CN111445334A - Aggregation signature method and device for block chain system and storage medium - Google Patents

Aggregation signature method and device for block chain system and storage medium Download PDF

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CN111445334A
CN111445334A CN202010233793.7A CN202010233793A CN111445334A CN 111445334 A CN111445334 A CN 111445334A CN 202010233793 A CN202010233793 A CN 202010233793A CN 111445334 A CN111445334 A CN 111445334A
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transaction
nodes
signature information
node
information
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CN111445334B (en
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张宇
李敏
肖若楠
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BEIJING CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
    • G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
    • G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
    • G06Q20/3825—Use of electronic signatures

Abstract

The invention provides an aggregation signature method, an aggregation signature device and a storage medium of a block chain system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating transaction information when a transaction initiating node initiates a transaction, signing the transaction information to generate first signature information, and sending the first signature information to the N endorsement nodes; the N endorsement nodes respectively check the endorsements after receiving the first signature information, and generate second signature information based on the first signature information after passing the verification and send the second signature information to the transaction initiation node; after the transaction initiating node receives the n pieces of second signature information, generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the consensus node; and the consensus node generates a block, sends the block to the accounting node for verification, and records the block in a block chain if the verification is passed. The invention adopts the aggregation signature technology, can obviously improve the efficiency and provides the signature calculation method suitable for the block chain system.

Description

Aggregation signature method and device for block chain system and storage medium
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer security, in particular to an aggregation signature method and device for a block chain system and a storage medium.
Background
The blockchain originates from the bit currency, 11.1.2008, and a person who calls the traditional Chinese medicine (Satoshi Nakamoto) lists the bit currency, namely a point-to-point electronic cash system, describes the architecture concept of the electronic cash system based on the P2P network technology, encryption technology, timestamp technology, blockchain technology and the like, and marks the birth of the bit currency. Two-month later theories step into practice, and a first creation block with the serial number of 0 is born on 1 month and 3 days in 2009. The block with the number 1 appears in 2009 at 1/9, and is connected with the created block with the number 0 to form a chain, which marks the birth of the block chain.
In recent years, the attitude of bitcoin in the world has fallen, but a blockchain technique, which is one of bitcoin underlying techniques, has been increasingly emphasized. In the process of forming the bitcoin, the blocks are storage units one by one, and all communication information of each block node within a certain time is recorded. The blocks are linked through random hashing (also called hashing algorithm), the next block contains the hash value of the previous block, one block is connected with one block successively along with the expansion of information exchange, and the formed result is called a block chain.
What is the blockchain? From a technological level, the blockchain involves many scientific and technical problems such as mathematics, cryptography, internet and computer programming. From the application perspective, the blockchain is simply a distributed shared account book and database, and has the characteristics of decentralization, no tampering, trace remaining in the whole process, traceability, collective maintenance, public transparency and the like. The characteristics ensure the honesty and the transparency of the block chain and lay a foundation for creating trust for the block chain. And the rich application scenes of the block chains basically solve the problem of information asymmetry based on the block chains, and realize the cooperative trust and consistent action among a plurality of main bodies.
That is to say, the block chain is a distributed accounting technology, and the problem of performing trusted accounting in an untrusted environment is solved, which is significant. Federation chains are a relatively representative class of blockchains. At present, the confirmation of the alliance chain to the transaction is realized by adopting a signature-signature verification mechanism. In the current mainstream technology, a transaction initiator and an endorsement node independently sign a transaction, and each signature needs to be verified during verification. Transaction verification, which is a very high frequency operation in the blockchain, becomes a task with higher resource consumption when the number of endorsement nodes is large. Therefore, how to improve the performance of transaction verification will significantly improve the performance of the whole blockchain.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides the following technical solutions to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks in the prior art.
