CN113378237A - Block chain data storage method and device based on aggregate signature and isolation witness - Google Patents

Block chain data storage method and device based on aggregate signature and isolation witness Download PDF

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CN113378237A
CN113378237A CN202110643317.7A CN202110643317A CN113378237A CN 113378237 A CN113378237 A CN 113378237A CN 202110643317 A CN202110643317 A CN 202110643317A CN 113378237 A CN113378237 A CN 113378237A
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高胜
朴桂荣
朱建明
隋智源
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Central university of finance and economics
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Abstract

The invention discloses a block chain data storage method and device based on aggregate signature and isolation witness, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating a plurality of transactions through the block chain nodes, verifying the transactions, and storing the verified transactions in a transaction pool; selecting a plurality of transactions in a transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set; calculating a hash value of the aggregated signature, and generating a money-creating transaction containing the hash value of the aggregated signature; calculating hash values of a plurality of transactions without signatures to construct a Mercury tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the money-creating transaction into a block chain to form a block chain structure. By analyzing the characteristics of the transactions in the block chain, the existing transaction signatures are improved, and new transactions and block formats are constructed, so that the block capacity limitation and transaction ductility attack are solved.

Description

Block chain data storage method and device based on aggregate signature and isolation witness
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of block chains, in particular to a block chain data storage method and device based on aggregate signatures and isolation witnesses.
Background
The cryptocurrency represented by bitcoin is a novel currency form generated under the drive of financial science and technology innovation, and is a distributed payment system which is constructed by taking cryptography technology, block chain technology, P2P network technology and the like as supports. The cryptocurrency is recorded in the blockchain from birth to circulation in the form of a transaction, which is essentially a data structure including a set of input and output lists, including information such as transaction signature, transaction amount, source and payee. And finally, hashing is carried out on the whole transaction, so that traceability and difficult tampering of the transaction are realized.
On one hand, each new transaction is stored in the newly generated block in the form of bytes, and the capacity of the block is limited. The block size is predefined by the system, and the number of bytes that each block can accommodate is limited, i.e. the number of transactions that can be stored is limited. When a large number of transactions occur over a period of time, a transaction jam may occur due to the speed limit for generating new tiles. That is, the blocks are filled up quickly, resulting in less and less efficient transaction processing. To store more transactions in a limited block size, the number of bytes per transaction can be reduced. Instantiating a transaction as shown in FIG. 1, "Previoutx" in the input is the Hash value of the previous transaction, "Index" is the number referring to the transaction, "Scripsig" is an unlock script. The "Value" in the output records the amount of money, and "script pubkey" is the locking script. The unlocking script occupies a large storage space, and the unlocking script is generally a signature of a user.
Transaction signatures, on the other hand, have multiple representations that are functionally identical, but that have changed in bytes. This property derives from a Transaction extensibility (Transaction extensibility) attack. As is well known, at one time, mt.gox was the largest exchange with one degree of trading reaching 80% of all bitcoin trades. The transaction place is closed due to hacking, 85 ten thousand of bit coins are lost, and transaction ductility attack attracts wide attention. The extensibility of transactions in cryptocurrency means that the different manifestations of the same transaction result in a change in the transaction hash. For example, user A sends user B a monetary amount and generates a new transaction, which is broadcast over the P2P network. Before the transaction is confirmed, some adjustments are made to the presentation of the signature string itself. Taking the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm as an example, the signature (r, s) and the signature (r, -s (mod n)) are both valid, so the adjusted signature is still a valid signature. The unique identifier of each transaction is a hash of the entire transaction, which changes as the signature is adjusted. The hash of the transaction has changed but is essentially the same transaction. Hackers exploit this feature to implement attacks on exchanges.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a blockchain data storage method based on aggregate signatures and isolation witnesses, which improves the existing transaction signatures by analyzing the characteristics of transactions themselves in blockchains, constructs new transactions and blockformats, and thereby solves the block capacity limitation and transaction ductility attacks.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a blockchain data storage device based on aggregate signatures and isolation witnesses.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing blockchain data based on aggregated signatures and isolated witnesses, including:
generating a plurality of transactions through the block link points, verifying the transactions, and storing the verified transactions in a transaction pool;
selecting a plurality of transactions in the transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set;
calculating a hash value of the aggregated signature, and generating a money-creating transaction containing the aggregated signature hash value;
calculating hash values of a plurality of transactions without signatures to construct a Merck tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the money-creating transaction into a block chain structure formed by a block chain.
