CN113373994A - Bridge foundation scouring monitoring system - Google Patents
Bridge foundation scouring monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113373994A CN113373994A CN202110756984.6A CN202110756984A CN113373994A CN 113373994 A CN113373994 A CN 113373994A CN 202110756984 A CN202110756984 A CN 202110756984A CN 113373994 A CN113373994 A CN 113373994A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a bridge foundation scouring monitoring system, which comprises: the device comprises an acquisition module, a sending module and an analysis module; the acquisition module and the analysis module are both connected with the sending module; the acquisition module is used for: emitting ultrasonic waves to the riverbed; receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by a riverbed; converting the echo ultrasonic waves into voltage signals, and transmitting the voltage signals to a sending module; the sending module is used for sending the voltage signal to the analysis module; the analysis module is used for calculating the scouring depth of the riverbed according to the voltage signal. The invention utilizes ultrasonic wave to realize the detection of the scour depth of the riverbed, the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is not influenced by external factors, compared with the prior fiber Bragg grating sensor for monitoring the scour depth, the invention has less influence by the environment and higher accuracy in measuring the scour depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bridge safety monitoring, in particular to a bridge foundation scouring monitoring system.
Background
China's territory has wide expanses, many inland rivers and long coastlines, and a considerable number of extreme flood disasters occur every year. The bridge piers and foundations of a large number of bridge projects crossing water areas are subjected to scouring of flood or ocean currents all year round, and the scouring is an important cause of water damage accidents of the bridge projects. The scouring of the bridge pier and the foundation is that flowing water forms a three-dimensional horseshoe-shaped eddy field around the foundation, and after a hollowing effect is generated on the foundation, the supporting boundary of the bridge foundation is weakened, so that the mechanical characteristics and the bearing capacity of the bridge are influenced, and even the bridge structure is directly collapsed. The previous research results show that the bridge water damage is the most main form of the bridge engineering structure damage in recent years. Therefore, it is very important to monitor the basic scouring condition of the bridge engineering in real time by adopting an applicable monitoring technology.
The existing bridge foundation scouring monitoring method has the characteristic of inaccurate measured data. When the fiber bragg grating sensor is used for measurement, the working principle of the sensor is based on embedded cantilever rod strain measurement, so that the cantilever rod needs to be embedded near a foundation below a river bed. The erosion depth is measured according to the deformation of the strain gauge caused by the erosion of the river bed by the strain gauge in the cantilever rod, but the cantilever rod is easily deformed by the impact of water flow or the impact of other floating objects, at the moment, even if the river bed is not eroded, the sensor still obtains an erosion depth, and the erosion depth of the river bed measured by the sensor is not accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bridge foundation scouring monitoring system, which improves the measurement accuracy of the scouring depth of a riverbed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a bridge foundation scour monitoring system comprising: the device comprises an acquisition module, a sending module and an analysis module; the acquisition module and the analysis module are both connected with the sending module;
the acquisition module is used for:
emitting ultrasonic waves to the riverbed;
receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by the riverbed;
converting the echo ultrasonic wave into a voltage signal and transmitting the voltage signal to the sending module;
the sending module is used for sending the voltage signal to the analysis module;
the analysis module is used for calculating the scouring depth of the riverbed according to the voltage signal.
Optionally, the collecting module includes: a high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer; the transmitting ultrasonic transducer, the receiving ultrasonic transducer and the sending module are all connected with the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector;
the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector is used for generating an excitation signal;
the transmitting ultrasonic transducer is used for generating the ultrasonic waves according to the excitation signals;
the receiving transducer is used for receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by the riverbed and converting the echo ultrasonic waves into voltage signals;
the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector is also used for receiving the voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the sending module.
Optionally, the bridge foundation scouring monitoring system further includes: the receiving and storing module is respectively connected with the sending module and the analyzing module;
the receiving and storing module is used for receiving and storing the voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the analyzing module.
Optionally, the bridge foundation scouring monitoring system further includes: a hazard identification module; the danger identification module is connected with the analysis module;
and the danger identification module is used for judging the basic scouring state of the bridge according to the scouring depth.
Optionally, the bridge foundation scouring monitoring system further includes: an early warning module; the early warning module is connected with the danger identification module;
the early warning module is used for making danger level early warning according to the basic scouring state of the bridge.
Optionally, the acquisition module is connected with the sending module through a sounding pipe.
