CN113390770B - Device and method for evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to cracks of tight oil and gas reservoirs - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to cracks of tight oil and gas reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for evaluating fracture injuries of fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir. The device for evaluating the damage of fracturing fluid to the cracks of the tight oil and gas reservoir comprises: the joint making structure is used for making joints on the standard rock core manually; the standard rock core after the processing of the joint making structure is fixed in the rock core holder; the injection fluid rapid steering structure is communicated with an inlet and an outlet of the core holder, so that the working state of the injection fluid rapid steering structure is adjusted, and the fracturing fluid filtrate can cause manual damage to the standard core in the core holder. The method solves the problem that the fracturing fluid in the prior art is inaccurate in evaluating the fracture damage of the tight oil and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas exploitation, in particular to a device and a method for evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to cracks of a tight oil and gas reservoir.
Background
In recent years, land oil and gas reservoir development is advanced towards middle-deep layers, and physical properties such as oil and gas reservoir permeability are poorer and worse, for example, the gas measurement permeability of shale oil and gas reservoirs and middle-deep layer conglomerate oil reservoirs is much 1 multiplied by 10 -3 μm 2 The following is given. Such low permeability reservoirs typically require extensive volumetric fracturing to produce benefits. The indoor reservoir damage evaluation is mainly realized through a series of indoor experiments such as core flow experiments, and the damage mechanism, damage type and damage degree of the reservoir are evaluated and researched through interaction of the external fluid and the reservoir core, interaction of the external fluid and the stratum fluid, and the like. And screening out reasonable preventive measures according to the evaluation result, and finding out remedial measures for the damaged oil and gas reservoirs.
So far, regarding indoor evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoir damage, there is no unified evaluation index and test program internationally, and the evaluation results are mainly obtained by researchers according to respective experimental devices and test programs. The damage rate of the fracturing fluid to the core matrix permeability is generally evaluated in China according to SY/T5107-2016 water-based fracturing fluid evaluation method. For dense cores, fluids at high pressure are difficult to pass through the core matrix, and permeability injury assessment cannot be performed. In the large-scale volumetric fracturing construction process, a fracturing fluid main body passes through and stays in cracks, the cracks show different permeabilities under different closing pressures, the damage of the fracturing fluid to an oil reservoir is mainly represented by the damage to the permeabilities of the cracks, and no evaluation method for the damage of the fracturing fluid is available for natural cracks of the oil reservoir and artificial cracks generated by hydraulic fracturing.
From the above, the problem of inaccurate evaluation of fracturing fluid on fracture damage of a tight oil and gas reservoir exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device and a method for evaluating damage of fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir fracture, so as to solve the problem that the evaluation of the fracturing fluid to the tight oil and gas reservoir fracture in the prior art is inaccurate.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising: the joint making structure is used for making joints on the standard rock core manually; the standard rock core after the processing of the joint making structure is fixed in the rock core holder; the injection fluid rapid steering structure is communicated with an inlet and an outlet of the core holder, so that the working state of the injection fluid rapid steering structure is adjusted, and the fracturing fluid filtrate can cause manual damage to the standard core in the core holder.
Further, the suture-making structure includes a tension suture-making structure and a shear suture-making structure.
Further, the stretch-draw joint structure includes: the stretching base is provided with a concave part to form a rock chamber, and the standard rock core is placed in the rock core chamber; the tensioning sliding press block is adjustably arranged on the outer side of the notch of the concave part, and a fracturing bulge is arranged on one side of the tensioning sliding press block facing the rock chamber and/or one side of the tensioning base facing the rock chamber; the guide post is fixed on the tensioning base, and the tensioning sliding pressing block slides relative to the guide post.
Further, the fracturing projections have pressure tips for pressing against standard cores.
Further, the shear sewing structure includes: shearing a base; and the shear sliding pressing block is provided with a plurality of hollow cavities, wherein at least one part of the shear sliding pressing block stretches into the shear base and forms two cylindrical cavities with the shear base, the two hollow cavities form two rock chambers, a standard rock core is placed in the rock core chamber, and the shear sliding pressing block is adjustably connected with the shear base in position.
