CN113382529A - Superconducting ion annular synchrotron - Google Patents
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- CN113382529A CN113382529A CN202110637311.9A CN202110637311A CN113382529A CN 113382529 A CN113382529 A CN 113382529A CN 202110637311 A CN202110637311 A CN 202110637311A CN 113382529 A CN113382529 A CN 113382529A
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons
- H05H13/04—Synchrotrons
Abstract
The invention relates to a superconducting ion annular synchrotron, comprising 4 deflection units, 4 focusing units, 1 set of single-ring injection system and 1 set of slow extraction system; the 4 deflection units are arranged in central symmetry and form a quadrangle, and the deflection units are connected through an annular vacuum pipeline to form 4 sections of linear sections; 4 focusing units are respectively arranged on 4 sections of straight line sections; the single-turn infusion system comprises: an injection cutter disposed on the first linear segment; an injection impact magnet disposed at a position where the injection beam intersects the second linear segment; the slow extraction system comprises: the transverse excitation element is arranged on any section of the linear joint; the leading-out electrostatic cutter and the leading-out cutting magnet are both arranged on the third linear joint, and the leading-out cutting magnet is positioned at the downstream of the leading-out electrostatic cutter; and the cutting magnet is led out and arranged on the fourth straight line. The invention can greatly reduce the size of the traditional medical synchrotron, and simultaneously provides ion beam with high flow intensity and good uniformity for the terminal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circular synchrotron, in particular to a superconducting ion circular synchrotron, wherein a magnetic focusing system is of an FODO structure and adopts a single-loop injection and three-order resonance extraction mode.
Background
The sharp bragg peak characteristics of ions in the depth direction and the on-line energy density and relative biological advantages make the ions become one of the most advanced and effective tumor treatment means. The energy of the emergent particle beams can be flexibly changed by using the synchrotron in ion treatment, so that the range of the particle beams in a patient body can be adjusted, beam manipulation can be performed by reasonably adjusting the magnetic field intensity of the magnet element, the in-ring particle beams can be slowly and uniformly led out by utilizing three-order resonance, however, the synchrotron has various component devices, large floor area and higher investment and operation cost, and the ion treatment with excellent treatment effect is difficult to popularize.
Fig. 5 shows an example of a conventional medical synchrotron, which includes: 8 normal temperature dipolar magnets (e1) for deflecting beam current; 12 quadrupole 4 magnets (e2) for making the beam size not divergent and stably making periodic motion in the accelerator; a cutting magnet (e3) for deflecting the implant beam; 4 injection convex rail magnets (e4) for matching with multi-circle stripping injection; the device comprises an electrostatic cutter (e5), a cutting magnet (e7) and 3 extraction convex rail magnets (e6) which are used for deflecting beam current reaching preset energy and further extracting the beam current from the synchrotron.
In the injection process of the accelerator, an injection beam enters the synchronous annular accelerator by deflecting a cutting magnet (e3), the C5+ injection beam is stripped into C6+ through a stripping film, the deflection radius of the C6+ injection beam in a dipolar iron is changed, so that the beam is injected into the acceptance of a ring, a local convex rail is generated in an injection stage of the injection convex rail, the acceptance of the ring is close to the stripping film, the stripped injection beam is received, the amplitude of the convex rail is continuously reduced during injection, and the frequency of the circulating beam passing through the stripping film is reduced so as to ensure the beam quality.
In the extraction process of the accelerator, firstly, the convex rail magnet (e6) is extracted to form a local convex rail, the beam current in the ring is close to an electrostatic cutter (e5) positioned outside the pipe of the synchrotron ring, meanwhile, the six-pole iron carries out three-order resonance, so that the beam current forms a stable lead-out boundary rail, the particles move outwards along the boundary rail and enter an electrostatic cutter (e5), these particles are separated by a small distance from the beam still circulating in the accelerator inside the loop by the deflection force horizontally outward of the electrostatic cutter (e5), and the separation distance is continuously enlarged along with the advancing of the beam, namely the led beam is more and more far away from the center of the accelerator pipeline, when the extracted beam is separated from the circulating beam by a sufficient distance after passing through a dipolar iron, the extracted beam enters an extracted cutting magnet (e7) and is further horizontally deflected towards the outer side of the ring to complete extraction of the beam, and the separated transverse distance is used for installing a cutting magnet polar plate.
