CN113390769B - Night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on luminous light remote sensing data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a night pollutant concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data, which comprises the following steps of: extracting 5 data sets of DNB radiation brightness, cloud coverage, a lunar phase angle, a satellite zenith angle and satellite transit time received by a sensor; preprocessing the data in the extracted data set; according to the transit time of the satellite, two adjacent integer time PM are taken2.5Performing linear interpolation on station observation data to obtain PM of satellite transit time2.5Concentration; PM to satellite transit time2.5Correcting the concentration by humidity; night lamplight radiation and PM received by remote sensing sensor based on radiation transmission theory2.5And (4) the relation between concentrations, namely a night surface light radiation transmission equation. The invention can monitor the night atmospheric environment, reflect the fine spatial distribution pattern of the night atmospheric pollution and provide technical support for night atmospheric environment monitoring and management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of night atmospheric environment monitoring, in particular to a night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data.
Background
PM2.5Is one of the main factors of atmospheric pollution, has important influence on atmospheric environment, causes visibility reduction, induces respiratory system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and the like, and seriously harms human health. Obtaining PM2.5The accurate spatial distribution of concentration can provide effective data support for atmospheric pollution control and treatment. Ground air quality site for monitoring PM2.5However, the number of observation sites is limited and the distribution is uneven, and it is difficult to describe PM2.5A fine spatial distribution of the concentration. The satellite remote sensing can acquire the atmospheric environment information with continuous space and wide area, and is effective supplement to the ground observation data. There have been many studies on monitoring daytime PM from the optical thickness (AOD) of an Aerosol inverted from daytime satellite remote sensing data2.5. However, PM2.5There is a significant day cycle variation characteristic, nighttime PM2.5The concentration shows different spatial distribution characteristics from the daytime according to the change of human activities and meteorological factors, and the daytime PM is estimated by remote sensing2.5The data does not accurately reflect the spatial pattern of atmospheric pollution at night.
Development of night-light remote sensing for monitoring night PM2.5The concentration provides the possibility. Particulate matter in the atmosphere can influence the radiation transmission process of night surface light in the atmosphere, and night light radiation signals received by the satellite sensor contain the influence of the atmosphere, so night PM can be calculated from night light remote sensing data2.5And (4) concentration. There have been few studies to monitor night PM based on night light data2.5The concentration aspect is explored. The main idea is to observe PM by sites2.5The concentration is a dependent variable, the night lamplight remote sensing radiation is used as a main independent variable, and the night PM is constructed by combining meteorological environment variables such as water vapor and the like by using statistical methods such as multiple linear regression, support vector machine and the like2.5Empirical model of concentration. However, existing research estimates PM from nighttime light remote sensing data2.5The concentration only considers the direct attenuation of atmosphere to the light radiation of the current pixel of the remote sensing image at night, does not consider the influence of the light radiation scattering compensation of the surrounding background pixels at night, and estimates the PM at night2.5Concentration, especially of PM in darker areas2.5Large errors can result. In addition, existing studies directly apply statistical methods to fit PM2.5The empirical relationship between the concentration and the night light remote sensing data and other variables is lack of support of a physical mechanism, and the universality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on the remote sensing data of night light, which deeply analyzes the night on the basis of the radiative transfer equationPM2.5The relationship between concentration and lamplight radiation received by the remote sensing sensor, and the night PM comprehensively considering pixel direct lamplight radiation and background scattered lamplight radiation is constructed on the basis of simplifying a radiation transmission equation2.5Compared with a remote sensing monitoring model only considering pixel direct lamplight radiation, the remote sensing monitoring model is more reasonable. The experimental result of the invention shows that the precision of the method provided by the invention is obviously improved compared with the existing method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data, which comprises the following steps:
s1, 5 data sets of DNB radiation brightness, cloud coverage, month phase angle, satellite zenith angle and satellite transit time received by the sensor are extracted from NPP/VIIRS night light image data;
s2, preprocessing the extracted data in the data set, and screening out noctilucent remote sensing data with the interference degree of moonlight and cloud coverage on earth surface light smaller than a preset interference threshold; carrying out mask processing on the selected noctilucent remote sensing data by utilizing cloud covering data, and only keeping clear sky pixel values;
s3, according to the satellite transit time, two adjacent front and back integer time PM are taken2.5Performing linear interpolation on station observation data to obtain PM of satellite transit time2.5Concentration;
s4, PM of satellite transit time2.5Correcting the concentration by humidity;
s5, analyzing night light radiation and PM received by the remote sensing sensor based on radiation transmission theory2.5The relationship between concentrations, the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation, is expressed as:
