CN113390395A - Mine restoration and treatment planning method and system based on oblique photography - Google Patents
Mine restoration and treatment planning method and system based on oblique photography Download PDFInfo
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- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
Abstract
The invention discloses a mine restoration and treatment planning method and a system based on oblique photography, which comprises the following steps: 1. collecting an inclined image of the surface mine by adopting a multi-lens unmanned aerial vehicle; 2. performing interior industry air-to-air measurement to generate a mine inclination model, a DEM and a DSM; 3. developing a finished outcut mine restoration management planning design platform according to a point group exploration slope algorithm and a terrain increment modification algorithm; 4. generating a planning and design three-dimensional landscape by adopting three-dimensional interactive design or two-dimensional design import; 5. carrying out classified statistics on the earth volume and the engineering volume of various projects or selected projects; 6. and (5) deriving a construction drawing, and calculating the total engineering cost according to the engineering cost. The invention is designed through three-dimensional realization and demonstration calculation analysis of the mine restoration treatment planning, has strong visual immersion, is designed in two dimensions and is realized in three dimensions, accurately calculates the workload and the cost of each treatment project, and has good design effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine treatment, in particular to a mine restoration treatment planning method and an algorithm system based on oblique photography.
Background
In the past, mine ecological environment monitoring is mainly carried out by satellite remote sensing data assisted by conventional means such as field manual discrimination and the like. However, in various mine environments, the geological and geomorphic features of the mine are complex, a large amount of capital and manpower are required to be invested in the traditional field means, and satellite data can be difficult to distinguish due to insufficient precision.
With the rapid development of the technology, the new means of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology is widely applied to various resource environment surveys. Compared with traditional satellite remote sensing and aerial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey can acquire spatial information such as mine resources and mine environment rapidly. At present, the application of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology in ecological environment monitoring mainly embodies in the aspects of disaster monitoring, homeland resource investigation, mine survey, ecological environment investigation and the like from the field; the application mode is characterized in that aerial survey and remote sensing images are obtained by using a digital camera or spectral equipment (such as an infrared camera, an infrared scanner, a microwave radiometer and the like), and macroscopic environment investigation or large-range monitoring index (such as land destruction type, land utilization, vegetation coverage and the like) extraction is realized through data splicing and processing.
In the last decade, there are many places at home and abroad where the unmanned aerial vehicle technology is used to investigate and monitor ecological environment and natural resources, and Nicolas leyckyj et al in the united states uses the unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude aerial survey technology to investigate natural disasters in north carolina continents, accurately evaluates the loss of houses and villages through orthographic image processing and analysis, displays the rapid reflecting capability of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology, and provides timely and accurate data for disaster management.
In 2011, zhou huai nationality and the like discuss the application prospect of the unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude aerial survey system in the Guizhou plateau areas, and the unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude aerial photograph system which takes a high-resolution digital single-lens reflex camera as an image acquisition sensor and comprehensively utilizes ground monitoring software, image processing software and a radio remote control system has very important practical significance in a plurality of fields such as ecological environment and disaster monitoring in the Guizhou plateau karst mountain areas. Influence and damage of mine development activities to a research area are analyzed on the basis of high-resolution orthographic images of the mining area acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle in 2015, Zhao Xintao and the like. The method is characterized in that a three-dimensional digital model is built in the strip mine by using a low-altitude photogrammetry technology in 2014, such as Wang sea dragon, the fine topography of the side slope of the strip mine is quickly built, the earthwork engineering quantity is calculated, and the data acquisition operation cost and the labor intensity are effectively reduced. The first survey and drawing institute of Guangxi utilizes CK-GY04 type unmanned aerial vehicle low latitude aerial survey system, has adopted the combination double camera system that has extra wide angle, has obtained the partial high resolution image of stone flow disaster area in stone quarry of Luojiang village, county Zhou, and processing analysis, three-dimensional visualization are carried out to data, provide accurate, timely, detailed information for rescue command. The Liaoning province adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out remote sensing monitoring on the current situation of governing in the Liaohe river basin, obtains aerial images and monitoring data, and can master the dynamic change situation of key areas of governing in the Liaohe river in time.
