CN113384830B

CN113384830B - Tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow descending device and using method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113384830B
Application number: CN202110697060.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李传磊; 闫大林; 王庆明; 徐志强; 朱海涛; 孙吉卓; 曲琳琳; 姜新新
Original assignee: China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Construction Fifth Engineering Bureau Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-23
Filing date: 2021-06-23
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-06-23
Also published as: CN114404826B; CN113384830A; CN114344747B; CN114404826A; CN114344747A

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of slow descent of escape backpacks, in particular to a tower crane emergency escape self-rescue backpack type slow descent device and a using method thereof. According to the backpack, the slow descending and the quick locking of the backpack main body are facilitated by the use of the slow descending assembly and the locking assembly, the controllability of use is improved by inserting the push rod of the emergency stop assembly into the positioning hole, different descending speeds are provided for different users, the adjustment is convenient and quick, a good slow descending effect is improved, the backpack can be locked in time after accidents or slow descending failures occur, secondary accidents are avoided, the life safety of the users is protected, the safety and the reliability are obviously improved, and the using effect is good.

Description

Tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow descending device and using method thereof

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of slow descent of escape backpacks, in particular to a tower crane emergency escape self-rescue backpack type slow descent device and a using method thereof.

Background

The tower crane is a common hoisting device on the construction site, also called tower crane, which is used for hoisting construction raw materials such as reinforcing steel bars, wood ridges, concrete, steel pipes and the like for construction by lengthening one section by one section, the tower crane is an indispensable device on the construction site, the tip of the tower crane has the function of bearing the upper load transmitted by a boom guy rope and a balance arm guy rope and directly transmits the upper load to a tower body structure through a rotary tower, a rotary table, a bearing seat and other structural components, and the self-elevating tower top is provided with a truncated cone column type, a forward-inclined or backward-inclined truncated cone column type, a herringbone frame type and an inclined support frame type.

The emergency escape bag is a bag which needs articles in an emergency, can be carried on the back when people need to escape rapidly in case of a disaster, and can be separated from the attack of fire and smoke in a building very quickly by adopting a method of escaping from exits such as balconies, windows and the like.

Patent document of prior art publication number CN211434818U provides a novel knapsack slowly falls of fleing device, including the knapsack body, the knapsack body comprises iron inclusion, connection cloth and closed cloth, and the peripheral veneer of iron inclusion is connected with connection cloth, connects cloth one side and passes through zip fastener connection closed cloth, both sides welding locating plate in the iron inclusion, and slowly falls the ware through fixing bolt installation between the locating plate, and the rope outlet has been seted up to the top surface in the iron inclusion, and the bottom surface passes through the groove installation ya keli transparent plate in the iron inclusion. The novel descent control device of the escape backpack is convenient to use, can remind other people, and is suitable for wide popularization and use.

Although the device has more beneficial effects, the following problems still exist: the knapsack is in the use, can't provide different falling speed according to the user of difference, and the effect of slowly falling is not obvious, takes place accident or slowly fall failure back unable automatic and manual locking, influences user's life safety, and safety and protective properties are not good enough, and the result of use is not good enough.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the utility model provides a tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device and a using method thereof.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

tower crane promptly flees and saves oneself knapsack formula and slowly falls device, including the knapsack main part, knapsack main part rear end is equipped with the subassembly of tightening, knapsack main part upper end is equipped with hangs and establishes the subassembly, the inside lower extreme of knapsack main part is equipped with the capstan winch, the capstan winch right-hand member is equipped with slowly falls the subassembly, the capstan winch right-hand member is equipped with the locking subassembly, the subassembly of tightening includes the braces, the braces is bilateral symmetry structure and is equipped with two, the knapsack main part rear is longitudinal symmetry structure and has set firmly two lacing tapes, lacing tape middle part left end is equipped with the dop, lacing tape middle part right-hand member is equipped with the buckle.