wherein τ is the vertical optical thickness measured from the upper air boundary downward; omega is the single scattering albedo; omega0Represents the initial incident direction; omega denotes single scatteringA direction of propagation; Ω' represents the propagation direction after multiple scattering; mu.s0Representing the cosine of the zenith angle of surface light emission; f0Representing the brightness of radiation scattered by the surrounding surface light sources, i.e., background scattered radiation; p represents a phase function;
represents the total variation of the radiance dI after it has propagated in a certain direction through the optical thickness d tau;
represents the direct attenuation of surface light;
represents a single scattering of surface light;
represents multiple scattering of surface light;
s6, solving the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation to obtain nighttime PM2.5The theoretical derivation model of concentration is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Irepresenting the sum of the radiation brightness of the radiation intensity at the earth surface after passing through the whole layer of atmosphere to the sensor and being attenuated, namely the night light radiation observed by the satellite;I 0 representing the radiance of the near-surface, i.e. the surface light source radiates upwards;μ 0 cosine of zenith angle;P(cosθ)is a scattering phase function, and an aerosol scattering phase functionP(cosθ)Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, asymmetric factorgTake 0.75, angle between emission beam and scattered beamθAdding 90 degrees to the zenith angle of the satellite;
s7, based on night PM2.5Theoretical derivation model of concentration for construction of night PM2.5Concentration estimation semi-empirical model:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
correcting PM for humidity2.5Concentration;μ 0 cosine of a satellite zenith angle;I 0 radiance for the surface upward;IDNB radiation values received for the satellites;P(cosθ)is a scattering phase function;F 0 brightness of background scattered radiation;a、b、cthe empirical coefficient is obtained by least square fitting;
s8, night PM to be constructed2.5Concentration estimation semi-empirical model applied to space independent variable to obtain humidity correction PM2.5Spatial distribution of concentration;
s9, correcting the humidity to form PM2.5Concentration back conversion to PM2.5Concentration of PM to obtain2.5Spatial distribution of concentration:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,f(RH)a humidity correction factor.
Optionally, in step S2, the data in the extracted data set is preprocessed:
s21, preprocessing including projection conversion, mosaic and cropping is carried out on the extracted data set;
and S22, screening out data with a monthly phase angle less than 120 degrees and low cloud cover.
Alternatively, in step S4, the following formula is used to determine the PM of the satellite transit time2.5And (3) carrying out humidity correction on the concentration:
in the formula, PM2.5(RH) PM after humidity correction2.5Concentration, PM2.5To station PM2.5Concentration, RH is ground relative humidity (%).
Optionally, in step S6, the process of solving the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation includes the following steps:
s61, according to the ground surface radiation brightness I0And the relationship between the sensor and the received radiance I, the night surface light radiation transmission equation is expressed as:
s62, setting the direct incidence of the surface light into the sensor, the zenith angle of the surface light being expressed by the zenith angle of the satellite, the azimuth angle of the surface light being approximately 0, neglecting the angle of the surface light entering the sensor after scattering, simplifying the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation of the step S61 as:
s63, taking logarithms at the same time for two sides of the simplified formula of the step S62 to obtain:
wherein the optical thickness tau is expressed as boundary layer effective height, mass extinction efficiency, PM2.5Concentration as a function of relative humidity:
in the formula, H is the effective height of the boundary layer; qmestMass extinction efficiency;
s64, ignoring boundary layer effective height and mass extinctionEfficiency, setting the single scattering reflectivity omega of the aerosol to be 0.95, obtaining the PM at night2.5The theoretical derivation model of concentration is:
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for monitoring night pollutant concentration by using NPP/VIIRS night lamplight remote sensing images, aiming at the existing night PM2.5The concentration remote sensing monitoring method only considers the direct attenuation of the atmosphere to the remote sensing pixel night lamplight radiation and does not consider the defect of a physical mechanism, and the night lamplight radiation and PM are analyzed based on the radiation transmission theory2.5Concentration relation, and night PM (particulate matter) taking the influence of pixel direct radiation and background scattered radiation on satellite receiving night light radiation into consideration is constructed on the basis2.5And (4) estimating a semi-empirical model by remote concentration sensing. The invention can effectively monitor night PM based on NPP/VIIRS night lamplight remote sensing image2.5The concentration can make up the defect that the existing method is not suitable for darker areas, is used for monitoring the night atmospheric environment, reflects the fine spatial distribution pattern of night atmospheric pollution, and provides technical support for night atmospheric environment monitoring and management.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 2 a-2 d are PM humidity correction for ground monitoring stations according to embodiments of the present invention2.5A schematic of a scatter plot of concentration versus night light radiation; wherein FIG. 2a is an industrial park site; FIG. 2b shows a Huaihe bridge site; fig. 2c shows a monitoring station site in a Huaiyin area; fig. 2d is a city monitoring station site.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention for estimating PM2.5And measured PM2.5Concentration scatter plot.
