuclear fuel rod 10 is moved into position by the transfer mechanism 20; reading the code once after the nuclear fuel rod 10 is rotated for the first time by the clamping and rotating mechanism 40; and reading the code once after the nuclear fuel rod 10 is rotated for the second time by the clamping and rotating mechanism 40. In short, in the process of reading the code in an intermittent manner, while the nuclear fuel rod 10 is moved into position in the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus by the transfer mechanism 20, one code reading is performed, and then, after each rotation of the nuclear fuel rod 10 by the clamping and rotating mechanism 40, one code reading is performed, and the results of the multiple code readings are transferred to the calculation control device of the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus for data arrangement and storage.
In addition, according to the present invention, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 may also serve as a buffer while the nuclear fuel rod 10 is transferred into the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus by the transfer mechanism 20. Specifically, in the process that the nuclear fuel rod 10 is conveyed into the X-ray digital imaging detection device by the conveying mechanism 20, when the nuclear fuel rod 10 reaches the clamping and rotating mechanism 40, the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 clamps the nuclear fuel rod 10 and rotates the nuclear fuel rod gently and slowly, so that the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 can enter the thickness compensation mechanism 50 smoothly and gently, and thus, not only can the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 be ensured to move smoothly in place, but also the working noise of the X-ray digital imaging detection device according to the present invention can be reduced.
According to the present invention, the thickness compensation mechanism 50 provided in the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus is used for thickness compensation of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10, and the principle of the thickness compensation has been described in detail with reference to fig. 1 and will not be described herein again. The thickness compensation mechanism 50 is composed of a compensation block 54, a drive mechanism (not shown), and the like. The compensating block 54 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a hole therein with a diameter corresponding to that of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 for fitting with the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 so that the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 can be easily inserted therein without a large clearance. The positioning of the compensation block 54 is: one of the four faces of the compensation block 54 on which the hole is not provided faces the X-ray beam, that is, the X-ray beam is incident on the one face at a right angle, and the irradiation direction of the X-ray is perpendicular to the axial direction of the hole, and thus the axial direction of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 in the hole. In this way, it can be ensured that the thickness of the object penetrated by each beam of X-rays is uniform. Thus, the X-ray beam uniformly passes through the irradiated substance. Since each beam of X-rays is incident perpendicularly, scattered rays are reduced, and thus, the transmission image of the object through which the X-rays penetrate is uniform in chromaticity and brightness, so that the gray scale of the weld area of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 in the X-ray transillumination image tends to be uniform. After the compensating block 54 is positioned, the compensating block 54 does not rotate, but may move laterally, i.e., along the axial direction of the nuclear fuel rod 10. According to the invention, such lateral movability of the compensating block 54 may facilitate smooth entry of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10, avoiding collisions and the generation of harsh noises. The present invention provides a drive mechanism (not shown) for assisting in achieving such lateral movement of the compensation block 54.
The flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60 in the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to the present invention is used to fix a flat panel detector (not shown). The flat panel detector is typically located directly above the compensation block 54 and is used for adjustment feedback during X-ray exposure of the compensation block 54 and the end plugs 12 therein, as well as for recording the results of X-ray exposure of the subject. The flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60 is composed of a lifting mechanism (not shown), a heat dissipation mechanism (not shown), and the like. The flat panel detector can move in two directions of upward and downward through the lifting mechanism, and the X-ray digital image magnification and definition of the welding seam of the end plug 12 can be adjusted by changing the distance relation among the ray machine, the detection object (the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10) and the flat panel detector which are arranged in the X-ray digital imaging detection device. The heat dissipation mechanism is used for dissipating heat of the flat panel detector to prevent the flat panel detector from being overheated, so that the flat panel detector is ensured to operate effectively for a long time.
Directly below the flat panel detector and the compensation block 54, a radiolucent window 70 is provided for allowing the X-rays emitted by the X-ray machine to pass therethrough while controlling the irradiation range of the X-ray beam, and in the case of ensuring that the X-ray beam falls completely within the range of the flat panel detector, the smaller the irradiation range of the X-ray beam, the smaller the influence of scattered rays. The X-ray beam with small irradiation range is beneficial to improving the sensitivity and accuracy of X-ray digital imaging detection.
Below the radiology window 70, a radiographic machine mounting mechanism 80 is provided for fixing the X-ray machine, and is composed of a lifting mechanism (not shown), a filter (not shown), and the like. After the X-ray machine is installed in the X-ray machine mounting mechanism 80, it can be adjusted in both the upward and downward directions by the elevating mechanism to change the transillumination focal length of the X-rays while the X-rays are digitally imaging detecting the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10.