According to the block chain data storage method based on the aggregate signature and the isolation witnesses, more transactions can be stored in the blocks in the mode of the aggregate signature and the isolation signature, and therefore concurrency during transaction packaging is improved. Meanwhile, the transaction record and the signature are stored separately, so that the transaction ductility attack can be resisted. The transaction records corresponding to the same transaction are unique, and the signature can be varied. Only the hash value related to the transaction record is stored in the block header, and the transaction verification cannot be influenced even if the signature changes. An improved block chain data structure is provided, and safe and efficient transaction data storage is achieved.
In addition, the block chain data storage method based on the aggregate signature and the isolation witness according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the blockchain is divided into a miner node and a common node, the absenteeism node verifies transactions in the blockchain, and stores the verified transactions in a transaction pool of the miner node.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, verifying the plurality of transactions comprises: test e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not, where, PK is a public key,
Figure BDA0003108851270000021
is a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriBilinear map computation of, e (g, σ)i) Is g and σiBilinear map computation.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, an aggregated signature is generated according to the signature set, and a formula is:
Figure BDA0003108851270000022
wherein, sigma is an aggregation signature, sigmaiIs the signature of the transaction, and k is the transaction number.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: verifying the aggregate signature in the block chain structure
Figure BDA0003108851270000031
Is equal to e (g, σ), wherein PKiIs a public key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiG is a generator of the cyclic group, σ is an aggregate signature, e (g, σ) is a bilinear map calculation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriAnd (4) calculating bilinear mapping, wherein k is the transaction number.
In order to achieve the above object, another embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain data storage device based on aggregated signatures and isolated witnesses, including:
the first verification module is used for generating a plurality of transactions through the block link points, verifying the transactions and storing the verified transactions in a transaction pool;
the aggregation module is used for selecting a plurality of transactions in the transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set;
the calculation module is used for calculating the hash value of the aggregated signature and generating a money-creating transaction containing the hash value of the aggregated signature;
and the storage module is used for calculating hash values of a plurality of transactions without signatures to construct a Mercury tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the money-creating transaction into a block chain structure.
According to the block chain data storage device based on the aggregate signature and the isolation witnesses, more transactions can be stored in the blocks in the mode of the aggregate signature and the isolation signature, so that the concurrence number during transaction packaging is increased. Meanwhile, the transaction record and the signature are stored separately, so that the transaction ductility attack can be resisted. The transaction records corresponding to the same transaction are unique, and the signature can be varied. Only the hash value related to the transaction record is stored in the block header, and the transaction verification cannot be influenced even if the signature changes. An improved block chain data structure is provided, and safe and efficient transaction data storage is achieved.