An aggregate signature method for a blockchain system, the blockchain system comprising a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes, and L billing nodes, the method comprising:
a transaction initiating step, namely, when a transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, transaction information is generated, the transaction information is signed to generate first signature information, and the first signature information is sent to the N endorsement nodes;
in the endorsement verification step, the N endorsement nodes respectively verify the endorsements after receiving the first signature information, and if the endorsement nodes pass the verification, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node;
an aggregation step, after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes;
a block generation step, wherein the K consensus nodes check and sign the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information, if the transaction information passes the verification, the transaction record is written into a local transaction pool, then the K consensus nodes take out the transaction from the transaction pool, generate blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and send the blocks to the L accounting nodes;
a billing verification step, wherein the L billing nodes verify all transactions in the block, if the verification is successful, the block is written into a local block chain, otherwise, the block is discarded;
wherein, N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
Further, the blockchain system further comprises a system management node, and the system management node is used for completing initialization of the blockchain system.
Further, initialization of the blockchain system selects large prime numbers p and elliptic curve groups G, G for the system management node1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issuing G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes, the K consensus nodes and the L accounting nodes1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
Further, the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node and the N endorsement nodes participating in the transaction generate respective private keys d based on the initialization of the blockchain systemiAnd public key DiWherein the public key is published to other nodes.
Further, transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, the transaction initiating node calculates h ═ h (M) and
Figure BDA0002430273060000041
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending the data to the N endorsement nodes;
when node E of endorsementiReceiving first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Then, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000042
And will (M, sigma)i,Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s;
when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000043
The complete transaction information (D) containing the aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) to the K consensus nodes;
after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000044
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the K consensus nodes take out the transactions (D) from the transaction pools,{Di|i∈[1,n]The invention also provides an aggregation signature device of a block chain system, wherein the block chain system comprises a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes and L accounting nodes, and the device comprises:
the transaction initiating unit generates transaction information when one transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to one transaction receiving node, signs the transaction information to generate first signature information and sends the first signature information to the N endorsement nodes;
the endorsement verification unit is used for verifying the endorsements after the N endorsement nodes receive the first signature information respectively, and if the endorsement nodes pass the verification, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node;
the aggregation unit is used for generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes;
the block generation unit is used for verifying and signing the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information by the K consensus nodes, writing the transaction record into a local transaction pool if the transaction information passes verification, taking out the transaction from the transaction pool by the K consensus nodes, generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and sending the blocks to the L accounting nodes;
a billing verification unit, said L billing nodes verifying all transactions in said block, writing the block into the local blockchain if verification is successful, otherwise discarding the block;
wherein, N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
Further, the blockchain system further comprises a system management node, and the system management node is used for completing initialization of the blockchain system.
Further, initialization of the blockchain system selects large prime numbers p and elliptic curve groups G, G for the system management node1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issuing G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes, the K consensus nodes and the L accounting nodes1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
Further, the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node and the N endorsement nodes participating in the transaction generate respective private keys d based on the initialization of the blockchain systemiAnd public key DiWherein the public key is published to other nodes.
Further, transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, the transaction initiating node calculates h ═ h (M) and
Figure BDA0002430273060000061
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending the data to the N endorsement nodes;
when node E of endorsementiReceiving first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Then, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000062
And will (M, sigma)i，Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s;
when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000063
Complete transaction information (D) comprising aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, σ) to the K consensus nodes;
after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000064
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the K consensus nodes take out the transactions (D) from the transaction pools,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) and generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and broadcasting the blocks to an accounting node, wherein the accounting node writes the blocks into a local block chain if all transaction verification in the blocks is verified to be successful, otherwise, discards the blocks. The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer program code means for performing any of the above-mentioned means when said computer program code means is executed by a computer.
The method has the technical effects that the block chain system comprises a transaction initiating node, transaction receiving nodes, N endorsement nodes, K common identification nodes and L accounting nodes, the method comprises the steps of generating transaction information when one transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to one transaction receiving node, signing the transaction information to generate first signature information and sending the first signature information to the N endorsement nodes, respectively verifying after the N endorsement nodes receive the first signature information, if verification is passed, generating second signature information by the endorsement nodes based on the first signature information and sending the second signature information to the transaction initiating node, generating aggregated signature information based on the N second signature information and the first signature information after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the N endorsement nodes, sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K common identification nodes, verifying the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information after the transaction initiating node receives the N second signature information, if verification passes, sending the aggregated signature information to the K common identification nodes, and then sending the transaction information to the K common identification nodes after the transaction initiating node verifies that the aggregated signature information is received, and if verification is passed, the verification is carried out, the verification that the transaction information is sent to the aggregated signature information, and the block chain system verifies that the multiple transaction information, otherwise, the multiple transaction information is sent to a block chain system, and the block chain system, if verification is carried out, the verification that the block chain system, and the block chain system, the block chain system verifies that the multiple block chain system has a block chain system, and the multiple block chain system has a block chain system with multiple block chain.
