CN113381183B - Anti-sufficient Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton - Google Patents
Anti-sufficient Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-podded Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polaritons, and relates to the field of microwave antennas. The scheme is provided aiming at the problem of insufficient gain of the anti-foot antenna in the prior art, and is characterized in that a plurality of bottom layer metal through holes which are distributed linearly are arranged on the bottom layer anti-foot, a plurality of top layer metal through holes which are distributed linearly are arranged on the top layer anti-foot, and the top layer anti-foot and the bottom layer anti-foot are of a symmetrical structure; the top layer antenna plate is provided with a plurality of grooves extending towards the middle part at two side edges of the feeding part respectively so as to form an SPP structure. The method has the advantages of improving the gain and antenna matching without changing the size of the original inverted-foot Vivaldi antenna, having the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, low cost and the like, and providing a new idea for enhancing the gain of end-fire antennas such as the Vivaldi antenna and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave antenna, in particular to an anti-podded Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton.
Background
The millimeter wave antenna is an important module in a 5G communication radio frequency chip, is widely applied to automobile radars, precise guidance, satellite communication and the like, and further enters the field of civil communication in the future. In recent years, China invests huge resources to develop the scientific frontier research of radio astronomy and the development of large radio astronomical telescopes. The sky speed of the radio telescope is in direct proportion to the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna of the phased array feed source. The Vivaldi antenna is used as an ultra-wideband antenna, has the advantages of miniaturization, high gain, easiness in processing and the like, and is widely used as an ultra-wideband antenna array element to design an ultra-wideband phased array antenna. For example, westerberg synthetic aperture telescope in the netherlands uses Vivaldi antennas as phased array antenna elements. With the continuous enhancement of comprehensive national strength and the rapid promotion of technological level, the technical scheme of adopting the ultra-wideband Vivaldi antenna as an antenna array element is oriented to the development requirements and engineering application of radio astronomical telescopes in China, and is necessary for researching a high-gain miniaturized Vivaldi antenna from the research of solving the technical theory and the key technology of a radio telescope phase array feed source of a major scientific instrument in China around the key technical indexes of a superconducting receiver for radio astronomical use. The Vivaldi antenna can be easily printed on a PCB (printed Circuit Board) and has a simple structure, so that the Vivaldi antenna can be applied to radio astronomical telescopes and is also designed and used in a large number of related research fields such as ultra-wideband systems, 5G base station antennas and the like.
The applicant has designed a high gain antipodal Vivaldi antenna, patent application No. 2021101050277. The design has the space for technical progress and the improved antenna effect, and the structure is shown in figure 1 and comprises a bottom layer antenna plate arranged on the lower side of a medium substrate and a top layer antenna plate arranged on the upper side of the medium substrate. The feeding parts of the bottom layer antenna plate and the top layer antenna plate are overlapped and loaded with corresponding feeding structures. The upper end of the bottom antenna plate extends upwards and deflects to one side to form a bottom reverse foot, and the upper end of the top antenna plate extends upwards and deflects to the other side to form a top reverse foot. The bottom radiation edge of the bottom layer reverse foot close to the top layer reverse foot is a linear edge, the top radiation edge of the top layer reverse foot close to the bottom layer reverse foot is a linear edge, and the top radiation edge and the bottom radiation edge are of a symmetrical structure. The arc edge of the bottom layer radiation edge far away from the bottom layer radiation edge is provided with a plurality of bottom layer metal through holes, and the arc edge of the bottom layer radiation edge far away from the top layer radiation edge is provided with a plurality of top layer metal through holes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an antipodal Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polaritons so as to further optimize the antipodal Vivaldi antenna in the prior art.
The invention relates to an artificial surface plasmon-based antipodal Vivaldi antenna, which comprises a bottom layer antenna plate arranged on the lower side surface of a dielectric substrate and a top layer antenna plate arranged on the upper side surface of the dielectric substrate; the feeding parts of the bottom layer antenna board and the top layer antenna board are overlapped and loaded with corresponding feeding structures; the upper end of the bottom antenna plate extends upwards and deflects to one side to form a bottom-layer back foot, and the upper end of the top antenna plate extends upwards and deflects to the other side to form a top-layer back foot; the bottom radiation edge of the bottom layer reverse foot close to the top layer reverse foot is a linear edge, and the top radiation edge of the top layer reverse foot close to the bottom layer reverse foot is a linear edge;
the bottom layer reverse foot is provided with a plurality of bottom layer metal through holes which are distributed in a straight line, the top layer reverse foot is provided with a plurality of top layer metal through holes which are distributed in a straight line, and the top layer reverse foot and the bottom layer reverse foot are of a symmetrical structure;
the top layer antenna plate is provided with a plurality of grooves extending towards the middle part at two side edges of the feeding part respectively so as to form an SPP structure.
