CN113376020A - Method for quantitatively detecting deformation resistance of cylinder cover bolt column - Google Patents
Method for quantitatively detecting deformation resistance of cylinder cover bolt column Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376020A CN113376020A CN202110730074.0A CN202110730074A CN113376020A CN 113376020 A CN113376020 A CN 113376020A CN 202110730074 A CN202110730074 A CN 202110730074A CN 113376020 A CN113376020 A CN 113376020A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt column, which comprises the steps of applying pretightening force, applying a first load, then unloading and returning to the pretightening force, and measuring two deformation quantities generated by the stress of the cylinder head bolt column during loading and unloading: wedging sinking depth E under load and residual deformation R after unloading, which is a cycle period; and then, returning the pre-tightening force after the second load is carried out, and gradually increasing the load applied in the next cycle compared with the load applied in the previous cycle until the specified maximum test load is reached. The invention can ensure and monitor whether the test process is normal and stable and whether the test result is effective; the cyclic step-by-step loading method is consistent with the cylinder cover bolt tightening process, the direction and the size of the applied load are close to the actual bearing working condition of the bolt column, and the deformation resistance of the cylinder cover can be directly evaluated by measuring the bearing wedging amount and the unloading residual deformation amount of the bolt column.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile fastener assembly, in particular to a method for quantitatively detecting deformation resistance of a cylinder cover bolt column.
Background
The cylinder cover is positioned at the top of the automobile engine cylinder body and is tightly connected with the automobile engine cylinder body mainly by a cylinder cover bolt. The cylinder cover is used for sealing the cylinder and forms a combustion space together with the piston. Therefore, the cylinder cover is often contacted with high-temperature and high-pressure fuel gas, and bears great thermal load and mechanical load; the mechanical loads are mainly the gas pressure to which the cylinder head is subjected and the fastening force of the bolts of the cylinder head.
To ensure good sealing of the cylinder, the cylinder cover can neither be damaged nor deformed. Therefore, the cylinder cover has enough strength and rigidity, particularly, the position stress of the cylinder cover bolt column is concentrated, and the sufficient rigidity and strength are required to ensure that the working deformation is small. If the deformation of the cylinder head bolt column is out of tolerance, the sealing performance of the engine is directly influenced, and the whole engine can be failed in a serious condition.
Regarding the evaluation of the deformation resistance of the cylinder cover bolt column, the current industry method is to sample near the cylinder cover bolt column to perform tensile resistance detection and hardness detection. The measuring part of the method is not a real bolt column area, and the difference between the detected load direction and the detected load size and the actual bearing working condition of the bolt column is large, so that the deformation resistance of the bolt column cannot be accurately and effectively evaluated directly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder cover bolt column, which aims at the cylinder cover bolt column area and adopts cyclic step-by-step loading to achieve the aim of directly, effectively and accurately evaluating the deformation resistance of the bolt column.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder cover bolt column is characterized by comprising the following steps: measuring two deformation quantities generated by the stress of the cylinder head bolt column during loading and unloading from the moment of applying the pretightening force to the moment of applying the first load and then unloading to return to the pretightening force: wedging sinking depth E under load and residual deformation R after unloading, which is a cycle period; and then, returning the pre-tightening force after the second load is carried out, and gradually increasing the load applied in the next cycle compared with the load applied in the previous cycle until the specified maximum test load is reached.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
1) starting the compression strength testing machine, and zeroing the compression strength testing machine; simultaneously installing a cylinder cover and a punch;
2) applying pretightening force through a compression strength testing machine after the punch is contacted with the cylindrical surface of the bolt;
3) applying a first load through a compression strength testing machine, keeping the load, and measuring the wedging amount of the punch wedged into the cylinder surface of the cylinder cover bolt through a measuring tool;
4) restoring to a pretightening force state, and measuring a residual value R through the measuring tool;
5) continuing to increase the load step by step, and repeating the steps 3) and 4) until the applied load reaches the rated load;
6) if all the residual values R are less than or equal to the rated residual value Rmax, the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column is shown to meet the functional requirement of the engine; otherwise, it is not satisfied.
Further, in the step 2), the applied pretightening force is 500N.
Further, in step 3), the first load applied was 10000N.
Further, in step 5), 10000N of load is increased step by step until 40000N, and the increment load per cycle from 40000N is 5000N until the rated load.
Further, in step 5), the rated load was 6000 daN.
Furthermore, the measuring tool adopts a dial indicator.
Further, the punch is not deformed and is equal to the diameter of the bolt bearing surface after machining.