Preferably, the rope is wound on the winch, the rotating shaft is sleeved at the middle part of the winch and is rotatably connected with the backpack main body, the clamping head is matched with the clamping buckle in a clamping manner, the top surface of the backpack main body is provided with a through hole, and the front side of the upper end of the backpack main body is provided with a zipper.

Preferably, hang and establish the subassembly and establish the ring including hanging, hang and establish ring lower extreme middle part and be equipped with the bull stick, the bull stick right-hand member is equipped with the snap ring, hang and establish ring right side lower extreme and be bilateral symmetry structure and set firmly two fixed blocks, the fixed block lower extreme outside has the knob through screw hole threaded connection, the knob passes through screw hole and snap ring upper end threaded connection, hangs and establishes ring right-hand member bottom surface and snap ring top surface frictional contact, the rope passes the through-hole and is connected fixedly with the snap ring.

Preferably, the slow descending assembly comprises a notched disc, a grooved pulley is in friction contact with the rear end of the notched disc, a fixed rod is fixedly arranged at the left end of the notched disc, a cylindrical pin is fixedly arranged on the right wall of the upper end of the fixed rod, a radial groove is formed in the grooved pulley in an annular array structure, a sleeve A is fixedly arranged at the right end of the middle of the grooved pulley, a round rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the grooved pulley and the sleeve A, a sleeve B is slidably connected to the right end of the round rod, and two sliding rods are fixedly arranged on the sleeve B in a vertically symmetrical structure.

Preferably, cylindric lock and radial groove sliding connection, breach disc and grooved pulley's interior concave part sliding connection, sleeve pipe A right side wall and sleeve pipe B left side wall all are equipped with the tooth, sleeve pipe A right-hand member closely pressfitting through tooth and sleeve pipe B left end, the round bar right-hand member rotates with the knapsack main part to be connected, the slide bar right-hand member passes the knapsack main part inner wall and extends to the outer wall and rather than sliding connection, the slide bar right wall that is located the upper end has set firmly the montant, the montant lower extreme is fixed with the slide bar connection that is located the lower extreme, there is the adjusting handle in the montant middle part through screw hole threaded connection, the adjusting handle rotates with the knapsack main part to be connected.

Preferably, the locking subassembly includes the ratchet ring, and ratchet ring left wall is fixed with the inside right wall connection of knapsack main part, and the inside circle piece that is equipped with of ratchet ring, circle piece front surface upper end have set firmly the cylinder, and the swivelling joint has the pawl on the cylinder, and pawl lower extreme right side has set firmly spring A, and spring A right-hand member passes through the connecting block to be connected with the circle piece fixedly, and ratchet ring rotates with the pivot to be connected, and the cylinder is connected fixedly with the pivot, pawl and ratchet ring joint cooperation.

Preferably, still include the scram subassembly, the scram subassembly is located knapsack main part right side lower extreme, and the scram subassembly includes the scram dish, and scram dish right wall is the annular array structure and has seted up a plurality of locating holes, and scram dish right end is equipped with the locating lever, and the locating lever middle part is rotated and is connected with the free bearing, and the free bearing is fixed with knapsack main part right wall connection, and locating lever front end right wall has set firmly spring B, and spring B is fixed with knapsack main part right wall connection.

Preferably, the positioning rod is matched with the positioning hole in an inserting mode, and the rotating shaft penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body, extends to the outer wall and is fixedly connected with the emergency stop disc.

Preferably, the left end of the rotating shaft penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body, extends to the outer wall and is coaxially connected with a rocker, and the outer wall of the left end of the rocker is provided with anti-skidding threads.

