CN113376818A - Dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system - Google Patents
Dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376818A CN113376818A CN202110466384.6A CN202110466384A CN113376818A CN 113376818 A CN113376818 A CN 113376818A CN 202110466384 A CN202110466384 A CN 202110466384A CN 113376818 A CN113376818 A CN 113376818A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
- G02B15/02—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective
- G02B15/04—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective by changing a part
Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system, which comprises: an objective lens group, a fixed lens group, a focusing lens, a field lens group and a converging lens are arranged along the light path in sequence; a view field switching lens group is also arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed lens group; the view field switching mirror group is used for realizing the switching between a large view field and a small view field. The field switching mirror group is arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed mirror group, so that the field switching is realized, the field switching mirror group is suitable for a large field and a small field, the requirement of multiple fields is met, and the target detection efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared imaging, in particular to a dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system.
Background
The traditional single-waveband imaging technology has been developed from unit to linear array and focal plane, but the single-waveband infrared detection has respective limitations. The long wave thermal infrared imager has strong reconnaissance capability under severe battlefield conditions such as hot targets, burning objects, smoke, obstacles and even cold weather. Therefore, the spectrum of different wavelength ranges of the infrared band is utilized, the disguised information of the target can be effectively removed, the detection and identification capability and the identification speed of the target are improved, and the false alarm rate of the system is reduced.
With the development of the infrared imaging technology and the photoelectric observing and aiming equipment, the existing single-waveband infrared imaging equipment is difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency, multiple elements, accuracy and real-time acquisition of modern information.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system, which realizes the common-path design of two wavebands, meets the requirement of multiple fields of view and improves the target detection efficiency.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system, which comprises: an objective lens group, a fixed lens group, a focusing lens, a field lens group and a converging lens are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a view field switching lens group is also arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed lens group;
the view field switching mirror group is used for realizing the switching between a large view field and a small view field.
In one embodiment, the objective lens group includes a first objective lens and a second objective lens;
wherein, the focal power of the first objective lens is positive, and the focal power of the second objective lens is negative;
the first objective lens is made of zinc selenide material;
the second objective is made of a zinc sulfide material.
In one embodiment, the fixed mirror group comprises a first fixed mirror, a second fixed mirror and a third fixed mirror;
the focal power of the first fixed mirror and the focal power of the second fixed mirror are positive, and the focal power of the third fixed mirror is negative;
the first fixed mirror is made of an optical glass material;
the second fixed mirror and the third fixed mirror are made of germanium materials.
In one embodiment, the field switching mirror group comprises a first switching mirror, a second switching mirror and a third switching mirror;
the focal power of the first switching mirror is negative, and the focal powers of the second switching mirror and the third switching mirror are positive;
the first switching mirror and the third switching mirror are made of optical glass materials;
the second switching mirror is made of a germanium material.
In one embodiment, the focal power of the focusing lens is positive, and the focusing lens is made of germanium material;
the focal power of the converging lens is negative, and the converging lens is made of optical glass materials.
In one embodiment, the set of field lenses includes a first field lens and a second field lens;
the focal power of the first field lens is negative, and the focal power of the second field lens is positive;
the first field lens is made of a germanium material;
the second field lens is made of optical glass materials.
In one embodiment, the objective lens is disposed in front of the objective lens group;
the window lens is a flat lens without focal power and is made of a germanium material;
the window lens is obliquely arranged, and the included angle between the window lens and the optical axis meets the following requirements:
θ＝1/4α2
wherein theta represents the angle between the window lens and the optical axis, and alpha2Representing a full field angle corresponding to the large field of view.
In one embodiment, a first mirror and a second mirror are included;
the first reflecting mirror is arranged between the fixed mirror group and the focusing mirror;
the second reflector is arranged between the focusing lens and the field lens group
The first reflector and the second reflector are made of quartz materials.
