CN113385202A - Environment-friendly mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113385202A CN113385202A CN202110796080.6A CN202110796080A CN113385202A CN 113385202 A CN113385202 A CN 113385202A CN 202110796080 A CN202110796080 A CN 202110796080A CN 113385202 A CN113385202 A CN 113385202A
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/135—Halogens; Compounds thereof with titanium, zirconium, hafnium, germanium, tin or lead
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
- C07C17/08—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated hydrocarbons
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Abstract
A mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene and a preparation method thereof. The mercury-free catalyst comprises an active component, a first auxiliary agent, a second auxiliary agent and a carrier, wherein the active component is a copper salt, the first auxiliary agent is a tin salt, and the second auxiliary agent is a platinum salt; the carrier is coal-based activated carbon; the active component accounts for 10-30% of the mass of the catalyst, the first auxiliary agent accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the catalyst, and the second auxiliary agent accounts for 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the catalyst. The catalyst takes the metal copper as a main active component, uses the tin and the platinum as the auxiliary agents, and has interaction among the three components, so that the activity of the catalyst can be effectively improved, the stability of the catalyst is improved, the mercury pollution is reduced, the preparation method is simple, and the industrialization is easy to realize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalysts, and particularly relates to a mercury-free catalyst used in a chloroethylene synthesis process and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (commonly known as PVC) belongs to one of five common plastics in the world. The polyvinyl chloride is the only variety covering the soft and hard application field, and the application range is very wide. Due to the unique resource structure of rich coal, poor oil and less gas, the calcium carbide method accounts for more than 80% of the total production energy in the domestic PVC production capacity, and becomes the most main domestic PVC production method.
However, the catalyst mainly used in the current process for producing PVC by the calcium carbide method is still the mercuric chloride catalyst, so that the catalyst becomes the industry with the largest mercury consumption in China and is also an important source industry of mercury pollution to the environment. Although the domestic industrial chain characteristics surrounding the calcium carbide process route are greatly promoted to develop a recycling economy development strategy, waste gas and waste slag discharged in the calcium carbide process production are comprehensively utilized, and the environmental pollution caused by the calcium carbide process production is reduced, the environmental pollution problem always restricts the development of calcium carbide process PVC production enterprises. At present, the total mercury consumption of China accounts for about half of the total amount of the world, and is one of a few countries which still extract mercury ores in the world. The united nations water guarantee convention on mercury in 2013, month 10, is officially signed in japan and the convention takes effect at 2017, month 8 and day 16. The promise of China Union of petrochemical industry, China Association of chlor-alkali industry and the like requires that the mercury convention supports the research and development of mercury-free catalysts and processes in the Vinyl Chloride (VCM) industry, and the mercury catalysts are not allowed to be used after 5 years of confirmation of economically feasible mercury-free catalysts, so that the development of novel environment-friendly mercury-free catalysts in the PVC industry is a necessary way. At present, the research of the latest mercury-free catalyst is mostly limited to the laboratory research of various scientific research institutes to obtain achievements, and the industrial application is not realized.
Therefore, a new mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride and a preparation method thereof are needed to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mercury-free catalyst used in the vinyl chloride synthesis process and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene in an environment-friendly mode comprises an active component, a first aid, a second aid and a carrier, wherein the active component is a copper salt, the first aid is a tin salt, and the second aid is a platinum salt.
Wherein the carrier is preferably coal activated carbon, the iodine value is 1357mg/g, the moisture content is 1.6%, the ash content is 1.5%, the mechanical strength is 98.6%, the bulk density is 354g/L, and the specific surface area is 1467m2G, average pore diameter of 3.7nm, and acidification and drying treatment are required before use.
Wherein, the active component accounts for 10 to 30 percent of the mass of the catalyst in percentage by mass.
Wherein, the first auxiliary agent accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the catalyst in percentage by mass.
Wherein the second auxiliary agent accounts for 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the catalyst in percentage by mass.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing the chloroethylene, which comprises the following steps:
(1) acidifying and drying the carrier: soaking the carrier in a hydrochloric acid solution, and then drying the carrier;
(2) sequentially adding the active component, the first auxiliary agent and the second auxiliary agent into water, and preparing a mixed metal salt solution in a container;
(3) loading the mixed metal salt solution on the treated carrier by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(4) and after the impregnation is finished, drying the catalyst precursor to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Wherein, in the step (1), the drying treatment of the carrier means that the carrier is filtered and dried to be in an anhydrous state.
Wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1-5.0mol/L, the soaking time is 6-18h, the drying temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the drying time is 8-24 h.
In the step (2), the active component is copper chloride, the first aid is stannous chloride, and the second aid is platinum chloride.
Wherein in the step (3), the dipping time is 8-24h, and the dipping pressure is 2.0-6.0 MPa.
And (4) transferring the catalyst precursor to a drying tower, sealing, heating and drying to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Wherein, in the step (4), the drying time is 6-18h, and the drying temperature is 105-140 ℃.
The invention also provides an application of the mercury-free catalyst or the mercury-free catalyst prepared by the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst in vinyl chloride synthesis.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the catalyst used in the vinyl chloride synthesis process takes the metal copper as a main active component, and no mercury is added in the catalyst, so that the mercury pollution is reduced, and the harm of the catalyst to the environment is obviously reduced.
2. According to the mercury-free catalyst provided by the invention, tin and platinum are used as auxiliaries, and the tin and the platinum interact with each other, so that the activity of the catalyst can be effectively improved, the stability of the catalyst is increased, and the catalyst provided by the invention has small influence on economic benefit while mercury pollution is avoided.
3. The catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages of simple preparation mode, difficult loss of active components, strong capability of resisting fluctuation of process conditions, no change of the existing device in application and easy realization of industrialization.
According to the mercury-free catalyst provided by the invention, the copper salt is used as an active component, the tin salt and the platinum salt are used as auxiliaries, and the copper salt, the tin salt and the platinum salt are synergistic, so that the influence on the catalytic activity is small on the premise that the mercury-free catalyst is realized, and the catalytic performance is not greatly reduced. Tests show that the active component still maintains more than 98 percent of the initial content after the catalyst is used for 1000 hours. Within a reasonable range, the catalytic activity and selectivity are hardly influenced by changing the conditions such as reaction temperature (100 ℃ F.), gas inlet ratio (1:1.1-1.25) and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a mercury-free catalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing 7.44g of activated carbon, soaking the activated carbon in 3.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 12 hours, then carrying out suction filtration on the activated carbon, and drying the activated carbon for 16 hours at 105 ℃;
accurately weighing the mass of three metal salts of copper chloride, stannous chloride and platinum chloride, and enabling the weight of the prepared catalyst to be as follows: sequentially adding 21.2% of copper chloride, 4.4% of stannous chloride and 0.03% of platinum chloride into water, and preparing in a container to obtain a mixed metal salt solution;
loading the metal salt solution obtained in the step 1) on the treated active carbon by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature, wherein the impregnation time is 24 hours and the impregnation pressure is 2.5 MPa;
and after the impregnation is finished, transferring the catalyst to a drying tower, sealing, heating for drying at the drying temperature of 110 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a mercury-free catalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing 7.20g of activated carbon, soaking the activated carbon in 3.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 15 hours, then carrying out suction filtration on the activated carbon, and drying the activated carbon for 24 hours at 110 ℃;
accurately weighing the mass of three metal salts of copper chloride, stannous chloride and platinum chloride, and enabling the weight of the prepared catalyst to be as follows: adding 19.1% of copper chloride, 8.8% of stannous chloride and 0.07% of platinum chloride into water in sequence, and preparing a mixed metal salt solution in a container;
loading the metal salt solution obtained in the step 1) on the treated active carbon by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature, wherein the impregnation time is 24 hours and the impregnation pressure is 3.0 MPa;
and after the impregnation is finished, transferring the catalyst to a drying tower, sealing, heating for drying at 130 ℃, and drying for 12 hours to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Comparative example 1 No platinum chloride addition
The embodiment provides a mercury-free catalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing 6.93g of activated carbon, soaking the activated carbon in 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 16 hours, then carrying out suction filtration on the activated carbon, and drying the activated carbon at 100 ℃ for 12 hours;
accurately weighing the mass of three metal salts of copper chloride, stannous chloride and platinum chloride, and enabling the weight of the prepared catalyst to be as follows: adding 25.2% of copper chloride, 5.5% of stannous chloride and 0% of platinum chloride into water in sequence, and preparing a mixed metal salt solution in a container;
loading the metal salt solution obtained in the step 1) on the treated active carbon by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature, wherein the impregnation time is 18h and the impregnation pressure is 3.5 MPa;