In addition, the blockchain data storage device based on the aggregated signature and the isolation witness according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the blockchain is divided into a miner node and a common node, the absenteeism node verifies transactions in the blockchain, and stores the verified transactions in a transaction pool of the miner node.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, verifying the plurality of transactions comprises: test e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not, where, PK is a public key,
Figure BDA0003108851270000032
is a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriBilinear map computation of, e (g, σ)i) Is g and σiBilinear map computation.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, an aggregated signature is generated according to the signature set, and a formula is:
Figure BDA0003108851270000033
wherein, sigma is an aggregation signature, sigmaiIs the signature of the transaction, and k is the transaction number.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present invention, the second verification module is configured to verify the aggregate signature in the block chain structure
Figure BDA0003108851270000041
Is equal to e (g, σ), wherein PKiIs a public key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiG is the generator of the cyclic group, σFor aggregate signatures, e (g, σ) is a bilinear map computation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriAnd (4) calculating bilinear mapping, wherein k is the transaction number.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example transaction;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of storing data in a blockchain transaction according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a data storage method in a blockchain transaction according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a block flow diagram of a method of storing data in a blockchain transaction according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a block structure of a blockchain according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a data storage device in a blockchain transaction according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a block chain data storage method and apparatus based on aggregate signature and isolation witnesses, which are proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A block chain data storage method based on aggregate signatures and isolation witnesses, proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention, will be described first with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs a new data storage structure by comprehensively isolating witnesses and aggregating signatures, and solves the problems of block capacity limitation and transaction ductility attack in a block chain. When miners in the blockchain system package transactions, a set of signatures can be converted into one aggregated signature. The aggregation signature technology can aggregate a plurality of signatures into one signature which can be verified, and the storage space of the signature is saved. Furthermore, only miners need to verify signatures in transactions, and most nodes in the network only care about whether digital assets are available. Isolation witnesses take advantage of this property to store the "witness" of a digital signature in a block, while the signature itself is not stored within the block.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for blockchain data storage based on aggregate signatures and isolation witnesses, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for storing blockchain data based on aggregate signature and isolation witness includes the following steps:
and step S1, generating a plurality of transactions through the block chain nodes, verifying the transactions, and storing the verified transactions in the transaction pool.
As shown in fig. 3, the nodes in the blockchain are divided into miners' nodes and common nodes. The miner node participates in the consensus process and is responsible for packaging the newly generated transaction into blocks and storing the blocks into the block chain network. By recording the value transfer between the common nodes through the transaction, the newly generated transaction is stored in the blockchain through the consensus process. The transaction generated between the nodes is broadcasted in the whole network through the P2P network and is temporarily stored in the transaction pool of the miner node.
Step S2, selecting a plurality of transactions in the transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set.
Specifically, the miner node selects a plurality of transactions from the transaction pool, extracts signatures in the transactions, and generates an aggregated signature.
And step S3, calculating the hash value of the aggregated signature, and generating the money creating transaction containing the aggregated signature hash value.
Step S4, calculating hash values of multiple transactions without signatures to construct a mercker tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the created transaction into a block chain to form a block chain structure.
The improved block chain structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 4. Generally, a block is composed of a block header and a block body, the block header stores a previous block hash, version number, merkel root, etc., and the block body stores transaction information. The first transaction in the block is a money-creation transaction that is used to issue rewards to the credited miner node. The remaining transactions include transaction records and digital signatures for recording information such as transaction amount, source and payee. The improved block chain structure mainly changes the general transaction, the coinage transaction and the Mercker tree. Transaction Tx in the case of a passiFrom transaction records TriAnd a digital signature σiTwo parts are formed. The transaction in the scheme does not include a signature, i.e. transaction TxiIn which only the transaction record Tr is recordedi. Thus, for unsigned transactions Tr when computing the Mercker tree rootiAnd carrying out hash calculation. To ensure the integrity and verifiability of transactions, multiple signatures σ in a block are usediAnd aggregating to form an aggregate signature sigma, and recording the hash value of the aggregate signature in the money-creating transaction. At this point, the money-creation transaction is used to record the miner's reward information and the aggregate signature "witness". The difficulty of changing the aggregated signature is further exacerbated by the mercker tree. The aggregate signature may be passed between nodes as additional information to the chunk.