The use method of the tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device comprises the following steps:

installation: firstly, carrying the backpack main body on the shoulder through the straps, then clamping the clamping head with the buckle, tightly attaching the backpack main body to the body of a user, and finishing the tightening installation of the backpack main body;

connecting: the knob is rotated to be separated from the clamp ring, the hanging ring is hung on a fixed object, the clamp ring is pushed to rotate along the rotating rod to be in friction contact with the hanging ring, then the knob is rotated again along the fixed block to be in threaded connection with the clamp ring, and the hanging ring and the clamp ring are tightly pressed and connected through the fixed block and the knob;

slowly descending: the capstan winch is rotated by stretching the rope, the rotating shaft and the notch disc are driven to rotate synchronously, the cylindrical pin slides along the radial groove to push the grooved pulley, the sleeve A and the fixed rod are rotated synchronously, the vertical rod pushes the sliding rod to slide the sleeve B along the round rod by rotating the adjusting hand wheel, the sleeve B is pressed against the sleeve A, friction force is increased through teeth, the rotating speed of the grooved pulley is reduced by the sleeve A, the notch disc and the rotating shaft are decelerated through the fixed rod and the cylindrical pin, and the rotating speed of the capstan winch is reduced to play a slow descending role.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

1. the utility model backs a backpack main body on the shoulder through a strap, then clamps a chuck with a buckle, tightly attaches the backpack main body to the body of a user, completes the tight installation of the backpack main body, rotates a knob to separate from a snap ring, hangs the hanging ring on a fixed object, pushes the snap ring to rotate along a rotating rod to be in friction contact with the hanging ring, then rotates the knob again to rotate along a fixed block, leads the knob to be in threaded connection with the snap ring, tightly presses the hanging ring and the snap ring through the fixed block and the knob to complete the connection, rotates an adjusting hand wheel to lead a vertical rod to push a sliding rod to slide a sleeve B along a round rod, leads the sleeve B to press the sleeve A, increases the friction force through teeth, leads the sleeve A to reduce the rotating speed of a grooved pulley, reduces the rotating speed of a notched disc and a rotating shaft through a fixed rod and a cylindrical pin to play a slow-down role, leads the rotating shaft to lead the centrifugal force of the round block to lead a pawl to rotate along a cylinder, at the moment, the spring A is compressed, and the pawl is clamped and matched with the ratchet ring to lock. The backpack is used, different descending speeds can not be provided according to different users, the slow descending effect is not obvious, automatic and manual locking can not be achieved after accidents occur or slow descending failure occurs, the life safety of users is influenced, safety and protection performance are not good enough, the problem of poor using effect is solved, different descending speeds are provided for different users, the backpack is convenient and fast to adjust, a good slow descending effect is improved, locking can be achieved timely after accidents occur or slow descending failure occurs, secondary accidents are avoided, the life safety of the users is protected, safety and reliability are remarkably improved, and the using effect is good.

2. The hanging ring and the snap ring are connected and fixed through the knob in the using process, so that the hanging ring and the snap ring are convenient and quick to mount and dismount, have higher stability, are not easy to loosen due to the shaking of a rope, and obviously improve the safety and the stability.

3. According to the locking assembly and the emergency stop assembly, when slipping occurs, locking can be performed in time, safety accidents are effectively prevented, slipping can be stopped conveniently and timely through the push rod, flexibility is high, controllability of slipping is improved, the structure is simple, and operation is convenient.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention and protect some embodiments, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

figure 2 is a rear elevational view of the lacing assembly configuration of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the buckle structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hanging assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the backpack body construction of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the capstan of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a descent control assembly according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a structural cross-sectional view of a sleeve A of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the latch assembly of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the emergency stop assembly of the present invention.