The SPP structure comprises a first step section, a transition section and a second step section which are connected in sequence; the depth of the groove in the first step section is increased progressively towards the transition section, the depth of the groove in the second step section is also increased progressively towards the transition section, and the depth of each groove in the transition section is the same and is not less than the deepest groove depth in the first step section and the second step section.
The depth of the grooves in the first step section and the second step section is linearly increased.
The side edges of the bottom layer reverse feet, which are far away from the bottom layer radiating edge, are arc-shaped, the side edges of the top layer reverse feet, which are far away from the top layer radiating edge, are arc-shaped with the same shape, and the arc-shaped lengths are y 2;
the middle part of the overlapped bottom antenna plate and the top antenna plate forms a projection intersection point;
the distances from the free ends of the bottom layer radiation edge and the top layer radiation edge to the projection intersection point are both y 1;
the width of the feeding part of the top antenna board is A1; the width of the feeding part of the bottom layer antenna board is A2; the distance between the free ends of the bottom layer radiating edge and the top layer radiating edge is A3; the distance from the connecting line of the free ends of the bottom layer radiation edge and the top layer radiation edge to the projection intersection point is A4;
the arc length y2 satisfies the formula
The distance y1 satisfies the formula y1＝2X-7；
Wherein k2 is a transition factor and satisfies
A linear length formula of an antenna assembly applied by the reverse-sufficient Vivaldi antenna; a2 is a design parameter.
Width A1 of 1.8mm, width A2 of 14mm, distance A3 of 9mm, and distance A4 of 15 mm; the height B1 of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna is 29 mm; the depth of the groove is hd, hd takes a value of 0.7mm in the transition section, and the depth is gradually changed in the first step section and the second step section; the depth change of the adjacent grooves is dt, dt is 0 in the transition section, and 0.1mm is taken in both the first step section and the second step section; the widths of all the grooves are ha, and the values are 0.3 mm; a2 takes the value 0.8 mm.
The number of the bottom layer metal through holes and the number of the top layer metal through holes are 5.
The anti-podded Vivaldi antenna based on the artificial surface plasmon polariton has the advantages that the gain and antenna matching can be improved without changing the size of the original anti-podded Vivaldi antenna, the anti-podded Vivaldi antenna has the advantages of being simple in structure, easy to process, low in cost and the like, and a new thought is provided for enhancing the gain of end-fire antennas such as Vivaldi antennas.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a transpodal Vivaldi antenna in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the bottom antenna board of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic top surface structure diagram of the top antenna board of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the top surface structure of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic bottom structure diagram of the bottom antenna board of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the top antenna board according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the inverted-footed Vivaldi antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an SPP structure in the top antenna plate according to the present invention;
fig. 9 is a partially enlarged schematic view at K in fig. 8.
FIG. 10 is a comparison of a simulation S11 of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention and a prior art antipodal antenna;
fig. 11 is a graph comparing the simulated gain of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention and the antipodal antenna of the prior art.
FIG. 12 is a comparison of the radiation directions of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention and the antipodal antenna of the prior art at 35 GHz;
FIG. 13 is a comparison of the radiation directions of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention and the antipodal antenna of the prior art at 40 GHz;
FIG. 14 is a comparison of the radiation direction of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention compared to the radiation direction of the antipodal antenna of the prior art at 45 GHz.
Reference numerals: 10-a bottom layer antenna board, 11-a bottom layer reverse foot, 12-a bottom layer radiation edge and 13-a bottom layer metal through hole; 20-top antenna plate, 21-top reverse foot, 22-top radiation edge, 23-top metal via hole, 24-SPP structure, 25-groove, 26-first step section, 27-transition section and 28-second step section.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2 to 9, the artificial surface plasmon based antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention includes a bottom antenna plate 10 disposed on the lower side of a dielectric substrate and a top antenna plate 20 disposed on the upper side of the dielectric substrate. The feeding portions of the bottom antenna panel 10 and the top antenna panel 20 overlap and load the corresponding feeding structures. The upper end of the bottom antenna plate 10 extends upward and is biased to one side to form a bottom counter-foot 11, and the upper end of the top antenna plate 20 extends upward and is biased to the other side to form a top counter-foot 21. The bottom radiating edge 12 of the bottom reflexive foot 11 adjacent the top reflexive foot 21 is a linear edge and the top radiating edge 22 of the top reflexive foot 21 adjacent the bottom reflexive foot 11 is a linear edge.
