CN110465279B - Mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110465279B CN110465279B CN201910772734.4A CN201910772734A CN110465279B CN 110465279 B CN110465279 B CN 110465279B CN 201910772734 A CN201910772734 A CN 201910772734A CN 110465279 B CN110465279 B CN 110465279B
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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Abstract
The invention discloses mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of activated carbon. The preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production provided by the invention has the advantages of less consumption of noble metal catalyst and low cost, and the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production prepared by the method has strong adsorption capacity on reactants and active ingredients, and is beneficial to catalyzing acetylene to convert into chloroethylene.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon, and particularly relates to mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), abbreviated as PVC in English, has high chemical stability and can resist hydrochloric acid with any concentration and sulfuric acid with the concentration of less than 90 percent at normal temperature. 50-60% of nitric acid and less than 20% of caustic soda, and PVC has good plasticity, is a universal plastic with the largest yield in the world, and is widely applied to a plurality of fields such as building materials, decorative materials, pipes, daily necessities, fibers and the like. Even in the modern society where the material industry is rapidly developing, PVC still plays an important role. Because of the influence of the limit of petroleum yield, the method for producing PVC in China is mainly a calcium carbide method. The calcium carbide method for producing PVC utilizes the hydrolysis reaction of calcium carbide to produce acetylene, after the acetylene is removed, the acetylene is reacted with hydrogen chloride and mercury-containing catalyst to produce vinyl chloride monomer, and the vinyl chloride monomer is polymerized to produce PVC.
The mercury-containing catalyst in the calcium carbide method contains about 10-12% of mercury chloride, can play a good role in catalysis, and pure mercury chloride powder is not active for synthesis of chloroethylene. However, the mercury chloride is sublimated in the production process, the sublimated mercury vapor is partially discharged into the atmosphere along with the waste, and part of the sublimated mercury vapor is condensed into wastewater to be discharged. Mercury is extremely toxic, can be used as a negative electrode in a living body, and is not easy to decompose under natural conditions. Can cause great pollution to the surrounding environment. The mercury-free catalyst is to be used to replace the traditional mercury-containing catalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: provides mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon with low cost and good catalytic effect for PVC production and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2-3 to 1.5;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying to obtain a second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 16-24h, and then drying in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
wherein the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride.
The invention also provides mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, which is prepared by the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, the activated carbon prepared from different raw materials is selected and mixed, the mechanical strength of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon is improved, the obtained mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production is high in thermal stability, and most of aluminum hydroxide loaded on the first activated carbon is converted into gamma-Al through mixing with the solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid due to subsequent heating and drying in the preparation process 2 O 3 The mercury-free catalyst carrier active carbon has a multi-pore structure, the adsorption capacity of the mercury-free catalyst carrier active carbon to active ingredients is improved, in the using process, compared with the traditional active carbon, more pore diameters with different types and sizes are provided, the adsorption capacity to reactants acetylene and HCl is obviously enhanced, the catalytic activity of the mercury-free catalyst is further improved, the acetylene conversion can be effectively catalyzed, the using amount of noble metals as catalysts is reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be given with reference to the embodiments.
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: the gap type and the pore size number of the activated carbon are improved through the selection of materials and the loading of the aluminum hydroxide, and the loading adsorption capacity of the carrier activated carbon to the catalyst and reactants is improved by combining the impregnation of an active solution.
The invention provides a preparation method of mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2-3 to 1.5;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying to obtain a second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 16-24 hours, and then drying in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
wherein the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride.
The invention also provides mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, which is prepared by the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production.
As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: according to the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, the activated carbon prepared from different raw materials is selected and mixed, the mechanical strength of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon is improved, the obtained mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production is high in thermal stability, the obtained carrier activated carbon is loaded with aluminum hydroxide stably and is not prone to pulverization, poor in strength and catalyst temperature runaway problems by mixing with the solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, and most of aluminum hydroxide loaded on the first activated carbon is converted into gamma-Al due to subsequent heating and drying in the preparation process 2 O 3 The activated carbon of the mercury-free catalyst carrier has a multi-pore structure, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon of the mercury-free catalyst carrier on active ingredients is improved, and more different active carbon is provided compared with the traditional activated carbon in the using processThe type and the size of the pore diameter obviously enhance the adsorption capacity of reactants acetylene and HCl, so that the catalytic activity of the mercury-free catalyst is improved, the acetylene conversion can be effectively catalyzed, the use amount of noble metal as the catalyst is reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon to the bamboo-based activated carbon to the coal-based activated carbon is 2.5.
Further, the temperature for drying in the step 2 is 400 ℃.
As can be seen from the above description, most of the aluminum hydroxide supported on the first activated carbon was converted into γ -Al by drying at 400 deg.C 2 O 3 The pore type of the obtained carrier activated carbon can be improved, the number of mesopores is increased, and meanwhile, moisture with certain content can be adsorbed, so that the load capacity of the activated component can be improved, and the adsorption load capacity of the reactant can be improved.
Further, the drying temperature in the step 3 is 110-130 ℃.
Further, the mass of the potassium carbonate is 1-3% of the mass of the second activated carbon, the mass of the copper chloride is 2-3% of the mass of the second activated carbon, and the mass of the palladium chloride is 0.1-0.15% of the mass of the second activated carbon.