and after the impregnation is finished, transferring the catalyst to a drying tower, sealing, heating for drying at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Comparative example 2 No stannous chloride addition
The embodiment provides a mercury-free catalyst, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing 7.67g of activated carbon, soaking the activated carbon in 2.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 18 hours, then carrying out suction filtration on the activated carbon, and drying the activated carbon at 90 ℃ for 18 hours;
accurately weighing the mass of three metal salts of copper chloride, stannous chloride and platinum chloride, and enabling the weight of the prepared catalyst to be as follows: adding 23.3% of copper chloride, 0% of stannous chloride and 0.02% of platinum chloride into water in sequence, and preparing a mixed metal salt solution in a container;
loading the metal salt solution obtained in the step 1) on the treated active carbon by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature, wherein the impregnation time is 20 hours and the impregnation pressure is 3.0 MPa;
and after the impregnation is finished, transferring the catalyst to a drying tower, sealing and storing the catalyst in a sealed manner, heating the catalyst for drying treatment at the drying temperature of 105 ℃, and drying the catalyst for 16 hours to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
The performance of the mercury-free catalysts prepared in the above examples was evaluated by the following tests:
the performance test of the mercury-free catalyst prepared by the method is carried out by utilizing a fixed bed reactor, 5g of the catalyst is accurately weighed and placed in the reactor, the temperature is raised to 120 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere, HCl gas (the purity is more than or equal to 99%) is introduced to replace nitrogen and activate the catalyst for 4h, and then HCl gas (the purity is more than or equal to 99%) and C are introduced2H2Gas (purity is more than or equal to 99 percent), HCl/C2H2The volume ratio is 1:1.1, and the space velocity is 30L g-1·h-1The exit gas was analyzed for gas composition using gas chromatography.
The results of the catalyst performance evaluation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 evaluation results of catalyst Properties
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride comprises the following steps:
(1) acidifying and drying the carrier: soaking the carrier in a hydrochloric acid solution, and then drying the carrier;
(2) sequentially adding the active component, the first auxiliary agent and the second auxiliary agent into water, and preparing a mixed metal salt solution in a container;
(3) loading the mixed metal salt solution on the treated carrier by using an isometric impregnation method at normal temperature to obtain a catalyst precursor;
(4) after the impregnation is finished, drying the catalyst precursor to obtain a mercury-free catalyst;
the active component is copper salt, the first auxiliary agent is tin salt, the second auxiliary agent is platinum salt, and the carrier is coal-based activated carbon;
wherein, in the prepared mercury-free catalyst, the active component accounts for 10-30% of the mass of the catalyst, the first auxiliary agent accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the catalyst, and the second auxiliary agent accounts for 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the catalyst in percentage by mass.
2. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride as set forth in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carrier is dried by suction-filtering and drying the carrier to an anhydrous state.
3. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the step (1), the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 0.1-5.0mol/L, the soaking time is 6-18h, the drying temperature is 80-120 ℃, and the drying time is 8-24 h.
4. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the active component is copper chloride, the first aid is stannous chloride, and the second aid is platinum chloride.
5. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride as set forth in claim 1, wherein the impregnation time is 8-24 hours and the impregnation pressure is 2.0-6.0MPa in said step (3).
6. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for vinyl chloride synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst precursor is transferred to a drying tower, sealed and heated for drying in the step (4), thereby obtaining the mercury-free catalyst.
7. The method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for vinyl chloride synthesis as defined in claim 1, wherein the drying time is 6-18h and the drying temperature is 105-140 ℃ in step (4).
8. A mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride, which is prepared by the method for preparing a mercury-free catalyst for synthesizing vinyl chloride according to claims 1 to 7,
the mercury-free catalyst comprises an active component, a first auxiliary agent, a second auxiliary agent and a carrier, wherein the active component is a copper salt, the first auxiliary agent is a tin salt, and the second auxiliary agent is a platinum salt; the carrier is coal-based activated carbon;
wherein, the active component accounts for 10-30% of the mass of the catalyst, the first auxiliary agent accounts for 1-10% of the mass of the catalyst, and the second auxiliary agent accounts for 0.01-0.1% of the mass of the catalyst.
9. Use of a mercury-free catalyst according to claim 8 for the synthesis of vinyl chloride.
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Cited By (1)
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