CN113376001B - Phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113376001B CN113376001B CN202110782722.7A CN202110782722A CN113376001B CN 113376001 B CN113376001 B CN 113376001B CN 202110782722 A CN202110782722 A CN 202110782722A CN 113376001 B CN113376001 B CN 113376001B
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and a using method thereof. The method provided by the invention can be used for pertinently solving the problems of excessive interference in the visual field, high identification difficulty, low efficiency and low accuracy of phytoplankton samples in sea areas such as high silt content, turbid water body, more debris and impurities and the like represented by the estuary of the sea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of phytoplankton sample impurity removal, in particular to a phytoplankton sample impurity removal device and a use method thereof.
Background
Phytoplankton includes all the tiny plants of the planktonic lifestyle in water, belonging to the microalgae, mostly unicellular algae, ranging in size from a few microns to several hundred microns, and usually need to be observed and analyzed by means of an inverted microscope with magnification ranging from 40-400, including identification of species and counting separately.
The analytical procedure of the phytoplankton sample is that a sample water body (usually hundreds of milliliters) collected in the field according to a certain technical rule is kept still in a laboratory for more than 48 hours, then the sample water body is concentrated to be less than 100 milliliters by a certain method, then the sample is sliced (namely the concentrated sample is slowly shaken up, a certain volume (usually less than 1 milliliter) is taken and put into a counting frame and covered with a cover glass), and then the counting frame is placed under an inverted microscope for observation, and the phytoplankton individual is identified and counted.
However, the offshore phytoplankton samples have different water sources, and often encounter samples containing a large amount of impurities such as sediment or organic debris/suspended matters, for example, samples flowing into the seaport and nearby sea areas with high sand content or samples in offshore sea areas with poor water quality and turbid water generally have high impurity content.
These silt and organic debris/suspended matter cannot be removed in the concentration step, and therefore remain in the concentrated sample, and together with the phytoplankton, are dropped into the counting frame along with the water body, appear in the field of the microscope, and bring obvious interference to the identification, identification and counting of the phytoplankton.
When the silt content in the impurities is higher, great interference is brought, and firstly, the key identification characteristics of the algae are shielded by the silt and cannot be identified; secondly, the silt obscures the field of view caused by the background light of the field of view, and the field of view can only be brightened by observation and appraisal personnel, but sometimes some algae characteristics become unobvious when the light is stronger, and the difficulty of appraising phytoplankton samples is increased.
Although the quantity of the organic debris/suspended matters is less compared with that of the small-particle sediment, the organic debris/suspended matters are relatively large in size, the area of the sheltered algae is larger, and the identification characteristics are more; on the other hand, the algae are easy to attach to the organic debris/suspended matters, and the organic debris is often generated in the microscope field to gather a plurality of algae together, so that the identification characteristics of the individual algae are shielded from each other and light is shielded, and the type identification is interfered.
The presence of impurities such as silt and organic debris reduces the accuracy and efficiency of phytoplankton sample identification to a certain extent, so a way/method is needed to remove the impurities in the phytoplankton sample without affecting the representativeness of the identification result.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and a using method thereof, which can remove silt and large organic debris in a concentrated phytoplankton sample as far as possible on the premise of not influencing the representativeness of an identification result, thereby reducing the interference of the impurities on the identification of the phytoplankton and improving the accuracy and timeliness of the identification result.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a phytoplankton sample impurity removing device comprises a body, a rotating handle and a base;
the body is a hollow octahedron, wherein the front surface and the back surface are both regular hexagons, and six side surfaces between the front surface and the back surface are both squares; when any side surface of the body is positioned at the bottommost part, the body can be stably placed on the base;
a liquid outlet tap is arranged on one side surface of the body, one end of the liquid outlet tap is communicated with the inside of the body through a valve, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the other end of the liquid outlet tap;
an opening is arranged on one side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is arranged;
the other side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is positioned is provided with an opening and closing door, and a gap is arranged between the opening and closing door and the side surface; a large particle debris filter screen is arranged in the middle of the interior of the body opposite to the opening and closing door, and a small particle precipitation filter screen is arranged between the opening and closing door and the large particle debris filter screen; the position where the liquid outlet faucet is communicated with the body is positioned between the large particle debris filter screen and the small particle precipitation filter screen;
one end of the rotating handle extends into the body from one side surface opposite to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is located, and one end of the rotating handle is provided with a stirring blade.