Optionally, the acquisition module and the sending module are both arranged on a bridge.
Optionally, the analysis module includes: a receiving unit, an image generating unit and a calculating unit; the receiving unit, the image generating unit and the calculating unit are sequentially connected, and the receiving unit is connected with the sending module;
the receiving unit is used for receiving the voltage signal;
the image generation unit is used for generating a time-waveform amplitude map according to the voltage signal;
the calculating unit is used for obtaining the period of the voltage signal according to the time-voltage waveform diagram and calculating the scouring depth according to the period and the speed of the ultrasonic wave.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a bridge foundation scouring monitoring system, which comprises: the device comprises an acquisition module, a sending module and an analysis module; the acquisition module and the analysis module are both connected with the sending module; the acquisition module is used for: emitting ultrasonic waves to the riverbed; receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by a riverbed; converting the echo ultrasonic waves into voltage signals, and transmitting the voltage signals to a sending module; the sending module is used for sending the voltage signal to the analysis module; the analysis module is used for calculating the scouring depth of the riverbed according to the voltage signal. The invention utilizes ultrasonic wave to realize the detection of the scour depth of the riverbed, the propagation of the ultrasonic wave is not influenced by external factors, compared with the prior fiber Bragg grating sensor for monitoring the scour depth, the invention has less influence by the environment and higher accuracy in measuring the scour depth.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a bridge foundation scour monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of a bridge foundation scour monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a consolidation mode between an ultrasonic distance measuring device and a bridge pier of the bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural arrangement diagram of an ultrasonic distance measuring device of a bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a propagation diagram of ultrasonic waves during operation of the bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an ultrasonic distance measurement principle of a bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating ultrasonic ranging energy changes when the ultrasonic ranging energy is incident on a flat interface of the bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating ultrasonic ranging energy variation when the ultrasonic ranging energy is incident to a uniform uneven interface in the bridge foundation erosion monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an echo ultrasonic wave synthetic diagram of a bridge foundation scour monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a "peak value calculation method" of the bridge foundation scour monitoring system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the symbols: 1-original river bed surface, 2-scoured river bed surface, 3-foundation, 4-pier, 5-acquisition module, 6-sounding pipe, 7-cover beam, 8-fixed support, 9-sending module, 10-equipment box, 11-wireless communication network, 12-water surface, 13-remote monitoring center, 14-computer, 15-receiving and storing module, 16-analysis module, 17-danger identification module, 18-early warning module, 19-fixing screw, 20-coupling agent, 21-probe 1, 22-probe 2, 23-probe 3, 24-first measuring point, 25-second measuring point, 26-third measuring point, 27-fourth measuring point and 28-fifth measuring point.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a bridge foundation scouring monitoring system, aims to improve the measurement accuracy of the scouring depth of a riverbed, and can be applied to the technical field of bridge safety monitoring.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a bridge foundation scour monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the bridge foundation scour monitoring system in this embodiment includes: the device comprises an acquisition module 5, a sending module 9 and an analysis module 16; the acquisition module 5 and the analysis module 16 are both connected with the sending module 9.
The acquisition module 5 is used for:
emitting ultrasonic waves to the riverbed; receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by a riverbed; the echo ultrasonic waves are converted into voltage signals, and the voltage signals are transmitted to the transmitting module 9.
The sending module 9 is used for sending the voltage signal to the analyzing module 16.
The analysis module 16 is used for calculating the scouring depth of the riverbed according to the voltage signal.
As an alternative embodiment, the acquisition module 5 comprises: a high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer; the transmitting ultrasonic transducer, the receiving ultrasonic transducer and the sending module 9 are all connected with the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector.
A high frequency non-linear acoustic probe is used to generate the excitation signal.
The transmitting ultrasonic transducer is used for generating ultrasonic waves according to the excitation signal.
The receiving transducer is used for receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by the riverbed and converting the echo ultrasonic waves into voltage signals.
The high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector is also used for receiving the voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the sending module 9.
As an optional implementation manner, the bridge foundation scour monitoring system further includes: and the receiving and storing module is respectively connected with the sending module 9 and the analyzing module 16.
The receiving and storing module is configured to receive and store the voltage signal, and send the voltage signal to the analyzing module 16.
As an optional implementation manner, the bridge foundation scour monitoring system further includes: a hazard identification module 17; the risk detection module 17 is connected to the evaluation module 16.