However, the accelerator adopts a conventional dipolar magnet (e1), the highest field strength which can be reached is about 1.6T, and dipolar iron and quadrupole iron are independently installed, so the circumference of a synchronous ring is longer; further, since the number of four-pole magnets and the number of convex-track magnets used are large, there is a limit to miniaturization of the synchrotron. In addition, the extracted beam continuously advances to the outer side of the ring after being deflected by the extracted electrostatic cutter (e5), and is extracted by the cutting magnet after passing through the dipolar iron, so that the aperture of the passed dipolar iron is larger than that of other dipolar irons, the manufacturing cost is increased, and the uniform manufacturing of the accelerator magnet is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a superconducting ion ring synchrotron with a simpler structure, better performance and a more compact layout.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a superconducting ion annular synchrotron comprises 4 deflection units, 4 focusing units, 1 set of single-ring injection system and 1 set of slow extraction system; the 4 deflection units are arranged in a central symmetry manner and form a quadrangle, and the deflection units are connected through an annular vacuum pipeline to form 4 sections of linear sections; the 4 focusing units are respectively arranged on the 4 sections of the straight line sections and used for restraining the beam envelope; the single-turn injection system comprises: the injection cutter is arranged on the first linear section and used for deflecting the injection beam at a larger angle to enable the injection beam to approach the annular synchrotron; the injection impact magnet is arranged at the position where the injection beam intersects with the second linear joint, and is configured to give a certain kick action to the beam when the injection beam enters the annular synchrotron, so that the included angle between the injection beam and the circulating beam track is 0, and the injection beam falls to the center of the acceptance of the annular synchrotron; the slow extraction system comprises: the transverse excitation element is arranged on any section of the straight line section and used for generating a transverse radio frequency electric field so as to gradually increase the beam emittance; the leading-out electrostatic cutter and the leading-out cutting magnet are arranged on the third linear joint, the leading-out cutting magnet is positioned at the downstream of the leading-out electrostatic cutter, the leading-out electrostatic cutter is used for deflecting a leading-out beam entering the leading-out electrostatic cutter by a certain angle so as to enable the leading-out beam to be separated from the circulating beam by a certain distance when entering the leading-out cutting magnet, and the leading-out cutting magnet is used for continuously deflecting the leading-out beam; and the extraction cutting magnet is arranged on the fourth linear section and used for deflecting the extraction beam to the outside of the annular synchrotron.
The toroidal synchrotron of superconducting ions preferably further comprises a high-frequency cavity, wherein the high-frequency cavity is also arranged on any section of the linear joint, and the high-frequency cavity is configured to accelerate or decelerate the beam.
The superconducting ion circular synchrotron is preferably provided with a first hexapole magnet for correcting horizontal chromatics at the downstream of the first deflection unit and the third deflection unit, and a hexapole magnetic field for correcting vertical chromatics is combined on the first deflection unit and the third deflection unit.
The superconducting ion circular synchrotron is preferably provided with a second hexapole magnet for driving the beam to perform third-order resonance at the downstream of the second deflection unit and the fourth deflection unit.
In the toroidal synchrotron, it is preferable that the deflection units each employ a solenoidal diode magnet having a deflection angle of 90 °, and a defocusing quadrupole magnetic field is combined thereon.
Preferably, the 4 focusing units of the superconducting ion circular synchrotron are all horizontal focusing magnets.
The superconducting ion circular synchrotron is preferably characterized in that the injection cutter is an electrostatic cutter or a magnetic cutter.
The superconducting ion circular synchrotron preferably has a horizontal operating point selected near 5/3 to separate chromaticity correction of the hexapole magnet and the combined hexapole magnetic field at the deflection unit and deflection unit from the resonant drive function of the hexapole magnet.
Preferably, the extraction cutting magnet is a vertically-extracted lambertion type cutting magnet.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the invention reduces the number of magnets in the annular synchrotron as much as possible, shortens the required length of the dipolar iron by utilizing the high field intensity of the superconducting magnet, simplifies the structure, optimizes the size of the injection and extraction element, greatly reduces the occupied space and the weight of the ion therapy synchrotron, realizes the miniaturization of the synchrotron, reduces the aperture of the dipolar iron in the accelerator by the unique design of extraction, unifies the aperture of the dipolar iron, is convenient for processing and manufacturing, and further reduces the construction cost. The invention can greatly reduce the size of the traditional medical synchrotron, and simultaneously provides ion beam with high flow intensity and good uniformity for the terminal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a superconducting ion ring synchrotron according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the outgoing beam and the circulating beam in the horizontal direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the trajectories of the outgoing beam and the circulating beam in the vertical direction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an implant beam trajectory;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a circular synchrotron in the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used to define elements only for convenience in distinguishing between the elements, and unless otherwise stated have no special meaning and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The synchrotron of the invention adopts 4 repeated magnetic focusing units, and each magnetic focusing unit is an FODO structure consisting of a defocusing magnetic field and a focusing magnetic field.