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Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an aggregate signature method of a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of an aggregate signature apparatus of a blockchain system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant invention and not restrictive of the invention. It should be noted that, for convenience of description, only the portions related to the related invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates an aggregated signature method of a blockchain system according to the present invention, where the blockchain system includes a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes, and L accounting nodes, and the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the endorsement node, the consensus nodes, and the accounting nodes in the present invention may be on one hardware device or on multiple hardware devices, that is, one computing device may serve as the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the endorsement node, and/or one accounting node.
The method comprises the following steps: a transaction initiating step S101, when a transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, transaction information is generated, the transaction information is signed to generate first signature information, and the first signature information is sent to the N endorsement nodes; the transaction information is a macroscopic concept, and can be the transfer of digital assets, the storage of documents and other operations.
And an endorsement verification step S102, wherein the N endorsement nodes respectively perform signature verification after receiving the first signature information, and if the verification is passed, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node. When a peer receives a transaction, it calls the VSCC (validation system chain code) associated with the Chaincode of the transaction as part of the transaction validation process to determine the validity of the transaction, a transaction containing endorsement support in one or more peer endorsement nodes.
And an aggregation step S103, after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes. And when the transaction initiating node receives the n second signature information and the first signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes according to the endorsement policy, generating aggregated signature information. The endorsement strategy is described below.
An endorsement policy is an assertion of a transaction, an endorsement, and possibly the next state decision, TRUE or FA L SE.
1. Chain code related keys or identifiers (found within the metadata of the chain code), such as an endorsement node set;
2. more chain code metadata;
3. elements of the transaction itself;
4. there may be others.
The evaluation of the endorsement policy assertion must be deterministic. The endorsement strategy cannot be complex, nor "small chain codes". The endorsement policy specification language must be limited and able to increase certainty.
The assertion list is simple to rich, and the complexity is easy to get. That is, the policy to support only key and node identifiers is relatively simple.
To be dealt with: parameters of an endorsement policy are determined.
The assertion may comprise a logical expression that results in TRUE or FA L SE, typically this condition comprises a digital signature issued by the chain code endorsement node on the transaction call.
Assume that the chain code specifies an endorsement node set E ═ Alice, Bob, Charlie, Dave, Eve, Frank, George }, some exemplary policies: e sets valid signatures for all elements. E sets valid signatures for any one element.
Valid signatures for endorsement nodes that satisfy this condition (Alice OR Bob) AND (any two of: Charlie, Dave, Eve, Frank, George).
Valid signatures for any 5 of the 7 endorsement nodes. (more generally, a chain code with n >3f endorsement nodes requires 2f +1 of the n endorsement nodes to have valid signatures, or any group of over (n + f)/2 endorsement nodes to have valid signatures).
Assuming that endorsement nodes all have a "bet" or "weight", such as { Alice ═ 49, Bob ═ 15, Charlie ═ 15, Dave ═ 10, Eve ═ 7, Frank ═ 3, George ═ 1}, the total bet is 100: the policy requires a valid signature for the majority bet set (i.e., a set with a total bet strictly greater than 50), such as any X different from George { Alice, X }, or { all but Alice }, etc.
And a block generation step S104, wherein the K consensus nodes check the aggregated signature information, if the verification is passed, the transaction record is written into a local transaction pool, then the K consensus nodes take out the transaction from the transaction pool, generate blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and send the blocks to the L accounting nodes, when the blocks are generated, a block can be generated for the transaction by adopting the consensus mechanism and broadcast to the L accounting nodes, and if the block is not passed in the consensus mechanism, the block is not generated.
And an accounting verification step S105, verifying all transactions in the block by the L accounting nodes, writing the block into a local block chain if the verification is successful, and discarding the block if the verification is successful, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
In one embodiment, the blockchain system further includes a system management node, where the system management node is configured to complete initialization of the blockchain system, and the system management node may be a management server configured to initialize various parameters required for signature of the blockchain system.