FIG. 4 shows an example of the night PM of Huaian city according to the present invention2.5And (4) a concentration space distribution diagram.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a prior art method for estimating P according to an embodiment of the present inventionM2.5And measured PM2.5Concentration scatter plot.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in the present invention are for clarity of description only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not limited by the technical contents of the essential changes.
FIG. 1 shows night PM based on remote sensing data of night light in an embodiment of the invention2.5A flow chart of a concentration monitoring method. The monitoring method comprehensively considers night PM constructed by direct lighting radiation and background scattered lighting radiation of pixels on the basis of simplifying a night lighting radiation transmission equation2.5And (3) estimating a semi-empirical method by remote concentration sensing. Referring to fig. 1, the monitoring method specifically includes the following steps:
1) remote sensing data processing
5 data sets of DNB radiant brightness, cloud coverage, a lunar phase angle, a satellite zenith angle and satellite transit time received by the sensor are extracted from NPP/VIIRS night light image data. And preprocessing the extracted data set such as projection conversion, mosaic, cropping and the like. In order to eliminate the interference of moonlight and cloud coverage on surface light, data with a moonphase angle smaller than 120 degrees and low cloud cover amount are screened out, the selected noctilucent remote sensing data is subjected to mask processing by utilizing cloud coverage data, and only clear sky pixel values are reserved.
) Ground data processing
According to the transit time of the satellite, two adjacent integer time PM are taken2.5Performing linear interpolation on station observation data to obtain PM of satellite transit time2.5And (4) concentration.
Increase in moisture absorption is PM2.5The particle diameter, spatial distribution and optical characteristics of the fine particulate matter vary significantly at different relative humidities. For reducing PM moisture absorption2.5Correlation between concentration and atmospheric optical characteristicsInfluence of system on PM2.5And (3) carrying out humidity correction:
in the formula, PM2.5(RH) PM after humidity correction2.5Concentration, PM2.5To station PM2.5Concentration, RH is ground relative humidity (%).
) Theoretical derivation based on radiative transfer equations
Night lamplight radiation and PM received by remote sensing sensor based on radiation transmission theory2.5The relationship between concentrations, the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation, can be expressed as:
wherein τ is the vertical optical thickness measured from the upper air boundary downward; omega is the single scattering albedo; omega0Represents the initial incident direction; Ω represents the single scattering propagation direction; Ω' represents the propagation direction after multiple scattering; mu.s0Representing the cosine of the zenith angle of surface light emission; f0Representing the brightness of radiation scattered by the surrounding surface light sources, i.e., background scattered radiation; p denotes a phase function. The left side of the equation represents the total change in radiance dI after it has propagated in a certain direction through the optical thickness d τ. The first term on the right of the equation represents the direct attenuation of the surface light; the second term represents a single scattering of surface light; the third term represents multiple scattering of surface light.