As shown in fig. 1, the toroidal synchrotron of superconducting ions provided by this embodiment includes 4 deflecting units 1-1 to 1-4, 4 focusing units 2, 1 set of single-loop injection system, and 1 set of slow extraction system. The deflection units 1-4 are arranged in a central symmetry mode and form a quadrangle, and the deflection units are connected through annular vacuum pipelines to form 4 sections of linear sections. The 4 focusing units 2 are respectively arranged on each section of straight line section and used for restraining the beam envelope. The single-turn infusion system comprises: an implantation cutter 3 disposed on the first linear segment for deflecting the implantation beam at a large angle to approach the circular synchrotron; and the injection impact magnet 4 is arranged at the position where the injection beam and the second linear joint intersect, and the injection impact magnet 4 is configured to give a certain kick action to the beam when the injection beam enters the annular synchrotron, so that the included angle between the injection beam and the circular beam track is 0, and the injection beam falls to the center of the acceptance of the annular synchrotron. The slow extraction system comprises: the transverse excitation element 9 is arranged on any section of the straight line section and used for generating a transverse radio frequency electric field so as to gradually increase the beam emittance; the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5 and the leading-out cutting magnet 6 are both arranged on the third linear joint, the leading-out cutting magnet 6 is positioned at the downstream of the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5, the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5 is used for deflecting a leading-out beam entering the leading-out electrostatic cutter by a certain angle so as to enable the leading-out beam to be separated from the circulating beam by a certain distance when entering the leading-out cutting magnet 6, and the leading-out cutting magnet 6 is used for continuously deflecting the leading-out beam; and the extraction cutting magnet 7 is arranged on the fourth linear joint and is used for deflecting the extraction beam to the outside of the annular synchrotron.
In the foregoing embodiment, preferably, the toroidal synchrotron of superconducting ions provided in this embodiment further includes a high-frequency cavity 8, where the high-frequency cavity 8 may also be disposed on any section of a straight line, and the high-frequency cavity 8 is configured to accelerate or decelerate a beam, specifically: the beam current in the annular synchrotron is captured to form a beam cluster through high-frequency heat insulation, the periodic motion of the beam cluster and the periodic change of an accelerating electric field can be kept strictly synchronous by adjusting the frequency of the high-frequency cavity 8 and the rising speed of a magnetic field, and the beam cluster can keep constant track continuous acceleration or deceleration.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that a hexapole magnet 11 for correcting horizontal chromaticity is provided downstream of the deflection unit 1-1 and the deflection unit 1-3, and a hexapole magnetic field for correcting vertical chromaticity is combined on the deflection unit 1-1 and the deflection unit 1-3 to make chromaticity negative, thereby ensuring lateral stability of beam current, and adjusting horizontal chromaticity to satisfy the Hardt condition at the time of extraction to reduce beam current loss at the time of extraction.
In the above embodiment, it is preferable that a hexapole magnet 10 for driving the beam to perform third-order resonance is disposed downstream of the deflection units 1-2 and 1-4, so that a stable triangle is formed in the phase space by using the third-order resonance caused by the hexapole magnet 10, the particles entering the boundary of the stable triangle will rapidly increase in amplitude along the extension line of the boundary, and when the amplitude increases to a certain extent, the particles enter the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 to be extracted, and the transverse excitation element 9 generates a transverse high-frequency electric field so that the beam emittance originally smaller than the stable triangle is continuously increased to continuously and stably extract the beam.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the deflection units 1-1 to 1-4 all use oblique solenoid type diode magnets with a deflection angle of 90 °, and a defocusing quadrupole magnetic field is combined thereon, specifically: the solenoid type diode magnet has the characteristics of high magnet field intensity, capability of easily combining various magnetic fields and the like, and can generate a two-pole magnetic field by using two layers of coils, and can generate a defocusing quadrupole magnetic field by sleeving two layers of coils outside the two layers of coils.