And the danger identification module 17 is used for judging the basic scouring state of the bridge according to the scouring depth.
As an optional implementation manner, the bridge foundation scour monitoring system further includes: an early warning module 18; the early warning module 18 is connected to the danger identification module 17.
The early warning module 18 is used for making early warning of danger level according to the basic scouring state of the bridge.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 2-4, the collection module 5 and the transmission module 9 are connected through the sounding pipe 6.
As an alternative embodiment, the acquisition module 5 and the transmission module 9 are both arranged on the bridge.
Specifically, the bridge foundation 3 initial state is located former river bed face 1, along with the riverbed is erodeed, the foundation 3 is located on the riverbed face 2 after erodeing, send module 9 is located the equipment box 10 of bent cap 7 department, link to each other through sounding pipe 6 with the ultrasonic ranging probe 21 ~ 23 in the collection module 5, equipment box 10 is fixed with bent cap 7 through a set of fixed bolster 8 on, send module 9 links to each other through sounding pipe 6 with the ultrasonic ranging probe 21 ~ 23 in the collection module 5, and go out through wireless communication network 11 with the data transmission who gathers.
In this embodiment, the receiving and storing module and the analyzing module 16 are both installed on the computer 14, the receiving and storing module receives the data from the sending module 9 and stores the data in the background of the computer 14, and then the analyzing module 16 performs screening and processing analysis on the measured data to finally obtain the erosion depth and the erosion pit contour of the current bridge foundation 3.
In this embodiment, the danger identification module 17 and the early warning software module are both connected to the computer 14, and the danger identification module 17 determines whether the current bridge foundation scour state reaches a critical point and gives a determination result, and then the early warning software module gives a corresponding danger level early warning to reduce the occurrence of bridge scour water damage accidents.
In this embodiment, the ultrasonic monitoring system is installed on the structure of the actual bridge engineering, and the remote monitoring analysis system and the danger early warning system are both installed in the monitoring room of the remote monitoring center 13.
In this embodiment, the whole set of bridge foundation 3 scouring real-time monitoring system can be operated remotely from data acquisition to early warning by early warning software, so that the purpose of monitoring the scouring condition of the bridge foundation 3 in real time is really realized, and early warning is timely given.
Fig. 5 is a propagation diagram of ultrasonic waves when the bridge foundation scour monitoring system provided by the embodiment of the invention works. As shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic view of a specific distance measuring principle of the ultrasonic distance measuring device in this embodiment, the ultrasonic distance measuring device is vertically fixed at a proper position below the water surface 12 at the position of the pier 4 or the front wall of the abutment; by extracting the echo time of the first measurement point 24, one can obtain: the depth of the first measuring point 24, Z is 1/2vt, where Z is the depth of the first measuring point 24, v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water (v is 1480m/s), and t is the time between the start wave and the echo of the first measuring point 24. And similarly, the distance from the second measuring point 25 to the fifth measuring point 28 to the probe can be calculated, and the measured approximate contour of the flushing pit can be obtained from the measurement data of the first measuring point to the fifth measuring point 24-28.
As an alternative embodiment, the analysis module 16 includes: a receiving unit, an image generating unit and a calculating unit; the receiving unit, the image generating unit and the calculating unit are connected in sequence, and the receiving unit is connected with the sending module 9.
The receiving unit is used for receiving the voltage signal.
The image generation unit is used for generating a time-waveform amplitude map according to the voltage signal.
And the calculating unit is used for obtaining the period of the voltage signal according to the time-voltage waveform diagram and calculating the scouring depth according to the period and the speed of the ultrasonic wave.
The principle of each module is described in detail below:
in actual use, the bridge foundation scouring monitoring system comprises an ultrasonic monitoring subsystem, a remote monitoring and analyzing subsystem and a danger early warning subsystem.
The ultrasonic monitoring subsystem is composed of an acquisition module 5 and a sending module 9, the remote monitoring analysis subsystem is composed of a receiving storage module and an analysis module 16, and the danger early warning subsystem is composed of a danger identification module 17 and an early warning module 18. The remote monitoring and analyzing subsystem and the danger early warning subsystem are both arranged on the computer 14 and are equivalent to a black box module. The ultrasonic monitoring subsystem is installed on the structure of the actual bridge engineering, and the remote monitoring analysis subsystem and the danger early warning subsystem are both installed in a monitoring room of the remote monitoring center 13.