Further, the small particle precipitation screen adopts a mesh JF62 or a silk screen of JP80, and the large particle debris screen adopts a silk screen with the pore size of 150 um.
Further, large granule piece filter screen detachably sets up the inside intermediate position of body, can change the large granule piece filter screen in different apertures according to the needs that the sample was dealt with.
Further, the base has a hollow interior, an open top, and an open structure communicating with the interior on the side.
Furthermore, the opening and closing door is a rotary opening and closing door, and the rotary mechanism drives the opening and closing door to rotate forwards or reversely to realize opening and closing.
Furthermore, the valve is connected to the spring clamp, when the tail end of the spring clamp is pinched, the head end of the spring clamp drives the valve to be opened upwards to enable the communicating position of the liquid outlet faucet and the body to be communicated, and when the tail end of the spring clamp is loosened, the spring rebounds to enable the head end of the spring clamp to drive the valve to be closed downwards, so that the communicating position of the liquid outlet faucet and the body is closed.
Further, the base is cylindrical, and the inner diameter of the base is smaller than the outer diameter of the body at the position of the liquid outlet faucet.
The invention also provides a using method of the device, which comprises the following specific processes:
s1, placing the body on the top of the base, and enabling the side where the liquid outlet faucet is located to be located at the top;
s2, pouring the phytoplankton sample into the body from the opening; then an ultrasonic probe is extended into the body from the opening, and is taken out after ultrasonic setting time;
s3, then, extending a hand into the base from the open structure on the side surface of the base, and manually shaking the rotating handle for a plurality of circles to enable the sample in the body to flow, disperse and mix evenly;
s4, repeating the steps S2-S3 for a plurality of times, wherein the shaking directions of the two shaking rotary handles are opposite;
s5, rotating the body to make the side surface with the opening and closing door be at the bottom, and then placing the body on the top of the base; large-particle debris can be trapped on the large-particle debris screen at the moment;
s6, controlling the initial state of the opening and closing door to be fully opened, wherein impurity particles which can pass through the large-particle debris filter screen but can not pass through the small-particle precipitation filter screen can be intercepted on the small-particle precipitation filter screen, and small-particle impurities which can pass through the small-particle precipitation filter screen can fall into the bottom of the body through the opening and closing door in the descending process;
s7, when the small-particle sediment is basically observed to fall on the bottom of the body, immediately closing the opening and closing door;
s8, lightly shaking the body to disperse and uniformly mix the liquid in the body;
s9, placing a sample receiving container at the lower end of the liquid outlet faucet, opening the valve to communicate the liquid outlet faucet with the body, and allowing the liquid between the small particle precipitation filter screen and the large particle debris filter screen to flow into the liquid outlet faucet and flow out of the liquid outlet and enter the sample receiving container.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method provided by the invention can be used for pertinently solving the problems of excessive interference in the visual field, high identification difficulty, low efficiency and low accuracy of phytoplankton samples in sea areas such as high silt content, turbid water body, more debris and impurities and the like represented by the estuary of the sea.
2. The method is simple to operate, less in time consumption, and capable of adding a certain flocculating agent into the device body according to the actual need of removing impurities of the sample; because the phytoplankton individuals in the sample are dead individuals after fixing, the addition of the flocculating agent does not affect the phytoplankton individuals and their identification.
3. The invention does not need an additional power device, thereby being environment-friendly and energy-saving;
4. the design of each step of the operation process of the invention aims to furthest not influence the representativeness of the sample and simplifies each step as much as possible on the premise of achieving the aim.
5. The invention has strong universality, low cost, small volume, convenient carrying and good impurity removal effect, and is suitable for popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the apparatus according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a state where a valve is closed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a state in which a valve is opened in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a phytoplankton sample impurity removing device, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a body 1, a rotating handle 2, a base 15 and a spring clamp;
in the present embodiment, the body 1 is a hollow octahedron, wherein the front surface and the back surface are both regular hexagons, and six side surfaces between the front surface and the back surface are both squares; when any side surface of the body 1 is positioned at the bottommost part, the body 1 can be stably placed on the base 15. In this embodiment, the volume of the body is 200 ml (other volumes can be made as required).