In one embodiment, the small field of view corresponds to a focal length f1And a focal length f corresponding to the large field of view2Satisfies the following conditions:
200≤f1≤350
50≤f2≤87.5。
in one embodiment, the F-number of the optical system satisfies:
2≤F#≤4。
the field switching mirror group is arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed mirror group, so that the field switching is realized, the field switching mirror group is suitable for a large field and a small field, the requirement of multiple fields is met, and the target detection efficiency is improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are MTF curves of the transfer functions of waves and long waves in a small field of view according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are graphs of MTF curves for waves in a large field of view and for long waves in a second embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system, which comprises: an objective lens group, a fixed lens group, a focusing lens, a field lens group and a converging lens are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a view field switching lens group is also arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed lens group;
the view field switching mirror group is used for realizing the switching between a large view field and a small view field.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a dual-band dual-field optical system, which includes an objective lens group, a fixed lens group, a focusing lens 6, a field lens group, and a converging lens 9 sequentially disposed along an optical path. The field switching mirror group is used for switching between a large field and a small field, for example, the field switching mirror group can be rotated to move into an optical path to switch between the large field and the small field. The focusing lens group is used for realizing high-low temperature and object distance compensation of the system. A receiving device is arranged behind the converging lens 9, and the receiving device of the optical system in the embodiment is a medium-long wave two-waveband infrared staring focal plane detector. In this embodiment, the medium-long wave dual-band may be medium wave 3.7-4.8 μm and long wave 7.7-11.5 μm. The target surface size of the medium-long wave dual-waveband infrared staring focal plane detector can be 1280 multiplied by 1024, and the pixel size is 12 mu m. In the embodiment, the light path is matched with the detector to realize 100% cold diaphragm matching.
The dual-band optical system of the embodiment can completely adopt spherical and aspheric surface types, has no diffraction surface, and further reduces the processing difficulty and cost. The visual field switching mirror group is arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed mirror group, so that the visual field switching is realized, the visual field switching is simultaneously suitable for a large visual field and a small visual field, the visual field switching is realized, the visual field switching is suitable for the large visual field and the small visual field, the requirement of multiple visual fields is met, and the target detection efficiency is improved. The double-view-field switching also meets the use requirements of large-view-field large-range observation and small-view-field accurate aiming.
In one embodiment, the objective lens group includes a first objective lens and a second objective lens;
wherein, the focal power of the first objective lens is positive, and the focal power of the second objective lens is negative;
the first objective lens is made of zinc selenide material;
the second objective is made of a zinc sulfide material.
In this embodiment, the objective lens group includes a first objective lens 21 and a second objective lens 22, wherein the focal power of the first objective lens 21 is positive, and the focal power of the second objective lens 22 is negative;
the first objective lens 21 is made of ZnSe material;
the second objective lens 22 is made of ZnS material.
In one embodiment, the fixed mirror group includes a first fixed mirror 41, a second fixed mirror 42, and a third fixed mirror 43;
wherein the focal power of the first fixed mirror 41 and the second fixed mirror 42 is positive, and the focal power of the third fixed mirror 43 is negative;
the first fixed mirror 41 is made of an optical glass material;
the second fixed mirror 42 and the third fixed mirror 43 are made of a germanium material.
In this embodiment, the fixed mirror group includes a first fixed mirror 41, a second fixed mirror 42, and a third fixed mirror 43; the focal power of the first fixed mirror 41 and the second fixed mirror 42 is positive, and the focal power of the third fixed mirror 43 is negative.
In this embodiment, the first fixed mirror 41 may be made of an optical glass material IRG 206;
the second fixed mirror 42 and the third fixed mirror 43 may be made of Ge single crystal material.
In one embodiment, the field switching mirror group includes a first switching mirror 31, a second switching mirror 32, and a third switching mirror 33;
wherein the focal power of the first switching mirror 31 is negative, and the focal powers of the second switching mirror 32 and the third switching mirror 33 are positive;
the first switching mirror 31 and the third switching mirror 33 are made of optical glass materials;
the second switching mirror 32 is made of a germanium material.
In this embodiment, the field switching mirror group includes a first switching mirror 31, a second switching mirror 32, and a third switching mirror 33. The focal power of the first switching mirror 31 is negative, the focal powers of the second switching mirror 32 and the third switching mirror 33 are positive, the first switching mirror 31 can be made of IRG207 optical glass material, the second switching mirror 32 is made of Ge single crystal material, and the third switching mirror 33 can be made of IRG206 optical glass material.
