CN113386030B - Precise grinding method for blade profile - Google Patents
Precise grinding method for blade profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN113386030B CN113386030B CN202110744534.5A CN202110744534A CN113386030B CN 113386030 B CN113386030 B CN 113386030B CN 202110744534 A CN202110744534 A CN 202110744534A CN 113386030 B CN113386030 B CN 113386030B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/16—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding other surfaces of particular shape
- B24B21/165—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding other surfaces of particular shape for vanes or blades of turbines, propellers, impellers, compressors and the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
- B24B21/18—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/006—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the speed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a precise grinding method for a blade profile, which comprises the steps of dividing a blade basin to be ground into two areas by taking a first damping table as a partition, dividing the blade basin to be ground into a first area and a second area respectively, dividing the blade back to be ground into two areas by taking a second damping table as a partition, dividing the blade back to be ground into a third area and a fourth area respectively, wherein the first area and the third area are positioned at one end close to a blade tenon; during grinding, the tenon of the blade is clamped and fixed through the clamp, one end of the tip of the blade is suspended, and the pressure adopted for grinding the first area and the third area is higher than the pressure adopted for grinding the second area and the fourth area. According to the invention, the grinding part is divided into different areas by taking the damping table as a partition, the area close to the blade tenon can be ground by adopting larger pressure, and the area close to one end of the blade tip is ground by adopting smaller pressure, so that the problem that the area close to one end of the blade tip is deformed due to suspension grinding can be avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining of aero-engine parts, and relates to a precise grinding method for a blade profile.
Background
In the traditional mechanical processing process of the compressor blade, the final precise polishing process is an indispensable processing process, and can effectively reduce the surface roughness, lighten the appearance of the part and eliminate the surface defects of the part. The blade belongs to a thin-wall part, is long in size and weak in rigidity, two ends of the blade are required to be fixed in general milling or grinding, and the degree of freedom is limited in an oversubscribing mode so as to prevent the influence of processing deformation on the part. However, when the part is precisely polished, the tip part of the part is cut off, the precise polishing cannot be performed in a mode of fixing two ends, one end of the blade is fixed, the part is in a cantilever state when in profile grinding, the part is influenced by rigidity, and the surface quality of the blade is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the precise grinding method for the blade profile, which can greatly reduce the influence of the rigidity of the part on the processing quality of the part and stabilize the grinding quality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the first damping table is used as a partition to divide the blade basin to be ground into two areas, namely a first area and a second area, the second damping table is used as a partition to divide the blade back to be ground into two areas, namely a third area and a fourth area, and the first area and the third area are positioned at one end close to the tenon of the blade; during grinding, the tenon of the blade is clamped and fixed through the clamp, one end of the tip of the blade is suspended, and the pressure adopted for grinding the first area and the third area is higher than the pressure adopted for grinding the second area and the fourth area.
Preferably, the grinding processing is performed on each region from outside to inside in a mode of grinding processing in a plurality of layers.
Further, the number of grinding media adopted in the grinding process is sequentially increased from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the number of grinding passes is sequentially increased.
Still further, the number of grinding passes was calculated as follows:
obtaining the minimum grinding number required by processing according to the contact area of the grinding medium and the blade, as shown in formula (2), wherein the minimum grinding number is 3-5 times when the first layer is ground, the minimum grinding number is 5-8 times when the second layer is ground,
wherein T is min For the lowest number of grinding passes, D max To process the maximum width d max Is the maximum contact width of the abrasive belt;
obtaining the maximum grinding pass number required by processing according to the maximum total removal amount and the single pass removal amount, wherein the formula (3) is as follows:
wherein T is max For maximum number of grinding passes, G max G is the maximum total removal amount min The amount was removed for a single pass.
Preferably, the grinding is performed on each region by grinding two layers.
Further, the first layer of optimal grinding parameters are shown in table 1, the second layer of optimal grinding parameters are shown in table 2, wherein a, b, c, d is an optimal matching value of the grinding parameters during the grinding of the first layer, and the values are obtained through experiments;
table 1 first layer grinding parameter table
| Sequence number | Parameters (parameters) | Minimum value | Optimum value | Maximum value | Adjustment value |
| 1 | Rotating speed (r/min) | a-150 | a | a+100 | 50 |
| 2 | Feed (mm/min) | b-800 | b | b+1300 | 100 |
| 3 | Pressure value U (mm) | c-1 | c | c+1 | 0.5 |
| 4 | Pressure value Z (mm) | d-2 | d | d+2 | 0.5 |
Table 2 second layer grinding parameter table
Preferably, the grinding direction is perpendicular to the feeding direction during the grinding process.
Preferably, during grinding, the feed speed is adjusted according to the curvature of the grinding part, and the adjustment principle is as follows: the feed speed decreases with increasing curvature, and the feed speed increases with decreasing curvature.