A liquid outlet tap 11 is arranged on one side surface of the body 1, one end of the liquid outlet tap 11 is communicated with the interior of the body 1, and a liquid outlet 13 is arranged at the other end of the liquid outlet tap 11; a valve 12 is arranged at the communication position of the liquid outlet faucet 11 and the body 1; the spring clamp is connected to the valve 12, the head end of the spring clamp drives the valve 12 to be opened upwards when pinching the tail end of the spring clamp, and the head end of the spring clamp drives the valve 12 to be closed downwards when loosening the tail end of the spring clamp.
In this embodiment, the spring clip is composed of a first clamp handle 8, a second clamp handle 10 and a spring 9, the first clamp handle 8 and the second clamp handle 10 are connected through the spring 9, the second clamp handle 10 is fixed on the liquid outlet faucet 11, the first clamp handle 8 can be pinched, the head end of the first clamp handle 8 is connected with the valve 12, when the tail end of the first clamp handle 8 is pinched downward, the valve 12 can be jacked upward by the head end of the first clamp handle 8 and enables the communication between the liquid outlet faucet 11 and the main body 1 to be conducted (as shown in fig. 4), and when the tail end of the first clamp handle 8 is stopped being pinched, the valve 12 can be downward along with the head end of the first clamp handle 8 and enables the communication between the liquid outlet faucet 11 and the main body 1 to be closed (as shown in fig. 3).
An opening 3 is arranged on one side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet 11 is arranged. In this embodiment, the opening 3 is located in the center of the side surface, is circular, and has a diameter larger than 4cm, so that the ultrasonic probe can conveniently enter and exit and pour the phytoplankton sample to be treated.
The other side face adjacent to the side face where the liquid outlet faucet 11 is located is provided with an opening and closing door 4, and a gap is arranged between the opening and closing door and the side face. In this embodiment, the opening/closing door 4 is a rotary opening/closing door, and is driven to rotate by a rotation mechanism 5. More specifically, the opening and closing door 4 is formed by circumferentially arranging a plurality of blades by using a microscope aperture stop or a circular stop (commonly called an aperture) on a camera lens, and the central hole of the opening and closing door becomes larger or smaller along with the rotation of the blades, so that the opening and closing door is gradually opened or closed. The inside middle part of body 1 is just to the position of opening and shutting door 4 is equipped with large granule piece filter screen 7, be equipped with granule deposit filter screen 6 between opening and shutting door 4 and the large granule piece filter screen 7, granule deposit filter screen 6 adopts mesh JF62 or JP 80's bolting silk, large granule piece filter screen 7 adopts the bolting silk about 150um in aperture size. The position where the liquid outlet tap 11 is communicated with the body 1 is positioned between the large particle debris filter screen 7 and the small particle sedimentation filter screen 6. Big granule piece filter screen 7 detachably sets up the inside intermediate position of body 1 can change the bolting-silk in different apertures according to the needs that the sample was dealt with.
One end of the rotating handle 2 extends into the body 1 from one side surface opposite to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet 11 is positioned, and one end of the rotating handle is provided with a stirring blade 14. More specifically, in the present embodiment, one end of the rotation handle 2 has a hexagonal cross section, and a recess having a matching hexagonal cross section is provided at the center of one side of the stirring blade 14, and one end of the rotation handle 2 can be fittingly snapped into the recess. When the rotating handle is rotated by hands, the stirring blades can be driven to rotate along with the rotating handle, and the liquid in the body can be driven to flow, so that the effect of uniformly mixing the liquid in the body is achieved.
Further, in the present embodiment, the base 15 has a hollow interior, an open top, and an open structure communicating with the interior on the side.
More specifically, in this embodiment, said seat 15 is cylindrical and has an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the body 1 at the position of the dispensing tap.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for using the device described in embodiment 1, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the body 1 on the top of the base 15, and making the side of the liquid outlet tap 11 on the top. As shown in fig. 2.