FIGS. 2a to 2d show humidity correction PMs for 4 typical monitoring sites in Huaian City2.5A scatter diagram between the concentration and the remote sensing night light radiation is given, and the average night light radiation I of each station is givenmeanFor analyzing night light data and station observation PM2.5The relationship between the concentrations, wherein the industrial park site and the Huaihe river bridge site are located in suburbs with very low night light brightness, and the Huaiyun monitoring station site and the city monitoring station site are located in suburbs with night light brightnessUrban areas of very high intensity. High brightness value of urban site, PM2.5Has negative correlation with remote sensing night lamplight radiation, low suburb site brightness value and PM2.5And showing positive correlation with remote sensing night lamplight radiation. The reason is that the light radiation at night of the high-brightness area is strong, the light radiation at night received by the satellite mainly comes from the pixel itself, but not the background scattered radiation of the surrounding pixels, while the light radiation at night of the low-brightness area is weak, and the light radiation at night received by the satellite has a large proportion of the background scattered radiation from the surrounding pixels. Therefore, the atmospheric PM is estimated from the night lamplight remote sensing data2.5The concentration cannot only take into account the direct radiation of the picture elements but also the influence of background scattered radiation.
According to the radiant brightness I of the earth's surface0In relation to the intensity I of the radiation received by the sensor, equation 2 can be expressed as:
in the formula, I represents the sum of the radiation brightness of the radiation intensity at the earth surface after passing through the whole layer of atmosphere and being attenuated at the sensor, namely the night light radiation observed by the satellite; i is0Representing the radiance of the near-surface, i.e. the surface light source radiates upwards; mu.s0Cosine of zenith angle; p (cos θ) is the scattering phase function.
The earth surface light directly enters the sensor, the zenith angle of the earth surface light can be represented by the zenith angle of the satellite, the azimuth angle of the earth surface light is approximately 0, and the influence of the angle of the earth surface light entering the sensor after scattering is small and can be ignored. Thus, equation 3 reduces to:
taking logarithms at two sides of formula 4 at the same time to obtain:
optical thickness τ expressed as boundary layer effective height, mass extinction efficiency, PM2.5Concentration as a function of relative humidity:
in the formula, H is the effective height of the boundary layer; qmestMass extinction efficiency.
The numerical variation of the effective height and the mass extinction efficiency of the boundary layer is small and can be ignored. According to the previous research, the single scattering reflectivity omega of the aerosol is set to be 0.95, and the formula 5 and the formula 6 are combined to obtain:
the aerosol scattering phase function P (cos θ) is calculated as:
in the formula, the asymmetry factor g is 0.75, and the included angle theta between the emission beam and the scattering beam is the satellite zenith angle plus 90 degrees.
According to the radiative transfer derivation process, night PM2.5The concentration can be expressed as a function of the night light radiance received by the satellite, the satellite zenith angle cosine, the radiance in the earth's surface, the scattered phase function and the background scattered radiance.
) Building models
At night, the upward radiation of the surface light and the background scattered radiation cannot be solved accurately, so that the PM cannot be calculated by directly utilizing a theoretical model2.5Concentration, night PM construction based on the theoretical derivation model2.5Concentration estimation semi-empirical model:
in the formula, PM2.5(RH) PM for humidity correction2.5Concentration; mu.s0Cosine of a satellite zenith angle; i is0Radiance for the surface upward; i is a DNB radiation value received by a satellite; p (cos θ) is a scattering phase function; f0Brightness of background scattered radiation; a. b and c are empirical coefficients and need to be obtained through least square fitting.
Calculating nighttime PM according to the above semi-empirical model2.5The concentration needs to obtain the cosine of the zenith angle of the satellite, the radiation brightness on the earth surface, the DNB radiation value received by the satellite, the scattering phase function and the background scattering radiation brightness autovariate value. Exporting and calculating night lamplight radiation brightness received by the satellite, cosine of a satellite zenith angle and a scattering phase function from screened cloud-free and moonless NPP/VIIRS data; the upward radiant brightness of the surface light is monitored by the cloud-free moonless PM of the monitoring area2.5The DNB radiation value at the night with the lowest concentration is approximately represented; the background scattered radiance is approximately characterized by the mean value of radiance in a certain space range in the center of the current pixel. In order to determine the optimal background pixel space range, the background pixel radiation mean value in different space ranges is respectively calculated to serve as a background radiation value, the space range corresponding to the highest precision is selected to calculate the radiation mean value to serve as background scattering radiation through the change of the 10-fold cross validation analysis model precision along with the background pixel range.