In one embodiment, the focal power of the focusing lens 6 is positive, and the focusing lens 6 is made of germanium material;
the focal power of the converging lens 9 is negative, and the converging lens 9 is made of optical glass materials.
In one embodiment, the field lens group includes a first field lens 81 and a second field lens 82;
the focal power of the first field lens 81 is negative, and the focal power of the second field lens 82 is positive;
the first field lens 81 is made of a germanium material;
the second field lens 82 is made of optical glass material.
In this embodiment, the focal power of the first field lens 81 is negative, and the focal power of the second field lens 82 is positive;
the first field lens 81 may be made of a Ge single crystal material;
the second field lens 82 may be made of IRG206 optical glass material.
In one embodiment, the optical lens system further comprises a window lens 1, wherein the window lens 1 is arranged in front of the objective lens group along an optical path;
the window lens 1 is a flat lens without focal power, and the window lens 1 is made of a germanium material;
the window lens 1 is obliquely arranged, and an included angle between the window lens 1 and an optical axis satisfies:
θ＝1/4α2
wherein theta represents the angle between the window lens and the optical axis, and alpha2Representing a full field angle corresponding to the large field of view.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the objective lens system further includes a window lens 1, and the window lens 1 is disposed in front of the objective lens group along the optical path. The window lens 1 is a flat lens having no optical power. The window lens 1 is made of Ge single crystal material, the window lens 1 is placed obliquely, and the included angle theta between the window lens 1 and the optical axis is large in visual fieldCorresponding full field angle alpha2Satisfies the following relationship: theta 1/4 alpha2. The surface of the window lens 1 facing the photographic subject side in this example is plated with a hard protective film.
The infrared materials ZnSe, multispectral ZnS and Ge single crystals, the chalcogenide glass IRG206 and the IRG207 of the optical system of the embodiment are all domestic materials, so that the localization of the optical system is improved.
In one embodiment, a first mirror 5 and a second mirror 7 are included;
the first reflecting mirror 5 is arranged between the fixed mirror group and the focusing mirror 6;
the second reflector 7 is arranged between the focusing lens 6 and the field lens group
The first reflector 5 and the second reflector 7 are made of quartz material.
In this embodiment, the first mirror 5 and the second mirror 7 are used to reduce the length of the system and improve the integration of the system.
In one embodiment, the small field of view corresponds to a focal length f1And a focal length f corresponding to the large field of view2Satisfies the following conditions:
200≤f1≤350
50≤f2≤87.5。
in one embodiment, the F-number of the optical system satisfies:
2≤F#≤4。
in conclusion, the design of the infrared dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system in the embodiment is suitable for the development of a large-target-surface, wide-waveband and high-resolution bicolor detector, and meanwhile, the optical system with high performance and high switching efficiency is realized by completely adopting domestic materials. The multi-element and efficient target detection requirements of the infrared optical system in the photoelectric observing and aiming equipment are improved, the real-time image fusion of medium waves and long waves is realized, more abundant image information is provided for target alarming, and the false alarm probability is reduced.
Example two
The second embodiment of the invention provides a medium-long wave infrared dual-waveband dual-field-of-view optical system, which comprises a window lens 1, an objective lens group, a field-of-view switching lens group, a fixed group, a first reflector 5, a focusing lens 6, a first reflector 7, a field lens group and a converging lens along the direction of an optical path. The view field switching mirror group realizes the switching of a large view field by rotating and moving into the light path. The direction of the light path is along the incident direction of the light.
In this embodiment, the field switching mirror group can be rotated and moved into the optical path to switch the large field. The focusing lens group is used for realizing high-low temperature and object distance compensation of the system. A receiving device is arranged behind the converging lens 9, and the receiving device of the optical system in the embodiment is a medium-long wave two-waveband infrared staring focal plane detector. In this embodiment, the medium-long wave dual-band may be medium wave 3.7-4.8 μm and long wave 7.7-11.5 μm. The target surface size of the medium-long wave dual-waveband infrared staring focal plane detector can be 1280 multiplied by 1024, and the pixel size is 12 mu m.