The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a backpack body; 2. a tightening assembly; 201. a harness; 202. a tightening strap; 203. clamping a head; 204. buckling; 3. hanging the assembly; 301. hanging a ring; 302. a rotating rod; 303. a snap ring; 304. a fixed block; 305. a knob; 4. a winch; 5. a slow descent component; 501. a notched disc; 502. a grooved wheel; 503. fixing the rod; 504. a cylindrical pin; 505. a radial slot; 506. a sleeve A; 507. a round bar; 508. a sleeve B; 509. a slide bar; 5010. a vertical rod; 5011. adjusting a hand wheel; 6. a locking assembly; 601. a ratchet ring; 602. a round block; 603. a cylinder; 604. a pawl; 605. a spring A; 606. connecting blocks; 7. a through hole; 8. a zipper; 9. a rope; 10. a rotating shaft; 11. a scram component; 1101. a scram disk; 1102. positioning holes; 1103. positioning a rod; 1104. hinging seat; 1105. a spring B; 12. a rocker.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1-6, tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow descending device, including knapsack main body 1, knapsack main body 1 rear end is equipped with tightens subassembly 2, knapsack main body 1 upper end is equipped with hangs and establishes subassembly 3, the inside lower extreme of knapsack main body 1 is equipped with

capstan winch

4, 4 right-hand members of capstan winch are equipped with slowly falls

subassembly

5, 4 right-hand members of capstan winch are equipped with locking subassembly 6, tighten subassembly 2 and include braces 201, braces 201 is bilateral symmetry structure and is equipped with two, knapsack main body 1 rear is the longitudinal symmetry structure and has set firmly two tightening straps 202, tightening strap 202 middle part left end is equipped with dop 203, tightening strap 202 middle part right-hand member is equipped with buckle 204.

Rope 9 is rolled up on capstan winch 4, and pivot 10 has been cup jointed at capstan winch 4 middle part, and pivot 10 rotates with knapsack main part 1 to be connected, and dop 203 and buckle 204 joint cooperation, through-hole 7 has been seted up to 1 top surface of knapsack main part, and 1 upper end front side of knapsack main part is equipped with zip fastener 8.

Hang and establish subassembly 3 including hanging and establish ring 301, hang and establish ring 301 lower extreme middle part and be equipped with bull stick 302, bull stick 302 right-hand member is equipped with snap ring 303, hang and establish ring 301 right side lower extreme and be bilateral symmetry structure and set firmly two fixed blocks 304, there is knob 305 fixed block 304 lower extreme outside through screw hole threaded connection, knob 305 is through screw hole and snap ring 303 upper end threaded connection, hang and establish ring 301 right-hand member bottom surface and snap ring 303 top surface frictional contact, rope 9 passes through-hole 7 and is connected fixedly with snap ring 303.

The utility model relates to a working principle of a tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow descending device, namely a using method comprises the following steps: firstly, the backpack body 1 is carried on the shoulder through the straps 201, then the clamping head 203 is clamped with the buckle 204, the backpack body 1 is tightly attached to the body of a user, the tightening installation of the backpack body 1 is completed, the rotary knob 305 is separated from the snap ring 303, the hanging ring 301 is hung on a fixed object, after the snap ring 303 is pushed to rotate along the rotating rod 302 and is in friction contact with the hanging ring 301, the rotary knob 305 is rotated again along the fixed block 304, the rotary knob 305 is in threaded connection with the snap ring 303, and the hanging ring 301 and the snap ring 303 are tightly pressed and connected through the fixed block 304 and the rotary knob 305.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, on the basis of embodiment 1, the descent control assembly 5 includes a notched disc 501, a grooved pulley 502 is in frictional contact with the rear end of the notched disc 501, a fixed rod 503 is fixedly disposed at the left end of the notched disc 501, a cylindrical pin 504 is fixedly disposed on the right wall of the upper end of the fixed rod 503, a radial groove 505 is disposed on the grooved pulley 502 in an annular array structure, a sleeve a506 is fixedly disposed at the right end of the middle portion of the grooved pulley 502, a round rod 507 is fixedly disposed at the middle portions of the grooved pulley 502 and the sleeve a506, a sleeve B508 is slidably connected to the right end of the round rod 507, and two sliding rods 509 are fixedly disposed on the sleeve B508 in a vertically symmetrical structure.