Further, the injection fluid fast turn structure includes: the forward pipeline is used for detecting the permeability of the standard rock core; and the reverse pipeline is used for manually damaging the standard rock core.
Further, the forward pipeline comprises a first forward pipeline, a second forward pipeline, a first needle valve and a second needle valve, the first needle valve is located on the first forward pipeline, the second needle valve is located on the second forward pipeline, the first forward pipeline is communicated with an inlet of the core holder, and the second forward pipeline is communicated with an outlet of the core holder.
Further, the reverse pipeline comprises a first reverse pipeline, a second reverse pipeline, a third needle valve and a fourth needle valve, the third needle valve is positioned on the first reverse pipeline, the fourth needle valve is positioned on the second reverse pipeline, the communication position of the first reverse pipeline and the first forward pipeline is far away from the core holder relative to the communication position of the second reverse pipeline and the first forward pipeline, and the first needle valve is positioned between the communication position of the first reverse pipeline and the first forward pipeline and the communication position of the second reverse pipeline and the first forward pipeline; and/or the communication part of the second reverse pipeline and the second forward pipeline is far away from the core holder relative to the communication part of the first reverse pipeline and the second forward pipeline, and the second needle valve is positioned between the communication part of the second reverse pipeline and the second forward pipeline and the communication part of the first reverse pipeline and the second forward pipeline.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir fracture, wherein the apparatus for evaluating damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir fracture implements the method for evaluating damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir fracture, and the method for evaluating damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight oil and gas reservoir fracture comprises: manually making a seam on the standard rock core; fixing and saturating the standard rock core; determination of permeability K of Standard core before Artificial injury 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Manually damaging the standard rock core; determination of permeability K of Standard core after Artificial injury 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculation of permeability damage rate D of Standard core K 。
Further, when the standard rock core is manually sewn, a tension sewing structure or a shearing sewing structure is selected according to experimental requirements.
Further, the method of evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fractures further comprises: after the standard core is fixed and saturated, the permeability K of the standard core before artificial damage is measured 1 Previously, the saturated standard core was placed in a core holder.
Further, when the standard rock core is damaged manually, the fracturing fluid filtrate is injected into the rock core holder reversely through the reverse pipeline, so that the standard rock core is damaged manually.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the standard rock core is subjected to artificial fracture making through two fracture making structures, so that the fractures generated by different causes of the oil reservoir are effectively simulated; the rapid switching of the flowing medium flowing through the standard rock core in the front-back direction in the experimental process is realized through the rapid diversion structure of the injected fluid, a specific experimental flow is specified by the method for evaluating the damage of the fracturing fluid to the fracture of the tight oil and gas reservoir, a reliable method is provided for evaluating the fracturing fluid for developing the fracturing fluid of the oil reservoir, and therefore the accuracy of evaluating the damage of the fracturing fluid to the fracture of the tight oil and gas reservoir is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the injection fluid fast diverting structure of an apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fractures in an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a force-bearing schematic of a standard core in an alternative embodiment of the present invention using a tensioned joint-making structure to manually joint the standard core;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural view of a tensioned joint-making structure of an apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir joints in an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a force-bearing schematic of a standard core in an alternative embodiment of the present invention using a shear-induced fracture structure to artificially-induced fracture of the standard core;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic structural view of a shear joint-making structure of an apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir joints in an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Wherein the above figures include the following reference numerals:
10. tensioning a sliding press block; 20. stretching the base; 30. standard core; 40. shearing a sliding pressing block; 50. a core chamber; 60. shearing a base; 70. a forward pipeline; 71. a first forward line; 72. a second forward line; 73. a first needle valve; 74. a second needle valve; 80. a reverse pipeline; 81. a first reversing line; 82. a second reversing line; 83. a third needle valve; 84. a fourth needle valve; 90. core holder.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
It is noted that all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs unless otherwise indicated.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" are used generally with respect to the orientation shown in the drawings or with respect to the component itself in the vertical, upright or gravitational direction; also, for ease of understanding and description, "inner and outer" refers to inner and outer relative to the profile of each component itself, but the above-mentioned orientation terms are not intended to limit the present invention.