In this embodiment, the optical lens system further includes a window lens 1, and the window lens 1 is disposed in front of the objective lens group along an optical path. The window lens 1 is a flat lens having no optical power. The window lens 1 is made of a Ge single crystal material. Because the first objective lens 21 of the objective lens group is made of ZnSe material, the material strength is lower, the hardness is poor, and the two-waveband film layer can not be plated with a diamond film, the protective window lens 1 is arranged in the light entering direction of the objective lens group, the material is germanium single crystal, and the window lens 1 is plated with a two-waveband hard protective film.
The specific optical path in this embodiment is:
in a small view field, incident light is refracted through the window lens 1, the objective lens group and the fixed lens group in sequence, then reflected through the first reflecting mirror 5, the reflected light is incident to the focusing lens 6, is refracted through the field lens group, then is reflected through the second reflecting mirror 7 again, and finally is refracted through the converging mirror and is incident to the detector.
When the field of view is large, incident light is refracted sequentially through the window lens 1, the objective lens group, the field switching lens group and the fixed group, then reflected by the first reflecting mirror 5, reflected light is incident to the focusing lens 6, refracted by the field lens group and then reflected by the second reflecting mirror 7, and finally reflected and incident to the detector through the converging mirror.
In this embodiment, the window lens 1 is a flat plate without focal power, the objective lens group is composed of a lens with positive focal power and a lens with negative focal power, the field switching lens group is composed of a lens with negative focal power, a lens with positive focal power and a lens with positive focal power in sequence, and the fixed group is composed of a lens with positive focal power, a lens with positive focal power and a lens with negative focal power in sequence. The first reflector 5 is a flat plate without focal power, the focusing lens is a lens with positive focal power, the second reflector 7 is a flat plate without focal power, the field lens group consists of a lens with negative focal power and a lens with positive focal power, and the converging lens is a lens with positive focal power.
In this embodiment, the focal length f corresponding to the small field of view1And a focal length f corresponding to the large field of view2Satisfies the following conditions:
200≤f1≤350；
50≤f2≤87.5；
the field switching magnification η is 4.
In one embodiment, the F-number of the optical system satisfies:
2≤F#≤4。
in the embodiment, the position of the focusing lens group is between the fixed reflecting mirror 1 and the fixed reflecting mirror 2. The focusing lens group is used for realizing high-low temperature and object distance compensation of the system.
The F # of the two-band infrared optical system of the present embodiment is 2.
The focal length of the dual-band infrared optical system of the embodiment is as follows: f 1-350 mm; f2 is 50 mm.
The target surface of the medium-long wave dual-waveband infrared staring focal plane detector in the embodiment is as follows: 1280 × 1024, and the pixel size is 12 μm.
In this embodiment, the angle θ between the window and the vertical plane of the optical path is 1 °.
The parameters of the optical system of the present embodiment are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 optical parameters of small field-of-view optical systems
TABLE 2 optical parameters of Large View optical systems
The aspherical surface profile of the optical system in this example is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 surface profile
| Surface number | K | A | | C | D | |
| 43 | 0 | 3.49832E-07 | 2.82552E-10 | -8.43680E-13 | 9.75397 |
|
| 0 | 1.77984E-07 | 6.60460E-10 | -7.77665E-14 | -5.41475E-15 | ||
| 32 | 0 | -1.67616E-04 | 5.27561E-07 | -2.36613E-09 | -4.44319E-12 | |
| 0 | -1.26123E-04 | 5.66181E-07 | -2.23074E-09 | 2.76831E-12 | ||
| 81 | 0 | -1.56400E-05 | -9.60702E-08 | 6.11422E-10 | -2.29344E-12 | |
| 0 | 1.283723e-006 | -6.86267e-009 | 4.70303e-011 | 0 |
The equation of the surface shape with the aspheric surface processed on the surface is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
c paraxial radius of curvature
k: conic coefficient
A. B, C, D: coefficient of aspheric surface
r: radius of curvature