The ray machine shield 90 is used for shielding X-rays emitted by the X-ray machine when the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied, so as to ensure that the X-rays do not leak when the X-ray machine is in operation, thereby ensuring the safety of the external environment of the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
A method for in-line testing of a nuclear fuel rod end plug using an X-ray digital imaging testing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to fig. 4.
FIG. 4 is a method of in-line testing of a nuclear fuel rod end plug using an X-ray digital imaging testing apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In fig. 4, in addition to the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an automatic control system (not shown) is provided, which comprehensively controls the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus. The automatic control system is provided with nuclear fuel rod end plug welding seam X-ray real-time imaging detection software which is researched and developed by matching with the X-ray digital imaging detection device of the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
According to the present invention, after entering the X-ray digital imaging detection device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention with the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 facing forward, the code reading mechanism 30 provided in the X-ray digital imaging detection device continuously or repeatedly reads the identification information of the nuclear fuel rod 10 and transmits the data of the code reading to the automatic control system for processing and saving by the X-ray real-time imaging detection software. At the same time, the X-ray real-time imaging detection software also processes and saves the results of X-ray imaging of the compensation block 54 and the end plug 12 therein by the flat panel detector and stores the identity information of one nuclear fuel rod 10 in correspondence with the X-ray scanning results of its end plug 12. The X-ray real-time imaging detection software for the welding seam of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod can realize the automation of analyzing and processing transillumination images of different angles of one circle of rotation of the welding seam of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod, identify possible defects in the welding seam of the end plug through an image processing algorithm, give a conclusion whether the welding seam detection of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod is qualified or not, and send a detection result to an automatic control system so as to realize the automatic sorting whether the nuclear fuel rod is qualified or not. By the nuclear fuel rod end plug welding seam X-ray real-time imaging detection software, full-automatic online detection of the welding seam of the end plug of the fuel rod and automatic evaluation of internal defects can be realized, so that manual errors and harm to personnel health are avoided.
In fig. 4, an automatic control system is used to automatically control each component of the X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
First, the automatic control system controls the operation of the transfer mechanism 20 of the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus to transfer the nuclear fuel rod 10 into the X-ray digital imaging inspection apparatus. When the nuclear fuel rod 10 enters a certain degree, the automatic control system controls the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 to rotate the nuclear fuel rod 10 gently, and meanwhile, the automatic control system can control the compensation block 54 to move laterally, so that the nuclear fuel rod 10 can stably and reliably enter the compensation block 54 of the thickness compensation mechanism 50, and thickness compensation during X-ray transillumination is realized.
Next, when the nuclear fuel rod 10 is moved in place in the X-ray digital imaging detection device, the automatic control system controls the code reading mechanism 30 to start continuous code reading of the nuclear fuel rod 10, and controls the flat panel probe mounting mechanism 60 and the ray machine mounting mechanism 80 to perform X-ray imaging of the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10.
Specifically, the automatic control system controls the lifting mechanism of the flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60 to lift the flat panel detector, and controls the lifting mechanism of the ray machine mounting mechanism 80 to lift the ray machine to adjust the focal length of the X-rays, thereby obtaining the cleaned X-ray transillumination image. According to the invention, the transillumination focal length is adjusted within the range of 800 mm-1200 mm by the ray machine installation mechanism 80 in the X-ray digital imaging detection device, the amplification factor of X-ray real-time imaging of the welding seam of the end plug 12 is adjusted within the range of 1-1.5 times by the flat panel detector installation mechanism 60, and the detection sensitivity of the X-ray transillumination image obtained by detection under the parameter is high.
Then, after imaging the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 once, the automatic control system controls the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 to rotate the nuclear fuel rod 10 by 120 degrees; then, the automatic control system controls the flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60 and the ray machine mounting mechanism 80 to perform a second X-ray imaging on the welding seam of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10; then, the automatic control system controls the clamping and rotating mechanism 40 to rotate the nuclear fuel rod 10 for the second time by 120 degrees, and finally, the automatic control system controls the flat panel detector mounting mechanism 60 and the ray machine mounting mechanism 80 to perform the third X-ray imaging on the welding seam of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10.