In order to solve the problem that the fracturing fluid in the prior art is inaccurate in evaluating the fracture damage of the tight oil and gas reservoir, the invention provides a device and a method for evaluating the fracture damage of the fracturing fluid to the tight oil and gas reservoir.
The device for damaging the tight oil and gas reservoir cracks by the fracturing fluid adopts the method for damaging the tight oil and gas reservoir cracks by the fracturing fluid.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoirs includes a fracture formation, a core holder 90, and an injection fluid fast turn-around formation. The slit-making structure is used for making slits manually on the standard core 30 so as to enable the standard core 30 to form slits. The standard core 30 after the slit making structure treatment is fixed in the core holder 90. The injection fluid rapid diversion structure is communicated with the inlet and outlet of the core holder 90, so that the working state of the injection fluid rapid diversion structure is adjusted, and the fracturing fluid filtrate can cause artificial damage to the standard core 30 in the core holder 90.
The fracture structure enables the standard core 30 to form a fracture, effectively simulates the fracture of an oil reservoir, fixes the standard core 30 with the fracture through the core holder 90 after the standard core 30 with the fracture is formed, and realizes the rapid switching of the flowing medium flowing through the standard core 30 in the front-back direction in the experimental process by controlling the injection fluid rapid steering structure (the multiple valve structures), so that the fracturing fluid filtrate is reversely injected to artificially damage the standard core 30.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, the slit structure in the present invention includes a tension slit structure and a shear slit structure. In the particular embodiment shown in fig. 3, the tension joint structure includes a tension base 20, a tension sliding block 10, and a guide post. The tension base 20 has recesses to form core chambers 50, and standard cores 30 are placed within the core chambers 50. The tension sliding press block 10 is adjustably disposed outside of the recess, and a side of the tension sliding press block 10 facing the core chamber 50 and a side of the tension base 20 facing the core chamber 50 are provided with fracturing protrusions. The fracturing projections have pressure tips for pressing against the standard core 30. The guide post is fixed on the tensioning base 20, and the tensioning sliding press block 10 slides relative to the guide post.
In the particular embodiment shown in fig. 5, the shear sewing structure includes a shear base 60 and a shear slide press 40. At least a portion of the shear slide press 40 extends into the interior of the shear base 60 and forms two cylindrical hollow cavities with the shear base 60, the two hollow cavities form two core chambers 50, the standard core 30 is disposed within the core chamber 50, and the shear slide press 40 is adjustably connected with the shear base 60 in position.
The standard rock core 30 can form two different cracks formed by artificial fracture by stretching and cutting the fracture structure, so that the cracks generated by different causes of the oil reservoir can be effectively simulated.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, when the standard core 30 is artificially stitched using the tension and shear stitch structures, the stress direction of the standard core 30 is different. When the standard core 30 is manually slit using the tension slit structure, the standard core 30 is subjected to tension force. When the standard core 30 is manually slit using the shear slit-making structure, the standard core 30 is subjected to a shear force. Thus, the standard core 30 can form two different types of cracks, and cracks generated by different causes of oil reservoirs can be effectively simulated.
In the particular embodiment shown in fig. 1, the injection fluid fast turn structure includes a forward line 70 and a reverse line 80 for adjusting the injection direction of the flowing medium injected into the core holder 90. The forward pipeline 70 is used for detecting the permeability of the standard rock core 30, and the reverse pipeline 80 is used for manually damaging the standard rock core 30.
As shown in fig. 1, the forward line 70 includes a first forward line 71, a second forward line 72, a first needle valve 73, and a second needle valve 74, the first needle valve 73 being located on the first forward line 71, the second needle valve 74 being located on the second forward line 72, the first forward line 71 being in communication with the inlet of the core holder 90, the second forward line 72 being in communication with the outlet of the core holder 90.
As shown in fig. 1, the reverse piping 80 includes a first reverse piping 81, a second reverse piping 82, a third needle valve 83, and a fourth needle valve 84, the third needle valve 83 being located on the first reverse piping 81, the fourth needle valve 84 being located on the second reverse piping 82.