According to the description, the active carbon prepared by selecting different raw materials is mixed with the aluminum hydroxide colloid, so that the adsorption capacity of the carrier active carbon is effectively improved, and the use of a palladium chloride (noble metal) catalyst is reduced.
Further, the mass of the aluminum hydroxide is 5-10% of that of the first activated carbon.
From the above description, it is known that excessive aluminum hydroxide affects the mechanism of activated carbon, resulting in partial pore blocking and, on the contrary, a decrease in the adsorption capacity of the load.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.5;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 2 hours, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying at 400 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 24 hours, and then drying at 120 ℃ in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride, wherein the mass of the potassium carbonate is 1% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the copper chloride is 3% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the palladium chloride is 0.12% of that of the second active carbon, and the mass of the aluminum hydroxide is 5% of that of the first active carbon.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 3.5;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 2 hours, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying for 2 hours at 400 ℃ to obtain second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 19 hours, and then drying at 110 ℃ in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride, wherein the mass of the potassium carbonate is 3% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the copper chloride is 2% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the palladium chloride is 0.15% of that of the second active carbon, and the mass of the aluminum hydroxide is 10% of that of the first active carbon.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2.2;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 1h, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying at 400 ℃ for 2h to obtain second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 16 hours, and then drying at 130 ℃ in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride, wherein the mass of the potassium carbonate is 2% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the copper chloride is 2.5% of that of the second active carbon, the mass of the palladium chloride is 0.1% of that of the second active carbon, and the mass of the aluminum hydroxide is 7% of that of the first active carbon.
Example 4:
a mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, prepared by the method of example 1.
Comparative example 1:
comparative example 1 is different from example 1 in that in comparative example 1, coal-based activated carbon is selected in step 1, dried and pulverized and then sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain first activated carbon.
Comparative example 2:
comparative example 2 is different from example 2 in that in comparative example 2, coconut shell activated carbon is selected in step 1, and the coconut shell activated carbon is dried and then crushed and sieved through a 20-mesh sieve to obtain first activated carbon.
Comparative example 3:
comparative example 3 differs from example 3 in that comparative example 3 was not treated with step 2 and was directly subjected to step 3 after drying at 400 c for 2h on the first activated carbon obtained in step 1.
Experimental example:
the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production prepared in the above-mentioned examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 was used for the hydrochlorination of acetylene to produce vinyl chloride. Acetylene space velocity of 120h -1 Reaction temperature 140 deg.C, V (HCl): V (C) 2 H 2 ) And the catalyst is operated at normal pressure for 20 hours continuously, and the average conversion rate and stability of acetylene are measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
It can be seen that the active carbon obtained from different raw materials is selected to be mixed for use, which is beneficial to improving the average conversion rate of acetylene, and the active carbon can effectively improve the average conversion rate of acetylene in the reaction process by being used together with aluminum hydroxide.
In summary, according to the preparation method of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production provided by the invention, activated carbons prepared from different raw materials are selected and mixed, so that the mechanical strength of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon is improved, the obtained mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production has strong thermal stability, and most of aluminum hydroxide loaded on the first activated carbon is converted into gamma-Al through mixing with the solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid due to subsequent heating and drying in the preparation process 2 O 3 The catalyst has the advantages that the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon has a multi-pore structure, the adsorption capacity of the mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon on active ingredients is improved, in the using process, compared with the traditional activated carbon, more different types and pore sizes are provided, the adsorption capacity on reactants of acetylene and HCl is obviously enhanced, the catalytic activity of the mercury-free catalyst is further improved, the acetylene conversion can be effectively catalyzed, the using amount of noble metals serving as catalysts is reduced, the production cost is greatly reduced, no mercury is discharged in the production process, and the catalyst is safe and environment-friendly.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or directly or indirectly applied to the related technical field are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, mixing coconut shell activated carbon, bamboo-based activated carbon and coal-based activated carbon in a mass ratio of 2-3 to 1.5;
step 2, placing the first activated carbon in a solution containing aluminum hydroxide colloid, stirring and mixing for 1-2 hours, then centrifugally dewatering, and drying to obtain second activated carbon;
step 3, placing the second activated carbon in an active solution for soaking for 16-24 hours, and then drying in a carbon dioxide atmosphere to obtain mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production;
wherein the active solution comprises potassium carbonate, copper chloride and palladium chloride; the mass of the potassium carbonate is 1-3% of that of the second activated carbon, the mass of the copper chloride is 2-3% of that of the second activated carbon, and the mass of the palladium chloride is 0.1-0.15% of that of the second activated carbon;
the drying temperature in the step 2 is 400 ℃; the drying temperature in the step 3 is 110-130 ℃;
the mass of the aluminum hydroxide is 5-10% of that of the first activated carbon.
2. The preparation method of mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the coconut shell activated carbon to the bamboo-based activated carbon to the coal-based activated carbon is 2.5.
3. A mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production, characterized in that it is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-2 for preparing a mercury-free catalyst carrier activated carbon for PVC production.
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| CN114950405A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽华塑股份有限公司 | Polyvinyl chloride mercury-free catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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