Preferably, the four areas are all ground by selecting 2% -98% of grinding areas in the width direction, the second area and the fourth area are ground by selecting 0% -100% + a of grinding areas in the length direction, and the extension value a is 1/3-1/2 of the contact wheel width of the grinding machine.
Preferably, the grinding process is carried out on a grinding machine, and the adopted grinding medium is nylon belt.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, the grinding part is divided into different areas by taking the damping table as a partition, the area close to the blade tenon can be ground by adopting larger pressure, and the area close to one end of the blade tip is ground by adopting smaller pressure, so that the problem that the area close to one end of the blade tip is deformed during suspension grinding can be avoided, the influence of part rigidity on the part processing quality is reduced, and the grinding quality is stabilized.
Furthermore, the invention adopts a layered grinding mode, the outer layer improves the grinding capability, removes surface defects, the inner layer weakens the grinding capability, reduces the depth of grinding marks, and avoids the defects such as waviness and the like. Thereby ensuring not only the removal allowance but also the surface quality of the blade.
Furthermore, better grinding effect can be achieved by adopting the longitudinal feed direction.
Further, using a variable speed machining mode, the feed speed is dependent on the change in curvature. The larger the curvature, the slower the feed speed, and the smaller the curvature, the larger the feed speed, and the relationship between the two is shown in formula 1. The processing mode is suitable for vane workpieces with larger curvature change, and is beneficial to improving the consistency of the overall surface quality.
Furthermore, during programming, the excessive grinding conditions of edging, collapsing, leveling and the like of the R angle are considered to be caused by excessive grinding of the R angle on the air inlet and air outlet sides, so that 2% -98% of grinding areas are selected for the four processing areas in the width direction. In addition, the grinding capability of the middle area of the contact wheel of the grinding machine is strong, the grinding capability of the two sides is weaker, and the problem that the grinding effect of some areas is poor can occur when the edge area of the blade tip is ground, so that the second area 5 and the fourth area 7 are selected from 0% -100% + a in the length direction, and the extension value a is generally 1/3-1/2 of the width of the contact wheel. The blade tip part is ensured to be fully contacted with the effective grinding position of the nylon belt, excessive grinding is not caused on the edge, and the consistency of the whole surface quality of the part is improved.
Furthermore, the traditional precision polishing adopts a manual mechanical polishing method, an operator needs to hold a part to be in contact with a felt wheel and a nylon wheel which rotate at a high speed, and the defect is that: the labor intensity of workers is high during processing, and the danger is high; the machining consistency of parts is poor due to the influence of factors such as skill level and state of operators; the noise and dust pollution of the processing environment are serious, and the long-term operation is harmful to the health of operators. The invention is carried out on a grinding machine, and a finish polishing procedure is processed by a numerical control grinding machine, so that an operator can avoid directly contacting parts and dust, the physical health of the operator is ensured, the processing potential safety hazard is reduced, and the labor intensity of the operator is reduced; and the nylon belt is used for replacing polishing tools such as a felt wheel, a nylon wheel and the like which are used conventionally, so that the processing cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are schematic views of the present invention, wherein: 1 is a contact wheel of a grinding machine; 2 is nylon belt; 3 is a first damping table; 4 is a first region; 5 is a second region; 6 is a third region; 7 is a fourth region; 8 is a second damping table.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention.
The invention provides a precise grinding method for processing a blade profile based on geometric characteristics, which is an improvement based on precise polishing of a traditional blade profile. Because the blade belongs to a thin-wall part, has longer size and weaker rigidity, the degree of freedom is limited by adopting an oversubscribing mode to fix two ends during general milling or grinding, so that the influence of processing deformation on the part is prevented. In the method, one end of a part is fixed by a clamp, the other end of the part is completely suspended, and the polishing procedure removal amount is less than 0.01mm, so that the method belongs to small-allowance precision machining, and adopts the modes of adjusting grinding areas, layered grinding, program parameters, machining parameters and the like to stabilize the grinding quality, thereby solving the problem of workpiece deformation. The grinding medium adopted by the invention is nylon belt 2, the grinding processing is carried out on a numerical control grinding machine, and the nylon belt 2 is driven by a contact wheel 1 of the grinding machine.
1. Adjusting grinding area
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, according to the position of the damping table on the blade, the position of the blade basin to be ground is divided into two parts by taking the first damping table 3 as a partition, namely a first area 4 and a second area 5, wherein the second area 5 is close to one end of the blade tip, and the first area 4 is far away from one end of the blade tip; the second damping table 8 is used for dividing the to-be-ground processing part of the blade back into two parts, namely a third area 6 and a fourth area 7, wherein the fourth area 7 is close to one end of the blade tip, and the third area 6 is far away from one end of the blade tip. That is to say the first region 4 and the third region 6 are located at the end near the blade tenon.