In the relevant research of applying the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology to the ecological environment, most of the research is the research in the aspects of carrying out geological disaster and ecological environment investigation, generating digital ortho-images, displaying three-dimensional terrain and the like by utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude photogrammetry technology, and the research and literature in the aspect of directly using the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology for recovering the treatment planning design are few.
Therefore, it is a problem worthy of research to provide a mine restoration management planning method and system based on oblique photography for mine restoration by using unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude photogrammetry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mine recovery management planning method and a system based on oblique photography, which utilize unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude photogrammetry to perform mine recovery.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a mine restoration governing planning method based on oblique photography comprises the following steps: step 1: collecting an inclined image of the surface mine by adopting a multi-lens unmanned aerial vehicle; 2. performing interior industry air-to-air measurement to generate a mine inclination model, a DEM and a DSM; 3. developing a finished outcut mine restoration management planning design platform according to a point group exploration slope algorithm and a terrain increment modification algorithm; 4. generating a planning and design three-dimensional landscape by adopting three-dimensional interactive design or two-dimensional design import; 5. carrying out classified statistics on the earth volume and the engineering volume of various projects or selected projects; 6. and (5) deriving a construction drawing, and calculating the total engineering cost according to the engineering cost.
The utility model provides a mine resumes administers planning system based on oblique photography, includes toolbar module and menu fence module, through toolbar module and menu fence module, accomplishes the scheme preparation of mine resumes administers planning.
The toolbar module comprises a layer management module, a view management module, a query retrieval module, a practical tool module, a model management module, a space analysis module, a treatment effect comparison module, a three-dimensional planning and designing module and a profile analysis module.
A system base map in the layer management module constructs a three-dimensional earth surface model based on remote sensing images and DEM data, and vector data and oblique photography data in different periods can be superposed; the view management module comprises a centered display module, a layer control module, a layer transparent module, an elevation setting module, a default view module and a view rotation module; a centered display module: the display of a plurality of data layers is managed, and the data layers can be zoomed in to the global view of any scene layer; the layer control module: the layer control module is used for controlling and managing the layers and adjusting the sequence of the scene layers and whether the scene layers are visible or not; the practical tool module comprises an electrodeless zooming module, a scene adjusting module, a note selecting module, a drawing tool module, a self-defined coordinate importing module, an emptying note module and a navigation tool module; the model management module comprises a model loading module, a model rotating module, a model stretching module, a model setting module, a model moving module and a model deleting module.
The three-dimensional planning and designing module comprises a slope and platform designing module, a water system designing module, a road designing module, a greening designing module, a retaining wall designing module and a leveling designing module.
The water system design module comprises a ditch design and an artificial lake pit design, wherein the ditch design adopts a slope gradual change cutting algorithm, and the artificial lake pit design adopts a method for leveling and reducing the elevation, so that the generation of a water surface with equal elevation in a design area is realized; the algorithm of the road design module adopts a gradual change flattening method, a flat area gradually changing along with the terrain is generated according to the road design width along the design line, and the texture is mapped to realize the design of a road model; the greening design module generates different types of tree seed textures and models in advance by adopting a point model method, calculates a tree position coordinate point set according to greening density and the like according to different greening types such as a linear type, a planar type and the like, and adds a selected tree seed model and a selected tree seed texture; the profile analysis module comprises a terrain profile analysis module and a model profile analysis module.
Has the positive and beneficial effects that: the invention designs three-dimensional realization and demonstration calculation analysis through the mine recovery treatment planning, has strong visual immersion, accurately calculates the workload and the cost of each treatment project through two-dimensional design and three-dimensional realization, has good design effect and saves the operation time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the system function of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
Example 1
A mine restoration governing planning method based on oblique photography comprises the following steps: step 1: 1. collecting an inclined image of the surface mine by adopting a multi-lens unmanned aerial vehicle; 2. performing interior industry air-to-air measurement to generate a mine inclination model, a DEM and a DSM; 3. developing a finished outcut mine restoration management planning design platform according to a point group exploration slope algorithm and a terrain increment modification algorithm; 4. generating a planning and design three-dimensional landscape by adopting three-dimensional interactive design or two-dimensional design import; 5. carrying out classified statistics on the earth volume and the engineering volume of various projects or selected projects; 6. and (5) deriving a construction drawing, and calculating the total engineering cost according to the engineering cost.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the mine restoration and treatment planning system based on oblique photography includes a toolbar module and a menu bar module, and a plan for mine restoration and treatment planning is made through the toolbar module and the menu bar module.