The acquisition module 5 is a set of ultrasonic distance measuring devices which are arranged at proper positions below the water surface 12 at the positions of the bridge piers 4 or the front wall of the bridge abutment. This ultrasonic ranging device is for including: the ultrasonic transducer comprises a high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer, wherein the transmitting ultrasonic transducer and the receiving ultrasonic transducer are self-transmitting-self-receiving ultrasonic transducers. The working principle of the acquisition module 5 is as follows: and collecting reflected wave information according to reflection and transmission phenomena generated by the ultrasonic waves on interfaces with different acoustic impedances so as to measure the scouring depth. According to p ═ ρ cu, when the sound pressure p is the same, the particle vibration velocity u becomes smaller as ρ c increases; conversely, when ρ c is smaller, u is larger, where ρ c is the acoustic impedance of the medium, denoted by the symbol Z, the acoustic properties of the medium can be directly expressed in terms of acoustic impedance.
The reflection and transmission of ultrasonic waves at the boundary between two different media is affected by the acoustic impedance of the two media. When the ultrasonic waves vertically enter an interface between two media, some energy can directly enter a second medium and is in the same direction as the propagation direction of incident waves to form transmitted waves; another part of the energy is reflected at the interface and becomes a reflected wave in the opposite direction to the incident wave propagation direction. r is the acoustic pressure P of the reflected waverAnd incident wave sound pressure P0The ratio of the two is called the sound pressure reflectance; t is transmitted wave sound pressure PtAnd incident wave sound pressure P0The ratio of the transmission to the transmission is called sound pressure transmission. r and t can be expressed as:
wherein Z is1、Z2Respectively, the acoustic impedances of the two media, for characterizing the acoustic properties of the media.
The sound intensity reflectivity R and the sound intensity transmissivity T can well represent the energy relationship between the reflected wave and the transmitted wave. Reflected acoustic intensity I for RrAnd incident wave intensity I0Expressed by the ratio of (A) to (B); transmitted wave sound intensity I for TtAnd incident wave intensity I0The ratio of (d) is expressed as:
it can be seen that when the acoustic impedance of the interface where the ultrasonic wave is vertically incident is greatly different, the absolute value of r approaches to 1 infinitely, which indicates that the sound pressure is almost totally reflected at the interface; when r is larger than 0, the phases of two sound pressures of the reflected wave and the incident wave are consistent; when r is less than 0, the sound pressure phase of the reflected wave and the incident wave is different by 180 degrees. Therefore, when the ultrasonic distance measuring device developed according to the above principle works, the high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector sends an excitation signal to the transmitting ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic transducer converts the excitation signal into an ultrasonic wave for a test object (i.e. a riverbed for placing the bridge foundation 3), the test object reflects the ultrasonic wave to be received by the receiving ultrasonic transducer based on different interface properties, the receiving ultrasonic transducer converts the received ultrasonic wave signal into a voltage signal (the voltage signal contains measurement information compared with the excitation signal and changes in peak value compared with the excitation signal) to be transmitted to the high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, the high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector records the excitation signal and the propagation time (the ultrasonic distance measuring device contains a timer, the timing is started from the sending of the excitation signal to the end of the timing after the receiving of the voltage signal is stabilized, namely the propagation time), and transmitted to the transmitting module 9 through the sounding pipe 6.
The distance measurement principle is shown in fig. 6, where H in fig. 6 is the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer, and the actual distance to be measured is D. D ═ Lcos [ arctan (H/2L) ], 2L ═ vt'.
Wherein, L is the actual distance from the transmitting transducer to the reflecting point, t' is the propagation time, v is the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave in the water, and the propagation speed is calculated by an acoustic propagation speed calculation formula considering the temperature of the liquid. The temperature sensor is integrated in the transducer and connected with the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, and when a pulse signal is sent out, the pulse signal can take the temperature into consideration to excite the corresponding transducer to generate sound velocity with corresponding magnitude. Because transmitting transducer and receiving transducer formula as an organic whole, H ≈ 0, can get:
D≈Lcos0＝L＝vt'。
where v is large due to temperature influence, and sound velocity propagation under the ambient temperature condition is considered, this time is expressed as: v 1557-0.00255(74-T')2And T' is the temperature of the medium water (i.e. ambient temperature) in degrees Celsius.