In order to avoid the influence of rigidity, the first region 4, the second region 5, the third region 6 and the fourth region 7 are ground with different grinding parameters. The first region 4 and the third region 6 may be subjected to a larger pressure during the grinding process, and the second region 5 and the fourth region 7 must be subjected to a smaller pressure. During precision grinding, the blade tenon is clamped and fixed through the clamp, the first area 4 and the third area 6 are close to the clamping position, the rigidity of the blade is not greatly different from that before the blade tip position is cut off, and the blade tenon is slightly adjusted according to the original grinding parameters before the blade tip position is cut off. The second area 5 and the fourth area 7 are cut off the blade tip part, the tip cannot be fixed, the blade is long and has insufficient rigidity, deformation is easy to occur when the blade tip part is processed, the problem of easy deformation of the area is solved by adjusting grinding processing parameters, and specific parameter adjustment is detailed in the step 3.
When programming, considering that excessive grinding of R angles on the air inlet and outlet edges can be caused by excessive grinding of R angles, and excessive grinding conditions such as edging, edge collapse, grinding leveling and the like are caused, the four processing areas are only required to be 2% -98% of the grinding areas in the width direction. In addition, the grinding capability of the middle area of the contact wheel of the grinding machine is strong, the grinding capability of the two sides is weaker, and the problem that the grinding effect of some areas is poor can occur when the edge area of the blade tip is ground, so that the second area 5 and the fourth area 7 are selected from 0% -100% + a in the length direction, and the extension value a is generally 1/3-1/2 of the width of the contact wheel. The blade tip part is ensured to be fully contacted with the effective grinding position of the nylon belt, excessive grinding is not caused on the edge, and the consistency of the whole surface quality of the part is improved.
2. Layered grinding
The invention relates to a precise grinding process of a blade, which ensures the capability of removing allowance and also ensures the surface quality of the blade. Therefore, the invention adopts a mode of respectively grinding two layers, and adopts the nylon belt P with smaller mesh number in the first layer 1 Grinding to remove the corrosion layer and surface scratch defect, wherein the machining allowance is smaller than 0.01mm, and more grinding passes T are needed 2 The grinding capability is improved. In the second layer, nylon belt P with larger mesh number is adopted 2 Grinding to remove the first layer of grinding trace, improving surface quality, and reducing the number of grinding passes to within 0.2 μm 1 。
The number of grinding passes was calculated as follows:
obtaining the minimum grinding number required by processing according to the contact area of the nylon belt and the blade, as shown in the formula (2), wherein the minimum grinding number is 3-5 times of that used in the first layer of grinding, and the minimum grinding number is 5-8 times of that used in the second layer of grinding
Wherein the method comprises the steps of，T min For the lowest number of grinding passes, D max To process the maximum width d max Is the maximum contact width of the abrasive belt.
Obtaining the maximum grinding number to be processed according to the nylon belt removal amount and the single-pass removal amount, and adjusting the rotation speed, the feeding and the pressure parameters to ensure that the first layer reaches the maximum total removal amount as much as possible and the second layer removal amount is 1/3 of the maximum total removal amount on the premise of meeting the grinding number.
Wherein T is max For maximum number of grinding passes, G max G is the maximum total removal amount min The amount was removed for a single pass.
The two layers of parameters can be adjusted at any time according to the states of the parts so as to meet the processing requirements of the parts in different states, and the specific adjustment parameters are shown in tables 1 and 2.
3. Adjusting grinding parameters
And the grinding parameters are adjusted to ensure that the pressure and the grinding capacity are kept in dynamic balance, and the consistency of the surface machining quality is ensured. And determining the feeding direction as the longitudinal direction according to evaluation standards such as visual quality, surface waviness, grinding defect depth, roughness, removal amount and the like of the part, namely, the grinding direction is perpendicular to the feeding direction.
The pressure is adjusted by adopting the matching of the U value and the Z value, and different pressure values are adopted for processing in the first area 4, the second area 5, the third area 6 and the fourth area 7. The pressure parameters are adjusted according to the variation of the blades, the first area 4 and the third area 6 are close to clamping positions, the rigidity is high, the deformation of the blades is small during processing, at the moment, the pressure value can be properly increased, the grinding number is reduced, and the grinding efficiency is improved; the second area 5 and the fourth area 7 are far away from the clamping position, the rigidity is weaker, the deformation of the blade is large during processing, the processing pressure value can be properly reduced at the moment, the grinding number is increased, the grinding effect is ensured, the influence caused by the deformation of the workpiece is reduced, and specific parameters are shown in tables 1 and 2.