In the above embodiment, preferably, the 4 focusing units 2 are all horizontal focusing magnets.
In the above embodiment, preferably, since the injection beam has a larger angle with the circulating beam track of the circular synchrotron before flowing through the transportation line into the injection cutter 3, the injection cutter 3 can adopt an electrostatic cutter, which not only can reduce the strength and size of the injection impact magnet 4, but also can make the injection beam enter the circular synchrotron with a smaller angle after being deflected by the electrostatic cutter (the injection beam trajectory is shown in fig. 4), and the single-turn injection uses less equipment, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the accelerator. Of course, the injection cutter 3 may also be a magnetic cutter.
It should be noted that in the slow extraction system, the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 and the extraction cutting magnet 6 are indispensable components, and the beam is deflected by the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 and separated from the circulating beam at the entrance of the extraction cutting magnet 6 by a certain distance gap, which is used for mounting the pole plate of the extraction cutting magnet 6, and theoretically, the size of the distance depends on the thickness of the pole plate and determines the deflection angle of the extraction electrostatic cutter 5:
in the formula, θ is a kick rail angle of the electrostatic cutter 5; beta is aESIs a horizontal envelope function at the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5; beta is aMSIs a horizontal envelope function at the position of leading out the cutting magnet 6; mu.sMS-μESIn order to extract the phase shift between the cutting magnet 6 and the electrostatic cutter 5.
In order to separate the chromaticity correction of the hexapole magnetic field combined with the hexapole magnet 11 and the deflection units 1-1 and 1-3 from the resonance drive function of the hexapole magnet 10, the horizontal operating point (the operating point is the transverse oscillation frequency of the circular synchrotron) of the circular synchrotron is selected to be about 5/3, and the circular synchrotron is composed of 4 identical magnetic focusing units, so that the phase shift between two adjacent linear sections is close to 150 °, if the leading electrostatic cutter 5 and the leading cutting magnet 6 are respectively placed on the two adjacent linear sections, the phase shift between the two adjacent linear sections is also about 150 °, and the deflection angle of the electrostatic cutter needs to be increased to achieve a predetermined separation distance, that is, the electric field intensity needs to be increased. However, the high electric field strength easily causes electric field breakdown, thereby being unfavorable for the stable operation of the equipment; to obtain the necessary deflection angle, the electrostatic cutter needs to be lengthened, which hinders miniaturization of the circular synchrotron. Therefore, in order to reduce the effective voltage and length of the electrostatic cutter, the extraction cutting magnet 6 is shorter and is arranged on the same straight line segment of the extraction electrostatic cutter 5, the phase shift between the extraction cutting magnet and the straight line segment is close to 90 degrees, the requirement on the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 is favorably relieved, and the extraction cutting magnet 6 adopts a vertically-extracted Lambertson type cutting magnet, the thickness of a polar plate of which is very thin, so that the deflection angle of the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 can be further reduced. In addition, because the vertical extraction is adopted, the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 and the extraction cutting magnet 6 can be flexibly and selectively placed on the inner side or the outer side of the pipeline of the annular synchrotron, and the advantage of placing the high-voltage equipment of the extraction electrostatic cutter 5 on the inner side of the synchrotron is that the high-voltage equipment can also be placed in the inner space of the synchrotron, so the invention considers that the high-voltage equipment and the high-voltage equipment are placed on the inner side of the pipeline of the synchrotron. Meanwhile, the extraction cutting magnet 7 is placed at the downstream linear section of the extraction cutting magnet 6, is positioned outside the pipeline of the annular synchrotron, and is shifted by about 90 degrees from the extraction cutting magnet 6, so that the strength and the length of the extraction cutting magnet 6 can be reduced. Therefore, the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5 deflects the entering particles to the inner side of the ring, separates the particles from the circulating beam for a short distance, enters the leading-out cutting magnet 6, deflects the leading-out beam upwards, then leads the beam to pass through the deflection units 1-4 and the focusing unit 2, and gradually separates the leading-out beam from the circulating beam in the vertical direction, and then leads the leading-out beam out continuously by using the leading-out cutting magnet 7, and the circulating beam is transmitted downstream continuously. Because the leading-out cutting