Specifically, the communication between the first reverse pipe 81 and the first forward pipe 71 is far from the core holder 90 relative to the communication between the second reverse pipe 82 and the first forward pipe 71, and the first needle valve 73 is located between the communication between the first reverse pipe 81 and the first forward pipe 71 and the communication between the second reverse pipe 82 and the first forward pipe 71. The connection between the second reverse line 82 and the second forward line 72 is remote from the core holder 90 relative to the connection between the first reverse line 81 and the second forward line 72, and the second needle valve 74 is located between the connection between the second reverse line 82 and the second forward line 72 and the connection between the first reverse line 81 and the second forward line 72. Thus, when the first needle valve 73 and the second needle valve 74 are opened and the third needle valve 83 and the fourth needle valve 84 are closed, the flow direction of the flowing medium is positive. When the flowing direction of the flowing medium needs to be adjusted to be reversed, the first needle valve 73 and the second needle valve 74 are closed, and the third needle valve 83 and the fourth needle valve 84 are opened, so that the flowing medium can be quickly switched in the front-back direction of the flowing medium flowing through the standard rock core 30 in the experimental process.
The method for damaging the cracks of the tight oil and gas reservoir by the fracturing fluid comprises the following steps: manually making a seam on the standard rock core 30; performing fixing and saturation treatment on the standard rock core 30; determination of permeability K of standard core 30 before Artificial damage 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Manual damage to the standard core 30; determination of permeability K of standard core 30 after Artificial damage 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Calculation of the permeability damage rate D of the Standard core 30 K 。
In one specific embodiment, the standard core 30 is cylindrical, the standard core 30 has a cross-sectional diameter of 25 millimeters, and the standard core 30 has a length of 50 millimeters.
When the standard rock core 30 is manually sewn, a tension-type seam making structure or a shear-type seam making structure is selected according to experimental requirements, the standard rock core 30 is fixed in a rock chamber 50, the whole tension-type seam making structure or the shear-type seam making structure is placed under a press machine to be pressurized, the standard rock core 30 is stressed to generate cracks along with the movement of the tension-type sliding press block 10 or the shear-type sliding press block 40, and the pressurization is stopped immediately after the standard rock core 30 generates the cracks, so that the manual seam making is completed.
Specifically, when the standard core 30 is manually stitched by selecting the tension stitching structure, a fracturing protrusion is provided on one side of the tension sliding press block 10 facing the core chamber 50 and one side of the tension base 20 facing the core chamber 50, and the fracturing protrusion has a pressure tip. The tension-making structure is placed under a press to be pressurized, the tension-sliding press block 10 slides downwards relative to the guide post under the action of pressure, the standard rock core 30 is extruded by the pressure tip, and the stress condition of the standard rock core 30 is shown in fig. 2, so that a fracture caused by tension force is formed.
When the shear joint structure is selected to manually joint the standard cores 30, the two standard cores 30 are respectively placed in the two core chambers 50, the shear joint structure is placed under a press to be pressurized, the shear sliding press block 40 moves downwards under the action of the pressure, one side, close to the inner part of the shear joint structure, of the two standard cores 30 is extruded, and the stress condition of the standard cores 30 is shown in fig. 4 so as to form a crack caused by the shear force.
After the artificial joint is made, the standard rock core 30 is divided into two halves, the two halves of the standard rock core 30 are attached together, and the standard rock core 30 is wrapped and fixed by a raw rubber belt. The standard core 30 is then saturated with kerosene or standard brine.
The fully saturated standard core 30 is placed in the core holder 90, and a flow medium is injected into the core holder 90, wherein the flow medium is consistent with the liquid used in the saturation treatment, and the injection direction of the flow medium is consistent with the flow direction of the reservoir fluid. The confining pressure of the core holder 90 is raised to a set value, the set value of the confining pressure of the core holder 90 is generally the formation closing pressure of the fracturing construction well section, and the set value of the confining pressure of the core holder 90 is selected to be 10 megapascals when the formation closing pressure of the fracturing construction well section is not determined. The highest displacement pressure of the flowing medium is set to be less than 1.5 megapascals of the confining pressure of the core holder 90, the flow rate of the flowing medium is 0.2 milliliter per minute, constant flow injection of the flowing medium is kept, and the constant pressure injection mode is switched after the displacement pressure of the flowing medium reaches the highest. The injection time of the flowing medium is greater than 4 hours. Determining the permeability K of the standard rock core 30 before artificial damage according to the permeability calculation formula after the pressure and the liquid flow of the flowing medium are stable 1 。
The calculation formula of the permeability K is as follows:
wherein Q is the flow rate of the flowing medium through the standard core 30 in cubic centimeters per second; mu is the viscosity of the flowing medium in Pa sec; l is the length of the standard core 30 in centimeters; ΔP is the pressure differential of the flowing medium before and after flowing through the standard core 30 in megapascals; a is the cross-sectional area in square centimeters of the flowing medium flowing through the standard core 30.