The cylindrical pin 504 is in sliding connection with the radial groove 505, the notched disc 501 is in sliding connection with the concave part of the grooved wheel 502, the right wall of the sleeve A506 and the left wall of the sleeve B508 are both provided with teeth, the right end of the sleeve A506 is tightly pressed with the left end of the sleeve B508 through the teeth, the right end of the round rod 507 is rotatably connected with the backpack body 1, the right end of the sliding rod 509 penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body 1 to extend to the outer wall and is in sliding connection with the outer wall, the right wall of the sliding rod 509 at the upper end is fixedly provided with a vertical rod 5010, the lower end of the vertical rod 5010 is fixedly connected with the sliding rod 509 at the lower end, the middle part of the vertical rod 5010 is in threaded connection with an adjusting hand wheel 5011 through a threaded hole, and the adjusting hand wheel 5011 is rotatably connected with the backpack body 1.

When the winch is used, the winch 4 is rotated through the stretching of the rope 9, the rotating shaft 10 and the notched disc 501 are driven to rotate synchronously, the cylindrical pin 504 slides along the radial groove 505 to push the grooved wheel 502, the sleeve A506 and the fixing rod 503 to rotate synchronously, the adjusting hand wheel 5011 is rotated to enable the vertical rod 5010 to push the sliding rod 509 to slide the sleeve B508 along the circular rod 507, the sleeve B508 is pressed against the sleeve A506, the friction force is increased through the teeth, the rotating speed of the grooved wheel 502 is reduced through the sleeve A506, the notched disc 501 and the rotating shaft 10 are decelerated through the fixing rod 503 and the cylindrical pin 504, and the rotating speed of the winch 4 is reduced to play a slow descending role.

Example 3

As shown in fig. 9 and 10, based on embodiment 2, the locking assembly 6 includes a ratchet ring 601, a left wall of the ratchet ring 601 is fixedly connected to a right wall inside the backpack body 1, a round block 602 is disposed inside the ratchet ring 601, a cylinder 603 is fixedly disposed at an upper end of a front surface of the round block 602, a pawl 604 is rotatably connected to the cylinder 603, a spring a605 is fixedly disposed at a right side of a lower end of the pawl 604, a right end of the spring a605 is fixedly connected to the round block 602 through a connecting block 606, the ratchet ring 601 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 10, the cylinder 603 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 10, and the pawl 604 is in clamping fit with the ratchet ring 601.

Still include scram subassembly 11, scram subassembly 11 is located 1 right lower extreme of knapsack main part, scram subassembly 11 includes scram dish 1101, scram dish 1101 right wall is the annular array structure and has seted up a plurality of locating holes 1102, scram dish 1101 right-hand member is equipped with locating lever 1103, locating lever 1103 middle part is rotated and is connected with free bearing 1104,

free bearing

1104 and 1 right wall connection of knapsack main part are fixed, locating lever 1103 front end right wall sets firmly spring B1105, spring B1105 is fixed with 1 right wall connection of knapsack main part.

The positioning rod 1103 is inserted into the positioning hole 1102, and the rotating shaft 10 passes through the inner wall of the backpack body 1 to extend to the outer wall and is connected and fixed with the emergency stop plate 1101.

The left end of the rotating shaft 10 penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body 1 to extend to the outer wall and is coaxially connected with a rocker 12, and the outer wall of the left end of the rocker 12 is provided with anti-skid grains.