Preferably, the signature of the blockchain system required to initialize the blockchain systemThe various parameters required include: the system management node selects a large prime number p and an elliptic curve group G, G1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issuing G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes, the K consensus nodes and the L accounting nodes1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
In one embodiment, the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes and the like participating in the transaction generate respective private keys and public keys based on the initialization of the blockchain system, wherein the public keys are issued to other nodes, and the other nodes are other nodes except for the other nodes, for example, one participating node i randomly selects di∈ZpCalculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000121
DiI.e. the public key of i, diIs a private key, and discloses DiSecret di。
In one embodiment, aggregated signature verification of transactions is achieved based on various parameters of the blockchain system required to initialize the signature of the blockchain system, transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, and the transaction initiating node calculates h (h), (M) and
Figure BDA0002430273060000122
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending to the N endorsement nodes as endorsement node EiWhen the first signature information is received, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000123
And will (M, sigma)i,Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s; when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000124
Complete transaction information (D) comprising aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, σ) to the K consensus nodes; after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000125
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the K consensus nodes take out the transactions (D) from the transaction pools,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) and generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and broadcasting the blocks to an accounting node, wherein the accounting node verifies all transactions in the blocks, and writes the blocks into a local block chain if the verification is successful, otherwise, discards the blocks. Wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. The method adopts the specific signature algorithm execution process provided by the invention, has high execution efficiency and strong secrecy, is suitable for the safety requirement of the block chain, and is another invention point of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows an aggregation signature apparatus of a blockchain system of the present invention, where the blockchain system includes a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes, and L accounting nodes, and the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the endorsement nodes, the consensus nodes, and the accounting nodes in the present invention may be on one hardware device or on multiple hardware devices, that is, one computing device may serve as the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the endorsement node, the consensus node, and/or the accounting node.
The device of the invention comprises: the transaction initiating unit 201 is used for generating transaction information when a transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, signing the transaction information to generate first signature information and sending the first signature information to the N endorsement nodes; the transaction information is a macroscopic concept, and can be the transfer of digital assets, the storage of documents and other operations.
And the endorsement verification unit 202 is configured to verify the endorsements respectively after the N endorsement nodes receive the first signature information, and if the endorsement passes the verification, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node. When a peer receives a transaction, it calls the VSCC (validation system chain code) associated with the Chaincode of the transaction as part of the transaction validation process to determine the validity of the transaction, a transaction containing endorsement support in one or more peer endorsement nodes.
And the aggregation unit 203 is configured to generate aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, and send the transaction information including the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes. And when the transaction initiating node receives the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes according to the endorsement policy, generating aggregated signature information. The endorsement strategy is described below.
An endorsement policy is an assertion of a transaction, an endorsement, and possibly the next state decision, TRUE or FA L SE.
1. Chain code related keys or identifiers (found within the metadata of the chain code), such as an endorsement node set;
2. more chain code metadata;
3. elements of the transaction itself;
4. there may be others.
The evaluation of the endorsement policy assertion must be deterministic. The endorsement strategy cannot be complex, nor "small chain codes". The endorsement policy specification language must be limited and able to increase certainty.
The assertion list is simple to rich, and the complexity is easy to get. That is, the policy to support only key and node identifiers is relatively simple.
To be dealt with: parameters of an endorsement policy are determined.
The assertion may comprise a logical expression that results in TRUE or FA L SE, typically this condition comprises a digital signature issued by the chain code endorsement node on the transaction call.
Assume that the chain code specifies an endorsement node set E ═ Alice, Bob, Charlie, Dave, Eve, Frank, George }, some exemplary policies: e sets valid signatures for all elements. E sets valid signatures for any one element.
Valid signatures for endorsement nodes that satisfy this condition (Alice OR Bob) AND (any two of: Charlie, Dave, Eve, Frank, George).
Valid signatures for any 5 of the 7 endorsement nodes. (more generally, a chain code with n >3f endorsement nodes requires 2f +1 of the n endorsement nodes to have valid signatures, or any group of over (n + f)/2 endorsement nodes to have valid signatures).