Permeability K of standard core 30 before artificial damage 1 After the measurement is completed, the confining pressure of the core holder 90 is kept unchanged, the fracturing fluid filtrate is reversely injected into the core holder 90 through the reverse pipeline 80, and the fracturing fluid filtrate is discharged from the coreAfter the holder 90 is flowed out and kept for 36 minutes, valves at two ends of the core holder 90 are closed, so that the fracturing fluid filtrate stays in the standard core 30 for 2 hours, and the standard core 30 is damaged manually.
After the artificial damage is completed, the confining pressure of the core holder 90 is kept unchanged, a flowing medium is injected into the core holder 90, and the permeability K of the standard core 30 before the artificial damage is measured 1 The flowing medium in the process of (2) is kept consistent, and the injection direction of the flowing medium is consistent with the determination of the permeability K of the standard rock core 30 before artificial damage 1 The injection direction of the flowing medium in the process is kept consistent. The highest displacement pressure of the flowing medium is set to be less than 1.5 megapascals of the confining pressure of the core holder 90, the flow rate of the flowing medium is 0.2 milliliter per minute, constant flow injection of the flowing medium is kept, and the constant pressure injection mode is switched after the displacement pressure of the flowing medium reaches the highest. The injection time of the flowing medium is greater than 4 hours. Determining the permeability K of the standard rock core 30 after artificial damage according to the permeability calculation formula after the pressure and the liquid flow of the flowing medium are stable 2 。
Calculating the permeability damage rate D of the standard core 30 according to the permeability damage rate calculation formula K 。
Permeability damage rate D K The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein K is 1 To pre-damage standard core 30 permeability, in darcy; k (K) 2 To the permeability of the standard core 30 after damage, the units are darcy.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: the standard rock core is subjected to artificial fracture making through the two fracture making structures, so that fractures generated by different causes of the oil reservoir are effectively simulated; the rapid switching of the flowing medium flowing through the standard rock core in the front-back direction in the experimental process is realized through the rapid fluid injection steering structure; the method for evaluating the fracture injury of the fracturing fluid to the tight oil and gas reservoir defines a specific experimental flow, and provides a reliable method for evaluating the fracture development fracturing fluid of the oil and gas reservoir, so that the accuracy of the fracture injury evaluation of the fracturing fluid to the tight oil and gas reservoir is improved.
It will be apparent that the embodiments described above are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and furthermore, it is to be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification are taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present application and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that embodiments of the present application described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir, comprising:
the joint making structure is used for manually making joints on the standard rock core (30);
the standard core (30) after being subjected to the joint making structure treatment is fixed in the core holder (90);
the injection fluid rapid steering structure is communicated with an inlet and an outlet of the core holder (90) so as to cause the fracturing fluid filtrate to manually damage the standard core (30) in the core holder (90) by adjusting the working state of the injection fluid rapid steering structure;
the injection fluid fast turn structure includes:
-a forward line (70) for detecting the permeability of the standard core (30);
-a reversing line (80) for manually damaging the standard core (30);
the forward pipeline (70) comprises a first forward pipeline (71), a second forward pipeline (72), a first needle valve (73) and a second needle valve (74), the first needle valve (73) is positioned on the first forward pipeline (71), the second needle valve (74) is positioned on the second forward pipeline (72), the first forward pipeline (71) is communicated with the inlet of the core holder (90), and the second forward pipeline (72) is communicated with the outlet of the core holder (90);
the reverse pipeline (80) comprises a first reverse pipeline (81), a second reverse pipeline (82), a third needle valve (83) and a fourth needle valve (84), wherein the third needle valve (83) is positioned on the first reverse pipeline (81), the fourth needle valve (84) is positioned on the second reverse pipeline (82), the first reverse pipeline (81) and the second reverse pipeline (82) are respectively communicated with the first forward pipeline (71), and the first reverse pipeline (81) and the second reverse pipeline (82) are respectively communicated with the second forward pipeline (72);
when the first needle valve (73) and the second needle valve (74) are opened and the third needle valve (83) and the fourth needle valve (84) are closed, the flow direction of the flowing medium injected into the core holder (90) is positive;
when the first needle valve (73) and the second needle valve (74) are closed and the third needle valve (83) and the fourth needle valve (84) are opened, the flow direction of the flowing medium is adjusted to be reverse.