When the device is used, the winch 4 is rotated through the rope 9, the rotating shaft 10 drives the round block 602 to synchronously rotate, when the winch 4 rotates slowly, the pawl 604 is not contacted with the ratchet ring 601 through the tension of the spring A605, when a user slides down during use, the winch 4 rotates quickly and drives the round block 602 to rotate quickly through the rotating shaft 10, the centrifugal force of the round block 602 enables the pawl 604 to rotate along the column 603, the spring A605 is compressed, the pawl 604 is clamped and matched with the ratchet ring 601 to be locked, the risk of sliding and falling of the user is effectively prevented, if the locking is not timely or the locking is stopped halfway, the positioning rod 1103 is pushed rightwards to rotate along the hinge base 1104, the spring B1105 is compressed, the positioning rod 1103 is inserted into one of the positioning holes 1102 on the emergency stop falling, the positioning rod 1103 is released through the restoring force of the spring B1105, and the positioning rod 1103 is separated from the positioning hole 1102 to be continuously used for escaping and descending, after the backpack is used, the rotatable rocker 12 drives the rotating shaft 10 and the winch 4 to rotate, so that the rope 9 is wound, and the backpack body 1 is convenient to reuse.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the utility model disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the utility model to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the utility model and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the utility model. The utility model is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. Tower crane promptly flees and saves oneself knapsack formula and slowly falls device, its characterized in that: the backpack comprises a backpack main body (1), wherein a tightening component (2) is arranged at the rear end of the backpack main body (1), a hanging component (3) is arranged at the upper end of the backpack main body (1), two winches (4) are arranged at the lower end inside the backpack main body (1), a slow descending component (5) is arranged at the right end of each winch (4), a locking component (6) is arranged at the right end of each winch (4), each tightening component (2) comprises straps (201), the two straps (201) are arranged in a left-right symmetrical structure, two tightening belts (202) are fixedly arranged at the rear of the backpack main body (1) in a vertically symmetrical structure, a clamping head (203) is arranged at the left end of the middle part of each tightening belt (202), and a buckle (204) is arranged at the right end of the middle part of each tightening belt (202);

a rope (9) is wound on the winch (4), a rotating shaft (10) is sleeved in the middle of the winch (4), the rotating shaft (10) is rotatably connected with the backpack main body (1), the clamping head (203) is clamped and matched with the buckle (204), a through hole (7) is formed in the top surface of the backpack main body (1), and a zipper (8) is arranged on the front side of the upper end of the backpack main body (1);

the hanging component (3) comprises a hanging ring (301), a rotating rod (302) is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the hanging ring (301), a clamping ring (303) is arranged at the right end of the rotating rod (302), two fixed blocks (304) are fixedly arranged at the lower end of the right side of the hanging ring (301) in a bilateral symmetry structure, a knob (305) is connected to the outer side of the lower end of each fixed block (304) through a threaded hole in a threaded manner, the knob (305) is connected with the upper end of the clamping ring (303) through a threaded hole in a threaded manner, the bottom surface of the right end of the hanging ring (301) is in frictional contact with the top surface of the clamping ring (303), and the rope (9) penetrates through a through hole (7) and is fixedly connected with the clamping ring (303);

the slow descending assembly (5) comprises a notched disc (501), a grooved pulley (502) is in frictional contact with the rear end of the notched disc (501), a fixed rod (503) is fixedly arranged at the left end of the notched disc (501), a cylindrical pin (504) is fixedly arranged on the right wall of the upper end of the fixed rod (503), a radial groove (505) is formed in the grooved pulley (502) in an annular array structure, a sleeve A (506) is fixedly arranged at the right end of the middle of the grooved pulley (502), a round rod (507) is fixedly arranged at the middles of the grooved pulley (502) and the sleeve A (506), a sleeve B (508) is connected to the right end of the round rod (507) in a sliding mode, and two sliding rods (509) are fixedly arranged on the sleeve B (508) in an up-down symmetrical structure;

the cylindrical pin (504) is in sliding connection with the radial groove (505), the notched disc (501) is in sliding connection with the inner concave part of the grooved pulley (502), the right wall of the sleeve A (506) and the left wall of the sleeve B (508) are respectively provided with teeth, the right end of the sleeve A (506) is tightly pressed with the left end of the sleeve B (508) through the teeth, the right end of the round rod (507) is rotatably connected with the backpack main body (1), the right end of the sliding rod (509) penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack main body (1) to extend to the outer wall and is in sliding connection with the backpack main body, the right wall of the sliding rod (509) at the upper end is fixedly provided with a vertical rod (5010), the lower end of the vertical rod (5010) is fixedly connected with the sliding rod (509) at the lower end, the middle part of the vertical rod (5010) is in threaded connection with an adjusting hand wheel (5011) through a threaded hole, and the adjusting hand wheel (5011) is rotatably connected with the backpack main body (1);

the winch (4) is rotated by stretching the rope (9), and the rotating shaft (10) and the notch disc (501) are driven to synchronously rotate.