The toolbar module comprises a layer management module, a view management module, a query retrieval module, a practical tool module, a model management module, a space analysis module, a treatment effect comparison module, a three-dimensional planning and designing module and a profile analysis module.
A system base map in the layer management module constructs a three-dimensional earth surface model based on remote sensing images and DEM data, and vector data and oblique photography data in different periods can be superposed.
The view management module comprises a centered display module, a layer control module, a layer transparent module, an elevation setting module, a default view module and a view rotation module; a centered display module: the display of a plurality of data layers is managed, and the data layers can be zoomed in to the global view of any scene layer; the layer control module: the layer control module is used for controlling and managing the layers and adjusting the sequence of the scene layers and whether the scene layers are visible or not; the image layer is transparent: in order to facilitate the display of the overlapped data, the layer can be set to be transparent; elevation setting: when the elevation of DEM data loaded to a scene is not enough, the scene is not vivid enough, and the basic elevation needs to be set in an exaggerated way; default view: returning the view window to the original view; view rotation: information around the viewpoint can be clearly seen by the view rotation.
View rotation: information around the viewpoint can be clearly seen by the view rotation.
The practical tool module comprises an electrodeless zooming module, a scene adjusting module, a note selecting module, a drawing tool module, a self-defined coordinate importing module, an emptying note module and a navigation tool module; a stepless scaling module: zooming in and out continuously through mouse dragging or a mouse roller, and zooming in and out according to a given zoom multiple; a scene adjustment module: the position, the target position, the visual angle and the like of the camera can be adjusted at will to view the three-dimensional model; a note selection module: the drawn points, lines and marks can be selected, edited, moved, deleted and the like; a drawing tool module: drawing point, line and face notations on a screen; a user-defined coordinate importing module: known points can be added to the exact location of the view and the model can be placed exactly at that point, notes added, etc.; emptying the note-marking module: symbol marks can be removed singly, and all marks can also be removed; a navigation tool module: navigation of the view in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction is achieved.
The model management module comprises a model loading module, a model rotating module, a model stretching module, a model setting module, a model moving module and a model deleting module, and the model loading module is characterized in that: loading a ground object model into the scene at any specified location; rotating the model: setting the placing direction and angle of the model in the scene; stretching the model: for a certain building selected in the three-dimensional scene, carrying out lifting or lowering editing on the height of the building, and displaying the changed three-dimensional landscape in real time; setting a model: setting the attribute of the model by specifying accurate parameters; model movement: moving the model by selecting a moving mode, a position setting mode and the like through a mouse; model deletion: after any ground object model is selected from the three-dimensional scene to be confirmed and deleted, the ground object is gathered from the scene and erased, and the dismantling effect is achieved.
The space analysis comprises a model positioning module and a measurement function module, wherein the model positioning module comprises: the user may not be familiar with the scene and may spend much time looking for it if they want to browse a given model. The positioning function can facilitate a user to quickly find and position a model to be browsed; the measurement function module: including distance measurement, area measurement, and volume measurement.
Treatment effect contrast module: the treatment effect analysis of each stage is realized through the comparison and analysis of three-dimensional scenes of each stage before and after the treatment effect of the project.
A three-dimensional planning and designing module: according to the plane design or the field design vector line, a multistage slope and platform, greening, a ditch, a road, a pool and an external three-dimensional model comprehensive three-dimensional scene are generated through man-machine interaction.
The three-dimensional planning and designing module comprises a slope and platform designing module, a water system designing module, a road designing module, a greening designing module, a retaining wall designing module and a leveling designing module, and further comprises a multi-level and multi-scheme comparing module.