Since it is common knowledge that a dielectric substrate is disposed between the bottom antenna board 10 and the top antenna board 20, the dielectric substrate is not shown in each structural diagram for clarity of illustration, but it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the dielectric substrate is disposed between the bottom antenna board 10 and the top antenna board 20 and has a size according to specific requirements of the antenna. And it is also clear to those skilled in the art that SPP is an abbreviation of Surface Plasmon Polariton, english.
The bottom layer reverse foot 11 is provided with a plurality of bottom layer metal through holes 13 which are distributed in a straight line, the top layer reverse foot 21 is provided with a plurality of top layer metal through holes 23 which are distributed in a straight line, and the top layer reverse foot 21 and the bottom layer reverse foot 11 are of a symmetrical structure.
The top antenna board 20 is provided with 5 grooves 25 extending toward the middle at both sides of the feeding portion, respectively, to form an SPP structure 24.
The SPP structure 24 includes a first step section 26, a transition section 27 and a second step section 28 connected in series. The depth of the grooves 25 in the first step 26 increases linearly towards the transition section 27, the depth of the grooves 25 in the second step 28 also increases linearly towards the transition section 27, and the depth of each groove 25 in the transition section 27 is the same and not less than the depth of the deepest groove 25 in the first step 26 and the second step 28. Forming a gradient change with shallow ends and deep middle.
The side of the bottom anti-foot 11 away from the bottom radiating edge 12 is curved and the side of the top anti-foot 21 away from the top radiating edge 22 is similarly curved, each having a length y 2.
The bottom antenna plate 10 and the top antenna plate 20 are overlapped to form a projection intersection point.
The free ends of the bottom layer radiating edge 12 and the top layer radiating edge 22 are both y1 from the projection intersection.
The top antenna board 20 has a feeding portion width a 1. The feeding portion width of the bottom antenna board 10 is a 2. The free ends of the bottom radiating edge 12 and the top radiating edge 22 are a distance a 3. The free end of the bottom radiation edge 12 and the top radiation edge 22 is connected to the projection intersection point by a distance A4.
The arc length y2 satisfies the formula
The distance y1 satisfies the formula y1＝2X-7。
Wherein k2 is a transition factor and satisfies
A linear length formula of an antenna assembly applied by the reverse-sufficient Vivaldi antenna; a2 is a design parameter.
Width a1 was 1.8mm, width a2 was 14mm, distance A3 was 9mm, and distance a4 was 15 mm. The height B1 of the inverted-foot Vivaldi antenna is 29 mm. The depth of the recess 25 is hd, which in the transition section 27 takes the value 0.7mm, successively tapering in the first step section 26 and the second step section 28. The depth of the adjacent grooves 25 varies dt, which is 0 in the transition section 27 and 0.1mm in both the first step section 26 and the second step section 28. All the grooves 25 have a width ha of 0.3 mm. a2 takes the value 0.8 mm.
The principle of the artificial surface plasmon polariton-based antipodal Vivaldi antenna is that an SPP structure is loaded on the antenna to improve performance, and the antenna is composed of periodic rectangular gradient grooves. When the SPP transmission line is used as the antenna feeder, since the SPP structure transmits surface waves and most antennas transmit quasi-TEM waves, mode mismatch cannot be directly connected. Therefore, a corresponding structure needs to be designed to realize the conversion from the SPP wave to the guided wave, so as to realize the radiation with higher efficiency. The gradient groove is adopted to realize the broadband matching between the SPP transmission line and the antenna, and the effective mode conversion from the microstrip line to the SPP transmission line to the microstrip line is realized. The artificial plasmon transmission line with the sub-wavelength structure is formed by opening periodic rectangular grooves on the traditional microstrip transmission line. The gradient is used to provide elasticity to overcome the mismatch in wavenumber between the SPP mode and the radiated spatial wave. The momentum and impedance matching of the SPP wave and the space wave is realized in a wide frequency band range, and the aim of radiating the SPP wave is fulfilled.