Assuming that endorsement nodes all have a "bet" or "weight", such as { Alice ═ 49, Bob ═ 15, Charlie ═ 15, Dave ═ 10, Eve ═ 7, Frank ═ 3, George ═ 1}, the total bet is 100: the policy requires a valid signature for the majority bet set (i.e., a set with a total bet strictly greater than 50), such as any X different from George { Alice, X }, or { all but Alice }, etc.
The block generating unit 204 is configured to, if the aggregated signature information passes verification, write the transaction record into a local transaction pool, then take out transactions from the transaction pool by the K consensus nodes, generate blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and send the blocks to the L accounting nodes, when a block is generated, a block may be generated for a transaction by using the consensus mechanism and broadcast the block to the L accounting nodes, and if the block does not pass the consensus mechanism, the block is not generated.
The accounting verification unit 205 is used for verifying all transactions in the block by the L accounting nodes, if the verification is successful, the block is written into a local block chain, otherwise, the block is discarded, wherein N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
In one embodiment, the blockchain system further includes a system management node, where the system management node is configured to complete initialization of the blockchain system, and the system management node may be a management server configured to initialize various parameters required for signature of the blockchain system.
Preferably, the various parameters of the blockchain system required to initialize the signature of the blockchain system include: the system management node selects a large prime number p and an elliptic curve group G, G1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issuing G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the L accounting nodes, the N endorsement nodes, the K consensus nodes and the L accounting nodes1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
In one embodiment, the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes and the like participating in the transaction generate respective private keys and public keys based on the initialization of the blockchain system, wherein the public keys are issued to other nodes, and the other nodes are other nodes except for the other nodes, for example, one participating node i randomly selects di∈ZpCalculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000171
DiI.e. the public key of i, diIs a private key, and discloses DiSecret di。
In one embodiment, each signature required to initialize the blockchain system is based on the blockchain systemParameters implement aggregate signature verification of transactions, transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, the transaction initiating node calculates h ═ h (M) and
Figure BDA0002430273060000172
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending to the N endorsement nodes as endorsement node EiReceiving first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Then, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000173
And will (M, sigma)i,Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s; when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure BDA0002430273060000174
The complete transaction information (D) containing the aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, σ) to the K consensus nodes; after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure BDA0002430273060000175
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the K consensus nodes take out the transactions (D) from the transaction pools,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) and generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and broadcasting the blocks to an accounting node, wherein the accounting node verifies all transactions in the blocks, and writes the blocks into a local block chain if the verification is successful, otherwise, discards the blocks. Wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N. The device adopts the specific signature algorithm execution process provided by the invention, and has high execution efficiency and strong secrecyThe method is applicable to the safety requirement of the block chain, and is another invention point of the invention.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various units by function, and are described separately. Of course, the functionality of the units may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware when implementing the present application.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present application can be implemented by software plus necessary general hardware platform. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present application may be essentially implemented or the portions that contribute to the prior art may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the apparatuses described in the embodiments or some portions of the embodiments of the present application.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. An aggregate signature method for a blockchain system, the blockchain system comprising a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes, and L billing nodes, the method comprising:
a transaction initiating step, namely, when a transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, transaction information is generated, the transaction information is signed to generate first signature information, and the first signature information is sent to the N endorsement nodes;
in the endorsement verification step, the N endorsement nodes respectively verify the endorsements after receiving the first signature information, and if the endorsement nodes pass the verification, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node;
an aggregation step, after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes;
a block generation step, wherein the K consensus nodes check and sign the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information, if the transaction information passes the verification, the transaction record is written into a local transaction pool, then the K consensus nodes take out the transaction from the transaction pool, generate blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and send the blocks to the L accounting nodes;
a billing verification step, wherein the L billing nodes verify all transactions in the block, if the verification is successful, the block is written into a local block chain, otherwise, the block is discarded;
wherein, N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the blockchain system further comprises a system management node configured to complete initialization of the blockchain system.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the initialization of the blockchain system selects large prime p and elliptic curve groups G, G for system management nodes1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issuing G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes, the K consensus nodes and the L accounting nodes1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transaction initiating node, transaction receiving node and N endorsement nodes participating in a transactionThe points generate respective private keys d based on initialization of the blockchain systemiAnd public key DiWherein the public key is published to other nodes.