And (3) approximately representing the upward radiant brightness of the surface light for the remote sensing night light radiant value at night when the research area is cloudless and moonless and the PM2.5 observation concentration is lowest. Semi-empirical model (equation 9) derived based on radiation transport theory, correcting PM with humidity2.5Taking the night lamplight radiance of pixels corresponding to the stations, the cosine of the zenith angle of the satellite, the radiance of the earth surface upward, the scattering phase function and the background scattering radiance as independent variables, solving the values of the coefficients a, b and c through least square fitting, and constructing the night humidity correction PM2.5And (5) a concentration remote sensing estimation model. In order to determine the optimal background pixel space range, the average space independent variable values of different space ranges with the current pixel as the center are counted, and the semi-experience under different background space ranges is analyzedModel humidity correction PM2.5The variation in accuracy is estimated, the spatial range of the background pixels corresponding to the highest accuracy is determined to be the optimal spatial range, in this example the optimal spatial range is 75 × 75 pixels, and the mean value of the radiation within this range is calculated as the background scattered radiation.
）PM2.5Concentration calculation
Station PM corrected by humidity2.5The concentration is a dependent variable, the night lamplight radiance of a corresponding pixel of a station, the cosine of a satellite zenith angle, the radiance of the earth surface upward, a scattering phase function and the background scattering radiance are independent variables, nonlinear fitting is carried out to solve the values of coefficients a, b and c, and night PM is constructed2.5And (5) a concentration remote sensing monitoring model. Applying the constructed model to a space independent variable to obtain a humidity correction PM2.5The spatial distribution of the concentration.
Finally correcting the humidity to form PM2.5Concentration back conversion to PM2.5Concentration of PM to obtain2.5Spatial distribution of concentration:
wherein f (RH) is a humidity correction factor.
Model constructed based on optimal space range and used as night humidity correction PM2.5And (3) a final model for remote concentration sensing estimation, namely applying the model to spatial independent variables such as night lamplight radiance, satellite zenith angle cosine, surface upward radiance, scattering phase function, background scattering radiation and the like, and calculating to obtain humidity correction PM of the research area2.5The concentration, and then the PM is corrected according to the humidity obtained by the formula 102.5Concentration back conversion to PM2.5Concentration of PM to obtain2.5The spatial distribution of the concentration. FIG. 3 shows the application of the method of the present invention to night PM of Huaian city2.5A cross validation precision scatter diagram obtained by remote sensing monitoring is characterized in that samples are mainly distributed near a 1:1 line, and R is20.69, RMSE and MAE 36.31. mu.g/m3And 25.27. mu.g/m3And the estimation precision is higher. FIG. 4 shows the result of applying the method of the present inventionNight PM during 9-12 months in 2019 of Huaian city2.5The spatial distribution of the concentration. PM (particulate matter)2.5The concentration is mainly 60-170 mu g/m3Showing significant spatial diversity. Main urban PM2.5The concentration is usually 140. mu.g/m3The area of the high-value area is larger than that of the peripheral area. Higher PM is also reflected in urban areas of counties such as the Langlian county, the Hongze county and the Jinhuo county2.5The concentration is usually 120. mu.g/m3Above, but much smaller in area than the main urban area. Some PM except main urban and prefectural urban areas2.5The areas with higher concentration are distributed in a belt shape and mainly distributed along the road. Suburban PM2.5The concentration is generally low, generally 100 mug/m3The following.
In order to compare the method of the present invention with the existing method which does not consider the influence of background scattering and does not consider the radiation transmission mechanism, the existing method is also applied to the Huaian city to estimate the night PM2.5And (4) concentration. FIG. 5 is a cross-validation accuracy scattergram of the prior art method, and it can be seen from the scattergram that the sample distribution is more random, and more samples deviate from the 1:1 line, especially PM2.5High and low value regions. R20.48, RMSE and MAE 51.23. mu.g/m 3 and 31.67. mu.g/m, respectively3The estimation accuracy is significantly lower than the method of the present invention.