Further, the rated residual value Rmax is 0.2 mm.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1. the measuring device can quantitatively measure deformation data of the cylinder head column under each load in the test process and draw a relevant curve graph, so that whether the test process is normal and stable and whether the test result is effective or not are ensured and monitored;
2. the cyclic step-by-step loading method is consistent with the cylinder cover bolt tightening process, the direction and the size of the applied load are close to the actual bearing working condition of the bolt column, and the deformation resistance of the cylinder cover can be directly evaluated by measuring the bearing wedging amount and the unloading residual deformation amount of the bolt column.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIGS. 2-4 are schematic diagrams of a cycle period;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a full cycle step-by-step loading test cycle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a load-E deformation curve;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a load-R deformation curve;
reference numerals: 1. a cylinder head bolt column; 2. and (4) punching.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column of the invention comprises the following steps of starting from the application of pretightening force to the application of first load, then unloading and returning to the pretightening force, and measuring two deformation quantities generated by the stress on the cylinder head bolt column during the loading and unloading processes: wedging sinking depth E under load and residual deformation R after unloading, which is a cycle period; and then, returning the pre-tightening force after the second load is carried out, and gradually increasing the load applied in the next cycle compared with the load applied in the previous cycle until the specified maximum test load is reached.
In this embodiment, the method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column needs the following equipment:
1) the compression strength testing machine can meet the testing requirements;
2) the punch after special treatment cannot deform and is equal to the diameter of the bolt supporting surface after machining;
3) and the measuring system (dial indicator and tool clamp for ensuring quantitative detection and corresponding matching) can be accurate to 0.001 mm.
Referring to fig. 2-5, the method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column comprises the following steps:
1) starting the compression strength testing machine, and zeroing the compression strength testing machine; simultaneously installing a cylinder cover and a punch;
2) applying pretightening force through a compression strength testing machine after the punch is contacted with the cylindrical surface of the bolt;
3) applying a first load through a compression strength testing machine, keeping the load, and measuring the wedging amount E of the punch wedged into the cylinder surface of the cylinder cover bolt through a measuring tool;
4) restoring to a pretightening force state, and measuring a residual value R through the measuring tool;
5) continuing to increase the load step by step, and repeating the steps 3) and 4) until the applied load reaches the rated load;
6) if all the residual values R are less than or equal to the rated residual value Rmax, the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column is shown to meet the functional requirement of the engine; otherwise, it is not satisfied.
In the detection process, the following needs to be noted:
1) and maximum test load: the load is consistent with the rated load of the cylinder cover bolt; starting to adopt 10000N increment load per cycle till 40000N, and starting from 40000N, the increment load per cycle till the rated load is 5000N;
2) bearing wedge value E: after the load is applied, the bolt column is wedged into the sunken deformation amount;
3) and a residual value R: residual deformation of the bolt column after unloading (returning to the pretightening force);
4) rated residual value Rmax: under the condition that the deformation out-of-tolerance of a cylinder cover bolt column can not directly influence the sealing performance of an engine, the engine sealing performance is obtained through a large amount of test data statistical analysis and bench function verification, and the thickness is generally determined to be 0.20 mm;
5) deformation curve (in conjunction with fig. 6-7): the load is taken as an abscissa, the load wedge value E and the unloaded residual deformation residual value R are respectively taken as an ordinate, and a deformation curve of load-E and load-R is drawn;
6) and data processing and analysis: and analyzing deformation curves of load-E and load-R of the bolt column, knowing the deformation amplitude and trend of the bolt column, and when all the residual values R are less than or equal to Rmax, indicating that the deformation resistance of the bolt column of the cylinder cover meets the functional requirements of the engine.
The invention can directly and accurately evaluate the deformation resistance of the cylinder cover bolt column by a cyclic step-by-step loading method, and can verify whether the structure, the material and the material density of the cylinder cover meet the functional requirements of products.
The method for implementing the method is described in detail in EP6 cylinder head.
Preparing a quantitative detection device system and main equipment: the device comprises a compression strength testing machine platform, a compression strength testing machine, a punch head subjected to special heat treatment, a cylinder cover, a processed bolt column bearing surface, a dial indicator for measurement and a matched tool clamp.
Wherein:
1) the material of the cylinder cover is AlSi7Cu0.5Mg0.3 KT7, the number of the support surfaces of the bolt columns is 10, and the rated residual value Rmax is 0.2 mm;
2) the diameter of the 35NiCrMo16 punch after quenching and tempering is 22 mm;
3) the rated load of the cylinder cover bolt is 5100 + 5600daN, and the maximum test load is determined to be 6000 daN;
4) zwick test machine, beam speed 0.2 mm/min;
5) the gauge adopts a dial indicator;
6) and (5) a corresponding tool clamp.