The optical system of the embodiment realizes chromatic aberration correction of the medium-long wave broadband common-path optical system by matching focal powers and dispersion coefficients of different materials, the materials are selected from the manufacturer brands of domestic crystal and chalcogenide glass, and the construction of the optical system structure is realized on the basis of good material characteristics, good processability and high productivity and on the basis of the principle of least quantity and types. The embodiment corrects off-axis aberration caused by a large target surface image surface by using the aspheric surface, so that the design obtains excellent image quality. And a harmonic diffraction optical element is not used, so that the processing difficulty and cost of the system are reduced. Fig. 2 and 3 show the results of the transfer function design for the wavelength and the long wavelength in the small field of view, respectively, and it can be seen from the figure that the MTF of the transfer function of the optical system is at the characteristic frequency of 42lp/mm, and the MTF of the on-axis and off-axis full fields of view is close to the diffraction limit. Fig. 4 and 5 show the results of the transfer function design for waves and long waves in a large field of view, respectively, and it can be seen from the graphs that the MTF of the transfer function of the optical system is at the characteristic frequency of 42lp/mm, and the MTF of the full field of view on-axis and off-axis is close to the diffraction limit. The optical system has good imaging quality. In particular, since the diffraction limit cutoff due to the long wavelength band is not considered in the present invention, the results of the optical design are evaluated by the difference between the design value and the theoretical value in the present embodiment.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above-mentioned serial numbers of the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-band dual-field optical system, comprising: an objective lens group, a fixed lens group, a focusing lens, a field lens group and a converging lens are arranged along the light path in sequence;
a view field switching lens group is also arranged between the objective lens group and the fixed lens group;
the view field switching mirror group is used for realizing the switching between a large view field and a small view field.
2. The dual band dual field of view optical system of claim 1, wherein said objective lens group includes a first objective lens and a second objective lens;
wherein, the focal power of the first objective lens is positive, and the focal power of the second objective lens is negative;
the first objective lens is made of zinc selenide material;
the second objective is made of a zinc sulfide material.
3. The dual band dual field of view optical system of claim 1, wherein said fixed mirror group comprises a first fixed mirror, a second fixed mirror, and a third fixed mirror;
the focal power of the first fixed mirror and the focal power of the second fixed mirror are positive, and the focal power of the third fixed mirror is negative;
the first fixed mirror is made of an optical glass material;
the second fixed mirror and the third fixed mirror are made of germanium materials.
4. The dual-band dual-field optical system of claim 1, wherein said field-of-view switching mirror group comprises a first switching mirror, a second switching mirror, and a third switching mirror;
the focal power of the first switching mirror is negative, and the focal powers of the second switching mirror and the third switching mirror are positive;
the first switching mirror and the third switching mirror are made of optical glass materials;
the second switching mirror is made of a germanium material.
5. The dual band dual field of view optical system of claim 1 wherein said focusing lens has a positive optical power, said focusing lens being made of a germanium material;
the focal power of the converging lens is negative, and the converging lens is made of optical glass materials.
6. The dual band dual field of view optical system of claim 1, wherein said set of field lenses includes a first field lens and a second field lens;
the focal power of the first field lens is negative, and the focal power of the second field lens is positive;
the first field lens is made of a germanium material;
the second field lens is made of optical glass materials.
7. The dual band dual field of view optical system of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising a window lens disposed optically before said objective lens group;
the window lens is a flat lens without focal power and is made of a germanium material;
the window lens is obliquely arranged, and the included angle between the window lens and the optical axis meets the following requirements:
θ＝1/4α2
wherein theta represents the angle between the window lens and the optical axis, and alpha2Representing a full field angle corresponding to the large field of view.
8. The dual band dual field of view optical system of any of claims 1-6, comprising a first mirror and a second mirror;
the first reflecting mirror is arranged between the fixed mirror group and the focusing mirror;
the second reflector is arranged between the focusing lens and the field lens group
The first reflector and the second reflector are made of quartz materials.
9. The dual band dual field of view optical system of any of claims 1-6 wherein said small field of view corresponds to a focal length f1And a focal length f corresponding to the large field of view2Satisfies the following conditions:
200≤f1≤350
50≤f2≤87.5。
10. the dual band dual field of view optical system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the F-number of the optical system satisfies:
2≤F#≤4。
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