The sending module 9 is located in an equipment box 10 at the position of the cover beam 7, the equipment box 10 is fixed on the cover beam 7 through a group of fixing supports 8, the sending module 9 is connected with an ultrasonic ranging probe in the acquisition module 5 through the sounding pipe 6, and acquired voltage signals are sent out through the wireless communication network 11.
The receiving and storing module is installed in the computer 14, and the storing module receives the data (voltage signal) from the sending module 9 and stores the data in the background of the computer 14, and then sends the data to the analyzing module 16 for screening, processing and analyzing the measured data.
An analysis module 16 is installed in the computer 14, and the function of the module is mainly to process the obtained voltage signal and obtain the scouring depth. The processing procedure adopts a peak value calculation method to calculate the scouring depth, and comprises the following steps:
the voltage (i.e., voltage signal) of the receiving ultrasonic transducer converting the received echo ultrasonic wave into a pulse signal is:
wherein, P is incident wave sound pressure; h is the sensitivity of the self-emitting-self-receiving transducer; λ is the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave; v is the excitation signal voltage, t0The moment when the transmitting transducer emits ultrasonic waves; h is the distance between a measuring point and a self-emitting-self-receiving transducer probe; kappa is the wave number; w (h) is a solid angle formed by the surface of an object within h to a probe of the self-emitting-self-receiving transducer, W (h) in the integrand is a discontinuous function, and the expression of the voltage signal can be simplified as follows:
wherein E isgIs a single g-th discontinuity signal like a pulse, g being w (h). The voltage signal is composed of a large number of dispersed image pulse vectors.
As shown in fig. 7, the ultrasonic wave forms an acoustic spot (the intersection of the cone and the interface, i.e. the great circle in fig. 7) with the measured interface, and the central image of the acoustic spot has the highest pulse energy and is the main spot region (i.e. the black part in fig. 7). When the ultrasonic waves are incident to the flat interface, the ultrasonic detection distances of all points in the main spot area are nearly the same, so that all echo ultrasonic waves in the main spot area are formed almost at the same time, and the measurement distance result can be obtained by calculating the distance between the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducer and the echo ultrasonic waves and the phase point through the calculation module.
As shown in FIG. 8, when the ultrasonic wave is incident on the inclined plane, the point E located in the main spot area is the closest point to the probe of the transmitting ultrasonic transducer (because the distance between the point and the vertical line is the shortest), and the arrival time t of the ultrasonic wave is the shortesteAt a minimum, then on the re-slope in the order of the direction E → S → P → F → B at t > teTo various places within the main spot area. Because the interface is a uniform uneven interface, when the ultrasonic wave reaches the main spot area in turn along the emission direction, the like pulses E with uniform generation time intervals are determined according to the propagation property of the acoustic wave in the mediumm(m＝e1,e2,e3.., S, P, F), the overlapping of these pulses forms an echo ultrasound wave with a shape similar to a plane, the resulting shape being related to the width and phase difference of each phase pulse (echo ultrasound wave). Points E and B in fig. 8 are farthest from the central axis, are located at the outermost periphery of the main spot area, and the incident wave sound intensity is small. P is the intersection of the central axis and the inclined plane, where the sound pressure Pp is relatively large. However, since the inclination and direction curve (i.e., the curve of the range of the ultrasonic wave reaching the measurement interface region) is elliptical (i.e., the range of the ultrasonic wave measurement is elliptical), the point P is not the intersection of the direction curves contacting the main spot region and the inclined surface, but is a point S close to the point P (as can be seen from fig. 8, the point S is closer to the ultrasonic transducer than the point P). This means that the maximum pressure point of the sound wave is the S point, i.e. P pointS. The ultrasonic wave of the echo is continuously returned to the inclined plane within a period of time, and a series of image pulses E exist in the EP sectione，Ee1，Ee2，……，ES. In the E → F process, as the distance h of the probe increases, the pulse point also approaches the S point. In other words, the incident pressure will continue to increase, so that the resultant image pulse intensity will also continue to increase, i.e. within the ES segment: ee＜Ee1＜Ee2＜......＜ES。
From the above, the point S is where the sound pressure of the main spot area is the largest, and in the SP segment, the incident wave sound pressure shows a descending trend. However, because the point P is located on the central axis, the drop of the sound pressure of the incident wave is very slow, and the high-frequency component of the sound wave is rapidly enhanced at the point P, so that the trend of the drop of the sound pressure of the SP section is compensated. Therefore, the composite waveform formed by the superposition of the image pulses formed on the slope of E → S → P always maintains the rising trend, and constitutes the rising front edge of the echo.