Side slope and platform design module: the slope and platform design is one of the core contents in the ecological environment recovery management planning design, and the system adopts a three-dimensional model triangulation algorithm and an elevation matrix cutting algorithm to realize the modification of a three-dimensional model and the terrain. The triangulation algorithm firstly generates an intersection set according to the intersection of a design line and a triangulation network, and then connects all discrete points of a modification area into a Delaunay triangle which is connected with an original triangular plate. The elevation matrix cutting algorithm is modified based on the terrain in a grid form, a current grid is generated according to the elevation of a design line, the grid range needing to be modified is calculated according to the gradient slope direction, and then all grids in the modification range are subjected to reassignment according to linear interpolation. Judging the slope direction by adopting two modes of automatic and man-machine interaction, clicking and taking points by adopting a mouse in the man-machine interaction, judging and memorizing according to vector dot products, and applying other design lines in the treatment area; the automatic mode adopts a bidirectional equidistant point group detection algorithm to judge the slope direction, judges and memorizes according to the vector dot product and is applied to other design lines in a treatment area.
The water system design module comprises a ditch design and an artificial lake pit and pond design, wherein the ditch design adopts a slope gradual change cutting algorithm, namely, the flow direction of the ditch is judged firstly, then the terrain is modified along a design line, and the height from the upstream to the downstream is ensured to be reduced gradually as much as possible; the artificial lake pit design adopts a method of leveling and reducing elevation, and realizes that a designed area generates a water surface with equal elevation;
the algorithm of the road design module adopts a gradual change flattening method, a flat area gradually changing along with the terrain is generated according to the road design width along the design line, and the texture is mapped to realize the design of a road model;
the greening design module generates different types of tree seed textures and models in advance by adopting a point model method, calculates a tree position coordinate point set according to greening density and the like according to different greening types such as a linear type, a planar type and the like, and adds a selected tree seed model and a selected tree seed texture; the profile analysis module comprises a terrain profile analysis module and a model profile analysis module.
A section analysis module: the section analysis function of the system can be divided into two types of terrain section analysis and model section analysis, wherein the terrain section analysis is to arbitrarily draw a straight line or a broken line on the ground surface and analyze the fluctuation condition of the terrain on a selected section line; for the model building, the contour line of the building on the section line can be conveniently obtained through section analysis operation. And the elevation of any target point and surrounding points on the profile line can be inquired, and the relative relation between the point and surrounding terrain can be intuitively understood. In order to realize the effect of intuitively analyzing the planning and designing engineering, the system adopts a double-section mode, namely, a section line is used for simultaneously carrying out section on the terrain and the planning and modifying model, the section line is displayed on the same coordinate system drawing, and the engineering change at each inflection point is compared.
Multi-screen multi-scheme contrast module: the planning scheme approval function is used as a main application of a planning three-dimensional aid decision-making system, and multiple sets of planning schemes are often required to be comprehensively contrasted and analyzed in ecological environment planning. Multi-screen display is a common display technology, so that a plurality of three-dimensional windows are needed to be adopted for simultaneously carrying out comparison analysis on different planning schemes by a planning three-dimensional aid decision-making system, real-time comparison among different schemes can be realized by linkage of the different planning schemes, and advantages and disadvantages of the schemes are evaluated in an intuitive mode. In the Skyline development component, because there is no related interface of multi-screen display, a multi-screen multi-scheme is a key and core for implementing the system. In most application processes of traditional multi-screen display, the screens are isolated from each other, internal real relation is lacked, the screens are also mutually independent in operation, linkage cannot be formed, and the multi-screen display function cannot be played to the maximum extent. When the system is switched from a single-screen window to a multi-window display, the data volume and the corresponding calculation volume are multiplied, and the first difficulty of the multi-screen multi-scheme is to place different planning schemes in different windows for display.