2. The tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device according to claim 1, characterized in that: locking subassembly (6) include ratchet ring (601), ratchet ring (601) left wall is connected fixedly with the inside right wall of knapsack main part (1), inside circle piece (602) that is equipped with of ratchet ring (601), circle piece (602) front surface upper end has set firmly cylinder (603), it is connected with pawl (604) to rotate on cylinder (603), pawl (604) lower extreme right side has set firmly spring A (605), spring A (605) right-hand member is connected fixedly through connecting block (606) and circle piece (602), ratchet ring (601) rotates with pivot (10) to be connected, cylinder (603) are connected fixedly with pivot (10), pawl (604) and ratchet ring (601) joint cooperation.

3. The tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device according to claim 2, characterized in that: still include scram subassembly (11), scram subassembly (11) are located knapsack main part (1) right side lower extreme, scram subassembly (11) are including scram dish (1101), scram dish (1101) right side wall is a plurality of locating holes (1102) of annular array structure, scram dish (1101) right-hand member is equipped with locating lever (1103), locating lever (1103) middle part is rotated and is connected with free bearing (1104), free bearing (1104) are fixed with knapsack main part (1) right wall connection, locating lever (1103) front end right wall has set firmly spring B (1105), spring B (1105) are fixed with knapsack main part (1) right wall connection.

4. The tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the positioning rod (1103) is in inserting fit with the positioning hole (1102), and the rotating shaft (10) penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body (1) to extend to the outer wall and is fixedly connected with the emergency stop disc (1101).

5. The tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device according to claim 4, characterized in that: the left end of the rotating shaft (10) penetrates through the inner wall of the backpack body (1) to extend to the outer wall and is coaxially connected with a rocker (12), and anti-skidding grains are arranged on the outer wall of the left end of the rocker (12).

6. The use method of the tower crane emergency escape self-rescue knapsack type slow-descending device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps:

installation: firstly, the backpack main body (1) is carried on the shoulder through the straps (201), then the clamping head (203) is clamped with the buckle (204), the backpack main body (1) is tightly attached to the body of a user, and the tightening installation of the backpack main body (1) is completed;

connecting: the rotary knob (305) is separated from the snap ring (303), the hanging ring (301) is hung on a fixed object, the snap ring (303) is pushed to rotate along the rotating rod (302) to be in frictional contact with the hanging ring (301), then the rotary knob (305) is rotated again along the fixed block (304), the rotary knob (305) is in threaded connection with the snap ring (303), and the hanging ring (301) and the snap ring (303) are tightly pressed through the fixed block (304) and the rotary knob (305) to complete connection;

slowly descending: the winch (4) is rotated by stretching a rope (9), the rotating shaft (10) and the notched disc (501) are driven to rotate synchronously, the cylindrical pin (504) slides along the radial groove (505) to push the grooved pulley (502), the sleeve A (506) and the fixing rod (503) to rotate synchronously, the vertical rod (5010) pushes the sliding rod (509) to slide the sleeve B (508) along the round rod (507) by rotating the adjusting hand wheel (5011), the sleeve B (508) is pressed against the sleeve A (506), friction is increased through teeth, the rotating speed of the grooved pulley (502) is reduced by the sleeve A (506), the notched disc (501) and the rotating shaft (10) are decelerated through the fixing rod (503) and the cylindrical pin (504), and the rotating speed of the winch (4) is reduced to play a slow descending role.