Additionally, the automated control system may control the code reading mechanism 30 to continuously read the code for the nuclear fuel rod 10 during imaging of the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10. Alternatively, the automatic control system may control the code reading mechanism 30 to intermittently read the code of the nuclear fuel rod 10 for three times after the nuclear fuel rod 10 is mounted in place, rotated for the first time, and rotated for the second time, respectively. This saves power and reduces the use of the code reading mechanism 30.
Finally, after the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is imaged three times and the detection of the weld of the end plug 12 of the nuclear fuel rod 10 is completed, the automatic control system can control the conveying mechanism 20 to run reversely, so that the detected nuclear fuel rod 10 automatically exits from the X-ray digital imaging detection device.
By matching with the X-ray digital imaging detection device of the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the developed X-ray real-time imaging detection software and the automatic control system for the end plug welding seam of the nuclear fuel rod can realize the functions of automatic feeding and discharging, transportation, thickness compensation, clamping rotation, automatic starting and stopping of an X-ray machine and the like of the nuclear fuel rod, and realize the unmanned X-ray transillumination field.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms or other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. An X-ray digital imaging inspection device for inspecting welds of an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod, the device comprising:
a transport mechanism for driving an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod into and out of a detection zone;
a clamping and rotating mechanism for rotating the nuclear fuel rod to image a whole circle of a weld of an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod at a plurality of angles during the detection of the nuclear fuel rod;
the ray machine mounting mechanism is provided with a ray machine for emitting X rays to an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod in the detection area and a first lifting mechanism for driving the ray machine to move up and down to adjust the focal distance;
and the flat panel detector mounting mechanism is provided with a flat panel detector and a second lifting mechanism for driving the flat panel detector to move up and down, and the flat panel detector is used for being matched with the ray machine and imaging an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod in the detection area.
2. The X-ray digital imaging detection device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a code reading mechanism for reading the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod being tested;
the thickness compensation mechanism is a cuboid with a hole, and an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod enters the hole to realize thickness compensation during X-ray transillumination;
the ray transillumination window is positioned between the ray machine mounting mechanism and the flat panel detector mounting mechanism and is used for controlling the irradiation range of the X rays emitted by the ray machine;
and the ray shielding body is arranged around the whole X-ray digital imaging detection device and is used for reducing the leakage of the X-rays.
3. The X-ray digital imaging detection apparatus of claim 2, further comprising an automatic control system, wherein,
the conveying mechanism, the clamping and rotating mechanism, the code reading mechanism, the thickness compensation mechanism, the ray machine installation mechanism and the flat panel detector installation mechanism are all electrically connected with the automatic control system, so that the automatic control of the mechanisms is realized through the automatic control system.
4. A method of X-ray digital imaging inspection of a weld of an end plug of a nuclear fuel rod using the X-ray digital imaging inspection device of claim 3, the method comprising:
the conveying mechanism is controlled by an automatic control system to convey the nuclear fuel rod end plugs forwards into the X-ray digital imaging detection device automatically;
controlling the thickness compensation mechanism to laterally move through an automatic control system so that an end plug of the nuclear fuel rod smoothly enters a compensation block of the thickness compensation mechanism;
the lifting of the flat panel detector and the lifting of the ray machine are controlled by the automatic control system so as to adjust the positions of the X-ray and the flat panel detector and achieve the purpose of obtaining a clear X-ray imaging result.
5. The X-ray digital imaging detection method of claim 4, further comprising:
in the process of X-ray imaging of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, the clamping rotating mechanism is controlled through the automatic control system to rotate the nuclear fuel rod, so that in the detection process of the nuclear fuel rod, imaging is realized on the whole circle of a welding seam of the nuclear fuel rod end plug through multi-angle transillumination;
in the detection process of the nuclear fuel rod, the nuclear fuel rod is rotated along with the clamping and rotating mechanism, and the reading of the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod is completed by controlling the code reading mechanism through the automatic control system; wherein
And under the control of the automatic control system, storing the identity code of the nuclear fuel rod read by the code reading mechanism in the automatic control system in correspondence with the imaging result of the welding seam of the end plug of the nuclear fuel rod.
6. The X-ray digital imaging detection method of claim 4,
in the process of X-ray imaging of the nuclear fuel rod end plug, the transillumination focal length is adjusted within the range of 800 mm-1200 mm by controlling the ray machine installation mechanism through the automatic control system, and the amplification factor of X-ray real-time imaging of a welding line of the end plug is adjusted within the range of 1-1.5 times by controlling the flat panel detector installation mechanism through the automatic control system.
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