In the comparison of the planning schemes, when different contents are displayed in different windows, the contents displayed among screen windows are required to be kept synchronous and linkage all the time, and when the displayed contents of any window are operated or modified and adjusted, other contents related to the displayed contents are changed accordingly. Therefore, a bridge needs to be established to link the contents of different windows, different associated contents are selected according to different situations, and the association reflects the connection mode of the corresponding contents. By analyzing the content displayed by the multi-screen multi-scheme in the three-dimensional assistant decision-making system for city planning, the main incidence relation is the geographical position of the building, and when the multi-scheme is compared, the object corresponding to each scheme has the same geographical position information. Identifying the current operating window as a current main window, and writing information such as a real-time visual angle position of the main window into a position configuration file by a GetPosition method provided by developing an INavigaMe6 interface secondarily; and the other auxiliary windows read the position configuration file, acquire the visual angle position information of the main window in real time by applying a SetPosition method, and adjust the visual angle position according to the acquired information. When the multi-screen multi-scheme is applied for comparison, the purpose can be quickly realized, and the operation time is greatly saved.
The invention is designed through three-dimensional realization and demonstration calculation analysis of the mine restoration treatment planning, has strong visual immersion, is designed in two dimensions and is realized in three dimensions, accurately calculates the workload and the cost of each treatment project, and has good design effect.
Claims (6)
1. A mine restoration and treatment planning method based on oblique photography is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: 1. collecting an inclined image of the surface mine by adopting a multi-lens unmanned aerial vehicle; 2. performing interior industry air-to-air measurement to generate a mine inclination model, a DEM and a DSM; 3. developing a finished outcut mine restoration management planning design platform according to a point group exploration slope algorithm and a terrain increment modification algorithm; 4. generating a planning and design three-dimensional landscape by adopting three-dimensional interactive design or two-dimensional design import; 5. carrying out classified statistics on the earth volume and the engineering volume of various projects or selected projects; 6. and (5) deriving a construction drawing, and calculating the total engineering cost according to the engineering cost.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the mine restoration management planning system comprises a tool bar module and a menu bar module, and the scheme of mine restoration management planning is completed through the tool bar module and the menu bar module.
3. The oblique photography based mine restoration governance planning system of claim 2, wherein: the toolbar module comprises a layer management module, a view management module, a query retrieval module, a practical tool module, a model management module, a space analysis module, a treatment effect comparison module, a three-dimensional planning and designing module and a profile analysis module.
4. The oblique photography based mine restoration governance planning system of claim 3, wherein: a system base map in the layer management module constructs a three-dimensional earth surface model based on remote sensing images and DEM data, and vector data and oblique photography data in different periods can be superposed; the view management module comprises a centered display module, a layer control module, a layer transparent module, an elevation setting module, a default view module and a view rotation module; a centered display module: the display of a plurality of data layers is managed, and the data layers can be zoomed in to the global view of any scene layer; the layer control module: the layer control module is used for controlling and managing the layers and adjusting the sequence of the scene layers and whether the scene layers are visible or not; the practical tool module comprises an electrodeless zooming module, a scene adjusting module, a note selecting module, a drawing tool module, a self-defined coordinate importing module, an emptying note module and a navigation tool module; the model management module comprises a model loading module, a model rotating module, a model stretching module, a model setting module, a model moving module and a model deleting module.
5. The oblique photography based mine restoration governance planning system of claim 2, wherein: the three-dimensional planning and designing module comprises a slope and platform designing module, a water system designing module, a road designing module, a greening designing module, a retaining wall designing module and a leveling designing module.
6. The oblique photography based mine restoration governance planning system of claim 5, wherein: the water system design module comprises a ditch design and an artificial lake pit design, wherein the ditch design adopts a slope gradual change cutting algorithm, and the artificial lake pit design adopts a method for leveling and reducing the elevation, so that the generation of a water surface with equal elevation in a design area is realized; the algorithm of the road design module adopts a gradual change flattening method, a flat area gradually changing along with the terrain is generated according to the road design width along the design line, and the texture is mapped to realize the design of a road model; the greening design module generates different types of tree seed textures and models in advance by adopting a point model method, calculates a tree position coordinate point set according to greening density and the like according to different greening types such as a linear type, a planar type and the like, and adds a selected tree seed model and a selected tree seed texture; the profile analysis module comprises a terrain profile analysis module and a model profile analysis module.
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