After point P, in the direction of P → F, the incident wave sound pressure PoWill rapidly decrease and will be as far away from the probe as the pulse is generated (o ═ P, P1，P2… …, F), the reduction in sound pressure and the increasing distance h from the probe cause the amplitude of the image pulses formed in the PF section to decrease rapidly and to increase with decreasing amplitude such that the image pulses are from E in the PF sectionPEffective image pulse E rapidly reduced to minimumF. Therefore, in the PF section: eP＞EP1＞EP2＞......＞EF. The trailing edge of the echo ultrasonic wave is at EPAnd the later descending section forms an image pulse and then synthesizes the image pulse to ensure that the original echo ultrasonic wave is converted into descending. The transmitting pulse of the probe is ultrasonic waves with steep front and narrow bottom, but when the detected interface is a slope, the composite is a 'triangle' with wider bottom, as shown in fig. 9, and the shape of the echo ultrasonic wave and the transmitted ultrasonic wave are different. P is the measured point, which is the point where the center line of the ultrasonic transducer probe intersects with the plane of the inclined plane. According to the above-mentioned image pulse theory, in the image pulse EPBefore the occurrence, an image pulse E is formed in the EP segmente，Ee1，Ee2，……，ES，EPThe result of the superposition of the two echoes is that the amplitude of the echo rises all the time, E after PP1，EP2The amplitude of the isopleth pulse is continuously reduced, and the signal intensity of the ultrasonic wave of the synthesized echo is controlled from EPThe peak value of the probe is changed from rising to falling, namely the image pulse peak value at the point P appears at the point E, so when the sound wave is incident on the inclined plane, two same-phase points when the distance from the probe to the point P is calculated can select a transmitting pulse amplitude peak value point and a pulse amplitude peak value point of an echo wave, namely the point EPAs shown in fig. 10.
Based on the algorithm, a corresponding calculation program is programmed, and the calculation program automatically calculates the scouring depth corresponding to the voltage signal at a certain moment and transmits the scouring depth to the danger identification module 17 in real time.
The danger identification module 17 is connected with the computer 14, the danger identification module 17 prestores a bridge structure bearing capacity-scouring depth risk curve, and the risk curve is obtained by calculating the structure according to historical data by using finite element software. Dividing the corresponding bridge state into three intervals according to the risk curve, namely: safety, warning, danger three states. The scouring depth obtained by the analysis module 16 is used for comparing the structural bearing capacity corresponding to the current scouring depth in the risk curve so as to judge the current bridge foundation scouring state.
The early warning software module is connected with the danger identification module 17, and after the danger identification module 17 obtains the bridge foundation scouring state, the early warning software module makes corresponding danger level early warning. Under the three early warning prompts, a bridge management department takes necessary measures for the bridge, and vehicles continue to pass under the condition of safety early warning; under the condition of warning and early warning, only allowing the vehicles needing emergency assistance to pass, and forbidding the rest vehicles to pass; under the condition of danger early warning, the bridge is completely closed, so that more property loss caused by bridge scouring accidents is reduced.
The whole process from data acquisition to early warning by early warning software of the bridge foundation 3 scouring real-time monitoring system can be operated in a remote control room, and the purpose of monitoring the scouring condition of the bridge foundation 3 in real time is really realized.
The concrete monitoring method of the bridge foundation scouring monitoring system comprises the following steps:
and S1, installing and arranging an ultrasonic monitoring subsystem consisting of an acquisition module 5 and a sending module 9.
Specifically, the acquisition module 5 is fixed at a proper position below the water surface 12 at the position of the pier 4 or the front wall of the pier through a fixing screw 19 so as to realize the short-distance monitoring of the terrain around the foundation 3 and the specific space positioning of each measuring point, and after the monitoring data of each measuring point is obtained, the terrain around the foundation 3 can be better obtained according to the detailed space positioning.
S2, debugging the ultrasonic monitoring subsystem according to the actual situation at the bridge site, wherein the debugging process comprises remotely exciting an ultrasonic ranging probe in the acquisition module 5 below the water surface 12, transmitting 200kHz ultrasonic waves, observing whether the echo peak value is continuous under the frequency condition, and adopting the frequency ultrasonic waves if the echo is clear; and if the echo is not clear, adjusting the ultrasonic frequency until a clear echo signal is obtained.