S2, pouring the phytoplankton sample into the body 1 from the opening 3; and then extending the ultrasonic probe into the body 1 from the opening 3, and taking out after 30 seconds of ultrasonic treatment. The ultrasonic treatment can separate the algae bodies adhered to the large-particle organic debris from the debris particles as much as possible, and the adhesion and the hooking among different algae bodies can be reduced through the ultrasonic action.
S3, stretching the hand from the open structure at the side of the base, and manually shaking the rotating handle for several circles to make the sample in the body 1 flow, disperse and mix evenly.
S4, repeating the steps S2-S3 for a plurality of times, wherein the swinging directions of the two swinging rotary handles are opposite.
It should be noted that if the sample contains only a large amount of silt impurities and a small amount of organic debris, the ultrasonic step can be reduced to 1 time or the ultrasonic time per time can be reduced to 15 seconds, so that the method is more environment-friendly and energy-saving.
S5, rotating the body 1 so that the side provided with the opening and closing door is at the bottom, and then placing the body on the top of the base 15, as shown in fig. 1; large particles of debris can then be trapped on the large particle debris screen 7.
S6, controlling the initial state of the opening and closing door to be fully opened through the rotating mechanism 5, and enabling impurities such as small-particle sediment and the like which can pass through the small-particle sedimentation filter screen 6 to fall into the bottom of the body 1 through the opening and closing door in the descending process; a small fraction of foreign particles such as silt which can pass through the large particle debris screen 7 but cannot pass through the small particle sedimentation screen 6 will be retained on the small particle sedimentation screen 6.
And S7, when the small-particle sediment is observed to fall on the bottom of the body 1, immediately rotating the rotating mechanism to close the opening and closing door.
S8, gently shake the body and with this internal liquid dispersion and mixing, this moment the bottom at the body is closed by the shutter to tiny particle silt, and the large granule piece etc. all are detained basically more than large granule piece filter screen 7, and little part of foreign particles are detained on tiny particle sediment filter screen 6, and the alga body of large granule piece separation is located between small granule sediment filter screen and the large granule piece filter screen.
S9, placing a sample receiving container at the lower end of a liquid outlet of the liquid outlet faucet, pinching the rear end of the spring clamp, jacking the valve when the front end of the spring clamp moves upwards, conducting the valve, and enabling liquid between the small particle precipitation filter screen and the large particle debris filter screen to enter the liquid outlet faucet through the valve and flow out of the liquid outlet to enter the sample receiving container. Because the position of the liquid outlet faucet is higher than the small particle precipitation filter screen, impurities such as large particle precipitation falling on the small particle precipitation filter screen can not flow out along with liquid basically.
At this time, most of impurities such as silt particles and organic debris of large particles are removed from the liquid in the sample receiving container, and the liquid can be used for flaking and observing and counting under a microscope.
Further, if needed, the body can be rotated by 120 degrees, so that the liquid outlet faucet is positioned at the bottom, and the liquid in the body can flow out conveniently.
Further, a flocculating agent may be added after the step S3 according to actual needs, and then the step S4 is performed, so that the organic debris impurity removal effect is better. Because the phytoplankton individuals in the sample are dead individuals after fixing, the addition of the flocculating agent does not affect the phytoplankton individuals and their identification.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made based on the above technical solutions and concepts, for example, the mesh size of the large granule debris screen and the small granule precipitation screen can be changed as required, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A phytoplankton sample impurity removing device is characterized by comprising a body, a rotating handle and a base;
the body is a hollow octahedron, wherein the front surface and the back surface are both regular hexagons, and six side surfaces between the front surface and the back surface are both squares; when any side surface of the body is positioned at the bottommost part, the body can be stably placed on the base; the base is hollow inside, the top of the base is open, and the side of the base is provided with an open structure communicated with the inside;
a liquid outlet faucet is arranged on one side surface of the body, one end of the liquid outlet faucet is communicated with the inside of the body through a valve, and a liquid outlet is formed in the other end of the liquid outlet faucet;
an opening is arranged on one side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is arranged;
the other side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is located is provided with an opening and closing door, and a gap is formed between the other side surface adjacent to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is located and the opening and closing door; a large particle debris filter screen is arranged in the middle of the interior of the body opposite to the opening and closing door, and a small particle precipitation filter screen is arranged between the opening and closing door and the large particle debris filter screen; the liquid outlet faucet is communicated with the body and is positioned between the large particle debris filter screen and the small particle precipitation filter screen;
one end of the rotating handle extends into the body from one side surface opposite to the side surface where the liquid outlet faucet is located, and one end of the rotating handle is provided with a stirring blade.