As shown in FIG. 5, a node in the blockchain generates a number of transactions Tx1，Tx2，...，Txn}, any transaction TxiFrom transaction records TriAnd a digital signature σiTwo-part, i.e. Txi＝{Tri，σi}. Digital signature sigmaiFrom a private key xiAnd hash of transaction record HriIs generated wherein Hri＝Hash(Tri)，
Figure BDA0003108851270000051
These transactions are broadcast into the network waiting to be acknowledged. The miners' nodes in the blockchain will verify as validTransactions are added to their own transaction pool to temporarily store transactions that have not been packed into blockchains. The signature verification process is to verify e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not they are equal, wherein the public key
Figure BDA0003108851270000052
xiIs a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriComputing X, e (g, σ) as a bilinear mapi) Is g and σiBilinear map computation. Miners node selects several transactions Tx1，Tx2，...，TxkExtracting the signature in the database to generate a signature set { sigma }1，σ2，...，σk}. The miner node converts the signature set into an aggregate signature sigma, and the calculation process
Figure BDA0003108851270000061
Is as follows. The miner node calculates the Hash value H σ of the aggregate signature as Hash (σ), and generates a money-creating transaction containing the Hash value H σ of the aggregate signature. Miner node construction signature-free transaction { Tr1，Tr2，...，TrkThe Merck tree of and generate blocks. At this point, the verification process of the aggregated signature becomes verification
Figure BDA0003108851270000062
E (g, σ) is bilinear map computation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriBilinear map computation.
According to the block chain data storage method based on the aggregate signature and the isolation witnesses, provided by the embodiment of the invention, transaction ductility attack can be solved, and the block storage efficiency can be improved. More transactions can be stored in the block by means of aggregation signatures and isolation signatures, so that the concurrence number of transaction packaging is improved. Meanwhile, the transaction record and the signature are stored separately, so that the transaction ductility attack can be resisted. The transaction records corresponding to the same transaction are unique, and the signature can be varied. Only the hash value related to the transaction record is stored in the block header, and the transaction verification cannot be influenced even if the signature changes. An improved block chain data structure is provided, and safe and efficient transaction data storage is achieved.
Next, a block chain data storage device based on aggregate signature and isolation witnesses, which is proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention, is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 6 is a block chain data storage device structure based on aggregate signature and isolation witness according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, the blockchain data storage based on aggregate signature and isolation witness includes: a first verification module 601, an aggregation module 602, a calculation module 603, and a storage module 604.
The first verification module 601 is configured to generate a plurality of transactions through the block link points, verify the plurality of transactions, and store the verified transactions in the transaction pool.
The aggregation module 602 is configured to select multiple transactions in the transaction pool, extract signatures in the selected multiple transactions to generate a signature set, and generate an aggregated signature according to the signature set.
A calculating module 603 configured to calculate a hash value of the aggregated signature, and generate a money creation transaction including the aggregated signature hash value.
The storage module 604 is configured to calculate hash values of multiple transactions that do not include signatures to construct a mercker tree and generate a block, and store the block and the created transaction in a block chain to form a block chain structure.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the blockchain is divided into a miner node and a common node, the spacious worker node verifies the transaction in the blockchain, and the transaction passing the verification is stored in the transaction pool of the miner node.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the verifying the plurality of transactions comprises: test e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not, where, PK is a public key,
Figure BDA0003108851270000063
xiis a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriBilinear map computation of, e (g, σ)i) Is g and σiBilinear map computation.
Optionally, in some embodiments, the aggregated signature is generated from a set of signatures, and the formula is:
Figure BDA0003108851270000064
wherein, sigma is an aggregation signature, sigmaiIs the signature of the transaction, and k is the transaction number.
Optionally, in some embodiments, a second verification module is configured to verify the aggregate signature in the block chain structure
Figure BDA0003108851270000071
Is equal to e (g, σ), wherein PKiIs a public key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiG is a generator of the cyclic group, σ is an aggregate signature, e (g, σ) is a bilinear map calculation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriAnd (4) calculating bilinear mapping, wherein k is the transaction number.
It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the method embodiment is also applicable to the apparatus of this embodiment, and is not repeated herein.