Compared with the antipodal Vivaldi antenna only loaded with metal vias in the prior art, the simulation effect is shown in fig. 10 to 14, and the solid line in each simulation comparison graph represents the antipodal Vivaldi antenna of the present invention, and the dotted line represents the antipodal Vivaldi antenna in the prior art. It can be seen that after the SPP structure is loaded, the impedance matching of the antenna is obviously improved, and the gain is improved; the reflection coefficient is also obviously improved. The designed antenna directivity is good in the radiation patterns of three different frequencies.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications may be made in the above-described embodiments and concepts and all such changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. An anti-podded Vivaldi antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton comprises a bottom layer antenna plate (10) arranged on the lower side surface of a dielectric substrate and a top layer antenna plate (20) arranged on the upper side surface of the dielectric substrate; the feeding parts of the bottom layer antenna plate (10) and the top layer antenna plate (20) are overlapped and loaded with corresponding feeding structures; the upper end of the bottom layer antenna plate (10) extends upwards and is deflected to one side to form a bottom layer reverse foot (11), and the upper end of the top layer antenna plate (20) extends upwards and is deflected to the other side to form a top layer reverse foot (21); the bottom radiation edge (12) of the bottom layer inverse foot (11) close to the top layer inverse foot (21) is a linear edge, and the top radiation edge (22) of the top layer inverse foot (21) close to the bottom layer inverse foot (11) is a linear edge;
it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the bottom layer reverse foot (11) is provided with a plurality of bottom layer metal through holes (13) which are distributed in a straight line, the top layer reverse foot (21) is provided with a plurality of top layer metal through holes (23) which are distributed in a straight line, and the top layer reverse foot (21) and the bottom layer reverse foot (11) are of a symmetrical structure;
the top layer antenna plate (20) is provided with a plurality of grooves (25) extending towards the middle part on two sides of the feeding part respectively so as to form an SPP structure (24); the SPP structure (24) comprises a first step section (26), a transition section (27) and a second step section (28) which are connected in sequence; the depth of the groove (25) in the first step section (26) increases towards the transition section (27), the depth of the groove (25) in the second step section (28) also increases towards the transition section (27), and the depth of each groove (25) in the transition section (27) is the same and is not less than the depth of the deepest groove (25) in the first step section (26) and the second step section (28).
2. The artificial surface plasmon based antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (25) depth in both the first step (26) and the second step (28) increases linearly.
3. The artificial surface plasmon based antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that the side of the bottom antipodal leg (11) remote from the bottom radiating edge (12) is curved, the side of the top antipodal leg (21) remote from the top radiating edge (22) is curved with the same shape, and the curved lengths are y 2;
the middle part of the bottom layer antenna board (10) is overlapped with the top layer antenna board (20) to form a projection intersection point;
the distances from the free ends of the bottom layer radiation edge (12) and the top layer radiation edge (22) to the projection intersection point are both y 1;
the feeding part width of the top antenna plate (20) is A1; the width of the feeding part of the bottom layer antenna board (10) is A2; the distance between the free ends of the bottom layer radiant edge (12) and the top layer radiant edge (22) is A3; the distance between the connecting line of the free ends of the bottom layer radiation edge (12) and the top layer radiation edge (22) and the projection intersection point is A4;
the arc length y2 satisfies the formula
The distance y1 satisfies the formula y1＝2X-7；
Wherein k2 is a transition factor and satisfies
X is a linear length formula of an antenna assembly applied by the sufficient Vivaldi antenna; a2 is a design parameter.
4. The artificial surface plasmon based antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to claim 3, characterized by a width A1 of 1.8mm, a width A2 of 14mm, a distance A3 of 9mm and a distance A4 of 15 mm; the height B1 of the antipodal Vivaldi antenna is 29 mm; the depth of the groove (25) is hd, hd is 0.7mm in the transition section (27), and the depth is gradually changed in the first step section (26) and the second step section (28) in sequence; the depth change of the adjacent grooves (25) is dt, dt is 0 in the transition section (27), and 0.1mm is respectively taken in the first step section (26) and the second step section (28); the width of all the grooves (25) is ha, and the value is 0.3 mm; a2 takes the value 0.8 mm.
5. The artificial surface plasmon based antipodal Vivaldi antenna according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the number of bottom layer metal vias (13) and top layer metal vias (23) is 5.
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