With the variable speed processing mode, the feeding speed depends on the change of curvature, the feeding speed is slower as the curvature is larger, the feeding speed is smaller as the curvature is larger, and the relation between the feeding speed and the curvature is shown in the formula 1. The processing mode is suitable for vane workpieces with larger curvature change, and is beneficial to improving the consistency of the overall surface quality.
The feed speed is shown in formula 1:
f=r×x formula 1
F is the actual feeding speed, R is the preset feeding speed, x is the coefficient, and the range is 0.5-1.5.
Taking a certain titanium alloy fan blade as an example, the preset feeding speed is 5000mm/min, in a region with larger curvature, the x value can be reduced, and F=5000×0.5mm/min can be reached at the lowest, and in a region with smaller curvature, the x value can be increased, and F=5000×1.5mm/min can be reached at the highest. The value of x is derived from the model curvature at the time of programming, the F parameter varies slightly after each step, and the feed rate at the time of processing varies with each step.
The mesh number of the first layer of ground nylon belt is P 1 When the optimal grinding parameters are shown in table 1, the mesh number of the second layer of the ground nylon belt is P 2 When the optimum grinding parameters were obtained, the optimum grinding parameters are shown in table 2. Wherein a, b, c, d are respectively optimal matching values of grinding parameters during the grinding of the first layer.
Table 1 first layer grinding parameter table
Table 2 second layer grinding parameter table
4. Before the new nylon belt is used, passivation treatment is carried out to avoid damage to the surface of the blade caused by the harder part of the new nylon belt, and the passivation requirements are as follows: the workpiece made of the same material must be continuously ground for more than 1 minute at high pressure and high rotation speed, wherein the pressure value and the rotation speed value refer to the table 1 and the table 2.
Claims (7)
1. The blade profile precise grinding method is characterized in that a first damping table (3) is used for separating a blade basin to be ground part of a blade into two areas, namely a first area (4) and a second area (5), a second damping table (8) is used for separating a blade back to be ground part of the blade into two areas, namely a third area (6) and a fourth area (7), and the first area (4) and the third area (6) are positioned at one end close to a blade tenon; during grinding, the tenon of the blade is clamped and fixed through a clamp, one end of the tip of the blade is suspended, and the pressure adopted for grinding the first area (4) and the third area (6) is higher than the pressure adopted for grinding the second area (5) and the fourth area (7);
grinding the areas from outside to inside in a mode of grinding a plurality of layers;
the number of grinding media adopted in grinding is sequentially increased from the outer layer to the inner layer, and the number of grinding passes is sequentially increased;
during grinding, the feeding speed is adjusted according to the curvature of the grinding part, and the adjustment principle is as follows: the feed speed decreases with increasing curvature, and the feed speed increases with decreasing curvature.
2. The method for precisely grinding a blade profile according to claim 1, wherein the number of grinding passes is calculated as follows:
obtaining the minimum grinding number required by processing according to the contact area of the grinding medium and the blade, as shown in formula (2), wherein the minimum grinding number is 3-5 times when the first layer is ground, the minimum grinding number is 5-8 times when the second layer is ground,
wherein T is min For the lowest number of grinding passes, D max To process the maximum width d max Is the maximum contact width of the abrasive belt;
obtaining the maximum grinding pass number required by processing according to the maximum total removal amount and the single pass removal amount, wherein the formula (3) is as follows:
wherein T is max For maximum number of grinding passes, G max G is the maximum total removal amount min The amount was removed for a single pass.
3. The method of precisely grinding a blade profile according to claim 1, wherein the grinding is performed by grinding two layers of each region.
4. A method of precision grinding a blade profile according to claim 3, wherein the first layer of optimum grinding parameters are shown in table 1, the second layer of optimum grinding parameters are shown in table 2, and a, b, c, d is the optimum matching value of the grinding parameters during the grinding of the first layer, respectively, and the values are obtained by experiment;
table 1 first layer grinding parameter table
Table 2 second layer grinding parameter table
。
5. The method of precisely grinding a blade profile according to claim 1, wherein the grinding direction is perpendicular to the feed direction during the grinding process.
6. The precise grinding method of the blade profile according to claim 1, wherein the four areas are respectively ground by selecting 2% -98% of grinding areas in the width direction, the second area (5) and the fourth area (7) are respectively ground by selecting 0% -100% + a of grinding areas in the length direction, and the extension value a is 1/3-1/2 of the contact wheel width of the grinding machine.
7. The method of precisely grinding a blade profile according to claim 1, wherein the grinding is performed on a grinding machine using a nylon belt as the grinding medium.
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| CN109623503A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-04-16 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of engine blower blade damping bench-type face flexibility method for grinding |
| CN111230607A (en) * | 2020-03-14 | 2020-06-05 | 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 | Robot grinding and polishing method for complex profile of runner blade of water turbine |
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