According to the block chain data storage device based on the aggregate signature and the isolation witnesses, provided by the embodiment of the invention, transaction ductility attack can be solved, and the block storage efficiency can be improved. More transactions can be stored in the block by means of aggregation signatures and isolation signatures, so that the concurrence number of transaction packaging is improved. Meanwhile, the transaction record and the signature are stored separately, so that the transaction ductility attack can be resisted. The transaction records corresponding to the same transaction are unique, and the signature can be varied. Only the hash value related to the transaction record is stored in the block header, and the transaction verification cannot be influenced even if the signature changes. An improved block chain data structure is provided, and safe and efficient transaction data storage is achieved.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A block chain data storage method based on aggregate signature and isolation witness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
generating a plurality of transactions through the block link points, verifying the transactions, and storing the verified transactions in a transaction pool;
selecting a plurality of transactions in the transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set;
calculating a hash value of the aggregated signature, and generating a money-creating transaction containing the aggregated signature hash value;
calculating hash values of a plurality of transactions without signatures to construct a Merck tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the money-creating transaction into a block chain structure formed by a block chain.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the blockchain is divided into a miner node and a common node, the spacious worker node verifies the transaction in the blockchain, and the transaction passing the verification is stored in a transaction pool of the miner node.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein verifying the plurality of transactions comprises: test e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not, where, PK is a public key,
Figure FDA0003108851260000011
xiis a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriBilinear map computation of, e (g, σ)i) Is g and σiBilinear map computation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the aggregate signature is generated from the set of signatures by the formula:
Figure FDA0003108851260000012
wherein, sigma is an aggregation signature, sigmaiIs the signature of the transaction, and k is the transaction number.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: verifying the aggregate signature in the block chain structure
Figure FDA0003108851260000013
Is equal to e (g, σ), wherein PKiIs a public key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiG is a generator of the cyclic group, σ is an aggregate signature, e (g, σ) is a bilinear map calculation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriAnd (4) calculating bilinear mapping, wherein k is the transaction number.
6. A blockchain data storage device based on aggregated signatures and isolated witnesses, comprising:
the first verification module is used for generating a plurality of transactions through the block link points, verifying the transactions and storing the verified transactions in a transaction pool;
the aggregation module is used for selecting a plurality of transactions in the transaction pool, extracting signatures in the selected transactions to generate a signature set, and generating an aggregated signature according to the signature set;
the calculation module is used for calculating the hash value of the aggregated signature and generating a money-creating transaction containing the hash value of the aggregated signature;
and the storage module is used for calculating hash values of a plurality of transactions without signatures to construct a Mercury tree and generate a block, and storing the block and the money-creating transaction into a block chain structure.
7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the blockchain is divided into a miner node and a common node, the spacious worker node verifies the transaction in the blockchain, and the transaction passing the verification is stored in a transaction pool of the miner node.
8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the plurality of transactions are validated, packageComprises the following steps: test e (PK, Hr)i) And e (g, σ)i) Whether or not, where, PK is a public key,
Figure FDA0003108851260000021
xiis a private key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiHash value of σiFor digital signatures, g is the generator of the cycle group, e (PK, Hr)i) Is PK and HriBilinear map computation of, e (g, σ)i) Is g and σiBilinear map computation.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein an aggregate signature is generated from the set of signatures, and wherein the formula is:
Figure FDA0003108851260000022
wherein, sigma is an aggregation signature, sigmaiIs the signature of the transaction, and k is the transaction number.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second verification module is configured to verify the aggregate signature in the block-chain structure
Figure FDA0003108851260000023
Is equal to e (g, σ), wherein PKiIs a public key, HriRecording Tr for transactionsiG is a generator of the cyclic group, σ is an aggregate signature, e (g, σ) is a bilinear map calculation of g and σ, e (PK)i，Hri) Is PKiAnd HriAnd (4) calculating bilinear mapping, wherein k is the transaction number.
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