The estimation result shows that the semi-empirical model constructed based on the radiation transmission equation can estimate the night PM from the night light remote sensing data2.5The concentration reflects the fine spatial distribution of the atmospheric pollution at night, the monitoring precision is obviously superior to that of the existing method, and the method can provide technical support for monitoring and remedying the atmospheric environment at night.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, 5 data sets of DNB radiation brightness, cloud coverage, month phase angle, satellite zenith angle and satellite transit time received by the sensor are extracted from NPP/VIIRS night light image data;
s2, preprocessing the extracted data in the data set, and screening out noctilucent remote sensing data with the interference degree of moonlight and cloud coverage on earth surface light smaller than a preset interference threshold; carrying out mask processing on the selected noctilucent remote sensing data by utilizing cloud covering data, and only keeping clear sky pixel values;
s3, according to the satellite transit time, two adjacent front and back integer time PM are taken2.5Performing linear interpolation on station observation data to obtain PM of satellite transit time2.5Concentration;
s4, PM of satellite transit time2.5Correcting the concentration by humidity;
s5, analyzing night light radiation and PM received by the remote sensing sensor based on radiation transmission theory2.5The relationship between concentrations, the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation, is expressed as:
wherein τ is the vertical optical thickness measured from the upper air boundary downward; omega is the single scattering albedo; omega0Represents the initial incident direction; Ω represents the single scattering propagation direction; Ω' represents the propagation direction after multiple scattering; mu.s0Representing the cosine of the zenith angle of surface light emission; f0Representing the brightness of radiation scattered by the surrounding surface light sources, i.e., background scattered radiation; p represents a phase function;
represents the total variation of the radiance dI after it has propagated in a certain direction through the optical thickness d tau;
represents the direct attenuation of surface light;
represents a single scattering of surface light;
represents multiple scattering of surface light;
s6, solving the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation to obtain nighttime PM2.5The theoretical derivation model of concentration is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,Irepresenting the sum of the radiation brightness of the radiation intensity at the earth surface after passing through the whole layer of atmosphere to the sensor and being attenuated, namely the night light radiation observed by the satellite;I 0 representing the radiance of the near-surface, i.e. the surface light source radiates upwards;μ 0 cosine of zenith angle;P(cosθ)is a scattering phase function, and an aerosol scattering phase functionP(cosθ)Comprises the following steps:
in the formula, asymmetric factorgTake 0.75, angle between emission beam and scattered beamθAdding 90 degrees to the zenith angle of the satellite;
s7, based on night PM2.5Theoretical derivation model of concentration for construction of night PM2.5Concentration estimation semi-empirical model:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
correcting PM for humidity2.5Concentration;μ 0 cosine of a satellite zenith angle;I 0 radiance for the surface upward;IDNB radiation values received for the satellites;P(cosθ)is a scattering phase function;F 0 brightness of background scattered radiation;a、b、cthe empirical coefficient is obtained by least square fitting;
s8, night PM to be constructed2.5Concentration estimation semi-empirical model applied to space independent variable to obtain humidity correction PM2.5Spatial distribution of concentration;
s9, correcting the humidity to form PM2.5Concentration back conversion to PM2.5Concentration of PM to obtain2.5Spatial distribution of concentration:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,f(RH)a humidity correction factor.
2. The night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the data in the extracted data set is preprocessed:
s21, preprocessing including projection conversion, mosaic and cropping is carried out on the extracted data set;
and S22, screening out data with a monthly phase angle less than 120 degrees and low cloud cover.
3. The night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the following formula is adopted for PM at satellite transit time2.5And (3) carrying out humidity correction on the concentration:
in the formula, PM2.5(RH) is humidity orderPM after correction2.5Concentration, PM2.5To station PM2.5Concentration, RH is ground relative humidity (%).
4. The night PM2.5 concentration monitoring method based on night light remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the solving process of the night surface light radiation transmission equation comprises the following steps:
s61, according to the ground surface radiation brightness I0And the relationship between the sensor and the received radiance I, the night surface light radiation transmission equation is expressed as:
s62, setting the direct incidence of the surface light into the sensor, the zenith angle of the surface light being expressed by the zenith angle of the satellite, the azimuth angle of the surface light being approximately 0, neglecting the angle of the surface light entering the sensor after scattering, simplifying the nighttime surface light radiation transmission equation of the step S61 as:
s63, taking logarithms at the same time for two sides of the simplified formula of the step S62 to obtain:
wherein the optical thickness tau is expressed as boundary layer effective height, mass extinction efficiency, PM2.5Concentration as a function of relative humidity:
in the formula, H is the effective height of the boundary layer; qmestMass extinction efficiency;
s64, ignoring boundary layer effectiveThe height and mass extinction efficiency are set, the single scattering reflectivity omega of the aerosol is 0.95, and the night PM is obtained2.5The theoretical derivation model of concentration is:
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