2. The apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fractures according to claim 1, wherein said fracture-making structure comprises a tension fracture-making structure and a shear fracture-making structure.
3. The apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fractures according to claim 2, wherein said tensioned joint-making structure comprises:
-a tensioning mount (20), the tensioning mount (20) having a recess to form a core chamber (50), the standard core (30) being placed within the core chamber (50);
a tensioning sliding press block (10), wherein the tensioning sliding press block (10) is adjustably arranged on the outer side of a notch of the concave part, and a fracturing bulge is arranged on one side of the tensioning sliding press block (10) facing the core chamber (50) and/or one side of the tensioning base (20) facing the core chamber (50);
the guide post is fixed on the tensioning base (20), and the tensioning sliding press block (10) slides relative to the guide post.
4. A device for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoirs according to claim 3, characterized in that the fracturing projections have pressure tips for pressing the standard core (30).
5. The apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fractures according to claim 2, wherein said shear fracture structure comprises:
a shear base (60);
the shear sliding press block (40), at least a part of the shear sliding press block (40) stretches into the interior of the shear base (60) and forms two cylindrical hollow cavities with the shear base (60), two hollow cavities form two core chambers (50), the standard core (30) is placed in the core chamber (50), and the shear sliding press block (40) is connected with the shear base (60) in a position-adjustable mode.
6. The apparatus for evaluating fracturing fluid damage to tight hydrocarbon reservoirs of claim 1,
-the communication of the first reverse conduit (81) with the first forward conduit (71) is distant from the core holder (90) with respect to the communication of the second reverse conduit (82) with the first forward conduit (71), and-the first needle valve (73) is located between the communication of the first reverse conduit (81) with the first forward conduit (71), the communication of the second reverse conduit (82) with the first forward conduit (71); and/or
The communication position of the second reverse pipeline (82) and the second forward pipeline (72) is far away from the core holder (90) relative to the communication position of the first reverse pipeline (81) and the second forward pipeline (72), and the second needle valve (74) is positioned between the communication position of the second reverse pipeline (82) and the second forward pipeline (72) and the communication position of the first reverse pipeline (81) and the second forward pipeline (72).
7. A method of evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir, the method of evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir being performed using the apparatus for evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir of any one of claims 1 to 6, the method of evaluating fracture damage of a fracturing fluid to a tight hydrocarbon reservoir comprising:
manually making a seam on the standard rock core (30);
-fixing and saturating the standard core (30);
placing the standard rock core (30) after saturation treatment in a rock core holder (90), and injecting a flowing medium into the rock core holder (90), wherein the injection direction of the flowing medium is consistent with the flow direction of reservoir fluid;
determination of the permeability K of the Standard core (30) before Artificial damage 1 ；
Reversely injecting fracturing fluid filtrate into the core holder (90) through a reverse pipeline (80) so as to manually damage the standard core (30);
determination of the permeability K of the Standard core (30) after Artificial damage 2 ；
Calculating the permeability damage rate D of the standard core (30) K 。
8. The method of evaluating fracturing fluid to tight hydrocarbon reservoir fracture injury according to claim 7, wherein when manually making a fracture of the standard core (30), a tension fracture structure or a shear fracture structure is selected according to experimental requirements.
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