2. The device of claim 1, wherein the small particle precipitation screen is made of mesh JF62 or JP80 silk screen, and the large particle debris screen is made of 150um silk screen.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the large particle debris screen is removably disposed at an intermediate position within the body, and the large particle debris screen of different pore sizes can be replaced as required for sample disposal.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the opening and closing door is a rotary opening and closing door, and the rotary mechanism drives the door to rotate forward or backward to open and close.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve is connected to the spring clip, when the tail end of the spring clip is pinched, the head end of the spring clip drives the valve to open upward to conduct the connection between the liquid outlet faucet and the body, and when the tail end of the spring clip is released, the spring rebounds to drive the head end of the spring clip to close downward to close the connection between the liquid outlet faucet and the body.
6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is cylindrical with an inner diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the body at the location of the tapping tap.
7. A method for using the device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the specific process is as follows:
s1, placing the body on the top of the base, and enabling the side where the liquid outlet faucet is located to be located at the top;
s2, pouring the phytoplankton sample into the body from the opening; then an ultrasonic probe is extended into the body from the opening, and is taken out after ultrasonic setting time;
s3, stretching a hand into the open structure on the side surface of the base, and manually shaking the rotating handle for a plurality of circles to enable the sample in the body to flow, disperse and mix uniformly;
s4, repeating the steps S2-S3 for a plurality of times, wherein the shaking directions of the two shaking rotary handles are opposite;
s5, rotating the body to enable the side surface provided with the opening and closing door to be positioned at the bottom, and then placing the body on the top of the base; large-particle debris can be trapped on the large-particle debris screen at the moment;
s6, controlling the initial state of the opening and closing door to be fully opened, wherein the impurity particles which can pass through the large-particle debris filter screen but can not pass through the small-particle precipitation filter screen can be intercepted on the small-particle precipitation filter screen, and the small-particle impurities which can pass through the small-particle precipitation filter screen can fall into the bottom of the body through the opening and closing door in the descending process;
s7, when the small-particle sediment is observed to fall on the bottom of the body, the opening and closing door is closed immediately;
s8, slightly shaking the body to disperse and uniformly mix the liquid in the body;
s9, placing a sample receiving container at the lower end of the liquid outlet faucet, opening the valve to communicate the liquid outlet faucet with the body, and allowing the liquid between the small particle precipitation filter screen and the large particle debris filter screen to flow into the liquid outlet faucet and flow out of the liquid outlet and enter the sample receiving container.
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| CN202110782722.7A CN113376001B (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and using method thereof |
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| CN202110782722.7A CN113376001B (en) | 2021-07-12 | 2021-07-12 | Phytoplankton sample impurity removing device and using method thereof |
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| US7258785B2 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2007-08-21 | Weir Robert K | Apparatus for separating oil and debris from water run-off |
| NZ585963A (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2012-05-25 | Lawrence William Hirst | A method and apparatus for recovery of suspended biological material |
| US20110179888A1 (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-07-28 | Bijan Danesh | Undisturbed soil and sediment sampling |
| CN106139691B (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2018-01-23 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | A kind of online pre-filtrating equipment of the nutrients in sea water of anti-halobios adhersion |
| CN106769380B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2019-03-05 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of phytoplankton scene separation and concentration method |
| CN106680063A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市鸿和达水利水环境有限公司 | Pretreatment device for zooplankton samples |
| CN206881298U (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2018-01-16 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | One kind sedimentation coastal waters phytoplankton device |
| CN108176132B (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2023-05-09 | 山东省淡水渔业研究院（山东省淡水渔业监测中心） | High silt removal and purification system and corresponding method for living plankton detection |
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2021
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