The method is operated according to the method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of the cylinder cover bolt column, 10 bolt columns are respectively measured in the wedging sinking depth E and the residual deformation R after unloading under each load in the whole cyclic step-by-step loading test period, and a specific data table is shown in the following table; generating deformation curves of load-E and load-R (as shown in figures 6-7) according to the deformation data, wherein the load curves have consistent trends according to the data table and the load deformation curves, and all residual values R <0.2mm meet the requirement that R is less than or equal to Rmax; the deformation resistance of the EP6 cylinder head bolt column is shown to meet the functional requirements of the engine.
Wedging value and allowance value of bolt column under each load
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and principal structural features of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Here, it should be noted that the description of the above technical solutions is exemplary, the present specification may be embodied in different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to the technical solutions set forth herein. Rather, these descriptions are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the technical solution of the present invention is limited only by the scope of the claims.
The shapes, sizes, ratios, angles, and numbers disclosed to describe aspects of the specification and claims are examples only, and thus, the specification and claims are not limited to the details shown. In the following description, when a detailed description of related known functions or configurations is determined to unnecessarily obscure the focus of the present specification and claims, the detailed description will be omitted.
Where the terms "comprising", "having" and "including" are used in this specification, there may be another part or parts unless otherwise stated, and the terms used may generally be in the singular but may also be in the plural.
It should be noted that although the terms "first," "second," "top," "bottom," "side," "other," "end," "other end," and the like may be used and used in this specification to describe various components, these components and parts should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element or section from another element or section. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, with the top and bottom elements being interchangeable or switchable with one another, where appropriate, without departing from the scope of the present description; the components at one end and the other end may be of the same or different properties to each other.
In describing positional relationships, for example, when positional sequences are described as being "on.. above", "over.. below", "below", and "next", unless such words or terms are used as "exactly" or "directly", they may include cases where there is no contact or contact therebetween. If a first element is referred to as being "on" a second element, that does not mean that the first element must be above the second element in the figures. The upper and lower portions of the member will change depending on the angle of view and the change in orientation. Thus, in the drawings or in actual construction, if a first element is referred to as being "on" a second element, it can be said that the first element is "under" the second element and the first element is "over" the second element. In describing temporal relationships, unless "exactly" or "directly" is used, the description of "after", "subsequently", and "before" may include instances where there is no discontinuity between steps. The features of the various embodiments of the present invention may be partially or fully combined or spliced with each other and performed in a variety of different configurations as would be well understood by those skilled in the art. Embodiments of the invention may be performed independently of each other or may be performed together in an interdependent relationship.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but that many variations are possible. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder cover bolt column is characterized by comprising the following steps: measuring two deformation quantities generated by the stress of the cylinder head bolt column during loading and unloading from the moment of applying the pretightening force to the moment of applying the first load and then unloading to return to the pretightening force: wedging sinking depth E under load and residual deformation R after unloading, which is a cycle period; and then, returning the pre-tightening force after the second load is carried out, and gradually increasing the load applied in the next cycle compared with the load applied in the previous cycle until the specified maximum test load is reached.
2. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
1) starting the compression strength testing machine, and zeroing the compression strength testing machine; simultaneously installing a cylinder cover and a punch;
2) applying pretightening force through a compression strength testing machine after the punch is contacted with the cylindrical surface of the bolt;
3) applying a first load through a compression strength testing machine, keeping the load, and measuring the wedging amount of the punch wedged into the cylinder surface of the cylinder cover bolt through a measuring tool;
4) restoring to a pretightening force state, and measuring a residual value R through the measuring tool;
5) continuing to increase the load step by step, and repeating the steps 3) and 4) until the applied load reaches the rated load;
6) if all the residual values R are less than or equal to the rated residual value Rmax, the deformation resistance of the cylinder head bolt column is shown to meet the functional requirement of the engine; otherwise, it is not satisfied.
3. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 2), the applied pretightening force is 500N.
4. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 2, wherein: in step 3), the first load applied was 10000N.
5. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 4, wherein: and step 5), increasing the load of 10000N step by step until 40000N, and starting from 40000N, the increment load per cycle is 5000N until the rated load.
6. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 5, wherein: and in the step 5), the rated load is 6000 daN.
7. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 2, wherein: the measuring tool adopts a dial indicator.
8. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 2, wherein: the punch is not deformed and is equal to the diameter of the bolt bearing surface after machining.
9. The method for quantitatively detecting the deformation resistance of a cylinder head bolt stud according to claim 2, wherein: the rated residual value Rmax is 0.2 mm.
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