S3, the suitable ultrasonic waves are used to probe the topography surrounding the underwater foundation 3 and the acquired data is passed to the transmission module 9 in the equipment box 10.
Specifically, ultrasonic ranging device is the three-column body, and the three bottom surface of 19 fixing device of set screw for the ultrasonic ranging probe, and the device is inside to be full of and to fill couplant 20, and the device can play fine guard action, avoids ultrasonic probe or transducer to receive the measuring error that debris impact brought in the water influences, can guarantee that the probe still can realize effectual monitoring under complicated hydrology condition (when the flood outbreak).
S4, after the sending module 9 receives the data from the collecting module 5, the sending module transmits the data to the corresponding receiving module through the wireless communication network 11.
S5, the receiving and storing module of the remote monitoring center 13 receives the corresponding data, and transmits the data to the background of the corresponding computer 14 for data storage.
S6, the analysis module 16 installed on the computer 14 performs data processing. The analysis module 16 processes the following steps:
firstly, processing the graph by adopting a peak value calculation method and calculating to obtain the scouring depth:
the peak value calculation method converts the echo pulse signal into a time-waveform amplitude diagram, the diagram is a periodic waveform diagram, and the wave speed of the ultrasonic wave multiplied by one half period is the point flushing depth.
And secondly, the scouring depth is transmitted to a danger identification module 17 to obtain the bearing state of the bridge structure.
And S7, the danger identification module 17 judges according to the preset relationship between the scouring depth of the foundation 3 and the bearing capacity of the bridge, and when the scouring depth of the foundation 3 reaches different critical points, the early warning software module gives corresponding danger grade early warning to reduce the occurrence of bridge scouring water damage accidents.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are presented solely to aid in the understanding of the apparatus and its core concepts; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A bridge foundation scour monitoring system, comprising: the device comprises an acquisition module, a sending module and an analysis module; the acquisition module and the analysis module are both connected with the sending module;
the acquisition module is used for:
emitting ultrasonic waves to the riverbed;
receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by the riverbed;
converting the echo ultrasonic wave into a voltage signal and transmitting the voltage signal to the sending module;
the sending module is used for sending the voltage signal to the analysis module;
the analysis module is used for calculating the scouring depth of the riverbed according to the voltage signal.
2. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the acquisition module comprises: a high frequency nonlinear acoustic detector, a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer; the transmitting ultrasonic transducer, the receiving ultrasonic transducer and the sending module are all connected with the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector;
the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector is used for generating an excitation signal;
the transmitting ultrasonic transducer is used for generating the ultrasonic waves according to the excitation signals;
the receiving transducer is used for receiving echo ultrasonic waves reflected by the riverbed and converting the echo ultrasonic waves into voltage signals;
the high-frequency nonlinear acoustic detector is also used for receiving the voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the sending module.
3. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising: the receiving and storing module is respectively connected with the sending module and the analyzing module;
the receiving and storing module is used for receiving and storing the voltage signal and sending the voltage signal to the analyzing module.
4. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, further comprising: a hazard identification module; the danger identification module is connected with the analysis module;
and the danger identification module is used for judging the basic scouring state of the bridge according to the scouring depth.
5. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 4, further comprising: an early warning module; the early warning module is connected with the danger identification module;
the early warning module is used for making danger level early warning according to the basic scouring state of the bridge.
6. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the collection module is connected to the transmission module by an acoustic pipe.
7. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the acquisition module and the transmission module are both disposed on a bridge.
8. The bridge foundation scour monitoring system of claim 1, wherein the analysis module comprises: a receiving unit, an image generating unit and a calculating unit; the receiving unit, the image generating unit and the calculating unit are sequentially connected, and the receiving unit is connected with the sending module;
the receiving unit is used for receiving the voltage signal;
the image generation unit is used for generating a time-waveform amplitude map according to the voltage signal;
the calculating unit is used for obtaining the period of the voltage signal according to the time-voltage waveform diagram and calculating the scouring depth according to the period and the speed of the ultrasonic wave.
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| CN117804371A (en) * | 2024-02-29 | 2024-04-02 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | Photoelectric type bridge substructure scouring monitoring device, early warning method and system |
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