5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, the transaction initiating node calculating h (H), (M) and
Figure FDA0002430273050000021
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending the data to the N endorsement nodes;
when node E of endorsementiReceiving a joining initiator public key DsFirst signature information (M, σ)s，Ds) Then, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure FDA0002430273050000022
And will (M, sigma)i,Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s;
when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure FDA0002430273050000031
The complete transaction information (D) containing the aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, σ) to the K consensus nodes;
after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure FDA0002430273050000032
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the K consensus segmentsThe point takes the transaction out of the transaction pool (D)s,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) and generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and broadcasting the blocks to an accounting node, wherein the accounting node verifies all transactions in the blocks, and writes the blocks into a local block chain if the verification is successful, otherwise, discards the blocks.
6. An aggregation signature device of a blockchain system, wherein the blockchain system comprises a transaction initiating node, a transaction receiving node, N endorsement nodes, K consensus nodes and L accounting nodes, and the device is characterized by comprising:
the transaction initiating unit generates transaction information when one transaction initiating node initiates a transaction to one transaction receiving node, signs the transaction information to generate first signature information and sends the first signature information to the N endorsement nodes;
the endorsement verification unit is used for verifying the endorsements after the N endorsement nodes receive the first signature information respectively, and if the endorsement nodes pass the verification, the endorsement nodes generate second signature information based on the first signature information and send the second signature information to the transaction initiating node;
the aggregation unit is used for generating aggregated signature information based on the n pieces of second signature information and the first signature information after the transaction initiating node receives the second signature information sent by the n endorsement nodes, and sending the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information to the K consensus nodes;
the block generation unit is used for verifying and signing the transaction information containing the aggregated signature information by the K consensus nodes, if the transaction information passes verification, the transaction record is written into a local transaction pool, then the K consensus nodes take out the transaction from the transaction pool, generate blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and send the blocks to the L accounting nodes;
a billing verification unit, said L billing node verifying all transactions in said block, writing the block into the local blockchain if verification is successful, otherwise discarding the block;
wherein, N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, N is more than or equal to 2, K is more than or equal to 2, L is more than or equal to 2, and N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the blockchain system further comprises a system management node configured to complete initialization of the blockchain system.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the initialization of the blockchain system selects a large prime number p and elliptic curve group G, G for a system management node1Defining a bilinear map e G × G → G1Defining Hash operation H: {0,1}*→ G, and issues G, e, G to the transaction initiating node, the transaction receiving node, the N endorsement nodes, the consensus node and the accounting node1And H, wherein the generator of G is G.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the transaction initiating node, transaction receiving node, and N endorsement nodes participating in a transaction generate respective private keys d based on initialization of the blockchain systemiAnd public key DiWherein the public key is published to other nodes.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the transaction information M is generated when a transaction initiating node s initiates a transaction to a transaction receiving node, the transaction initiating node calculating h (h), (M) and
Figure FDA0002430273050000051
the first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Sending the data to the N endorsement nodes;
when node E of endorsementiReceiving first signature information (M, sigma)s,Ds) Then, h ═ h (m) is calculated, and equation e (D) is determineds,h)＝e(g,σs) If not, the signature verification fails, if so, the calculation is carried out
Figure FDA0002430273050000052
And will (M, sigma)i，Di) Sending the signature information as second signature information to the transaction initiating node s;
when the transaction initiating node s receives the second signature information of the n endorsement nodes, calculating
Figure FDA0002430273050000053
The complete transaction information (D) containing the aggregated signature informations,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) to the K consensus nodes;
after the K common identification nodes receive the aggregation signature information, calculation is carried out
Figure FDA0002430273050000054
And h ═ h (m), then determine if equation e (D, h) ═ e (g, σ) holds, if not, signature verification fails, if yes, then (D, h) will be useds,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) into a local transaction pool; the consensus node takes the transaction out of the transaction pool (D)s,{Di|i∈[1,n]}, M, sigma) and generating blocks according to a consensus mechanism, and broadcasting the blocks to an accounting node, wherein the accounting node verifies all transactions in the blocks, and writes the blocks into a local block chain if the verification is successful, otherwise, discards the blocks.
11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium has stored thereon computer program code which, when executed by a computer, performs the apparatus of any of claims 1-5.
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