magnet 6 and the leading-out electrostatic cutter 5 are in the same straight line section, and the leading-out cutting magnet 6 vertically deflects the beam current (as shown in fig. 2), the horizontal position of the leading-out beam is not larger than that of the circulating beam when the leading-out beam passes through the deflection units 1-4, the vertical size of the beam cluster which is not led out in the ring is originally smaller than the horizontal size (as shown in fig. 3) in the vertical direction, the vertical position of the leading-out beam is also smaller than the horizontal position when the leading-out beam passes through the deflection units 1-4, and the characteristic that the inclined solenoid type diode magnet is circular in aperture is considered, so that the deflection units 1-4 through which the leading-out beam passes do not need to be separately made into large-aperture magnets. Therefore, the design scheme reduces the aperture of the dipolar magnet and unifies the magnet style.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A superconducting ion annular synchrotron is characterized by comprising 4 deflection units (1-4), 4 focusing units (2), 1 set of single-ring injection system and 1 set of slow extraction system;
the deflection units (1-4) are arranged in a central symmetry manner to form a quadrangle, and the deflection units are connected through an annular vacuum pipeline to form 4 sections of linear sections;
the 4 focusing units (2) are respectively arranged on the 4 sections of the straight line sections and used for constraining the beam envelope;
the single-turn injection system comprises:
an implantation cutter (3) disposed on the first linear segment for deflecting the implantation beam at a large angle so as to approach the circular synchrotron;
an injection impact magnet (4) arranged at the position where the injection beam intersects with the second linear section, wherein the injection impact magnet (4) is configured to give a certain kick effect to the beam when the injection beam enters the annular synchrotron, so that the included angle between the injection beam and the circular beam track is 0, and the injection beam falls to the center of the acceptance of the annular synchrotron;
the slow extraction system comprises:
the transverse excitation element (9) is arranged on any section of the straight line section and is used for generating a transverse radio frequency electric field so as to gradually increase the beam emittance;
the leading-out electrostatic cutter (5) and the leading-out cutting magnet (6) are arranged on the third linear joint, the leading-out cutting magnet (6) is positioned at the downstream of the leading-out electrostatic cutter (5), the leading-out electrostatic cutter (5) is used for deflecting a leading-out beam entering the leading-out electrostatic cutter at a certain angle so as to enable the leading-out beam to be separated from the circulating beam at a certain distance when entering the leading-out cutting magnet (6), and the leading-out cutting magnet (6) is used for continuously deflecting the leading-out beam;
and the extraction cutting magnet (7) is arranged on the fourth linear joint and is used for deflecting the extraction beam out of the annular synchrotron.
2. A toroidal synchrotron of claim 1, further comprising a high frequency cavity (8), said high frequency cavity (8) also being disposed on any of said segments, said high frequency cavity (8) being configured to accelerate or decelerate a beam.
3. The toroidal synchrotron of claim 1, wherein a first hexapole magnet (11) for correcting horizontal chromaticity is provided downstream of the first deflection unit (1-1) and the third deflection unit (1-3), while a hexapole magnetic field for correcting vertical chromaticity is combined on the first deflection unit (1-1) and the third deflection unit (1-3).
4. A toroidal synchrotron according to claim 3, characterised in that downstream of the second (1-2) and fourth (1-4) deflection units there is provided a second hexapole magnetic field (10) for driving the beam into third order resonance.
5. The toroidal synchrotron of claim 1, wherein said deflection units (1-1 to 1-4) each employ a solenoidal diode magnet having a deflection angle of 90 ° and a defocused quadrupole magnetic field combined therewith.
6. A superconducting ionic ring synchrotron according to claim 1, characterized in that 4 said focusing units (2) are all horizontal focusing magnets.
7. The toroidal synchrotron of claim 1, wherein said implantation cutter (3) is an electrostatic cutter or a magnetic cutter.
8. The toroidal synchrotron of claim 4, wherein said toroidal synchrotron's horizontal operating point is chosen near 5/3 to separate the chromaticity correction of said hexapole magnet (11) and the combined hexapole magnetic field on said deflection units (1-1) and (1-3) from the resonant drive function of said hexapole magnet (10).
9. The toroidal synchrotron of claim 1, wherein said extraction cutter magnet (6) is a lambertion type cutter magnet extracted vertically.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115003004A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-02 | 国科离子医疗科技有限公司 | Miniaturized ion synchrotron |
| CN115499995A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Compact multi-ion synchrotron |
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