CN113373294A - Heat treatment process of high-chromium alloy cast ball - Google Patents
Heat treatment process of high-chromium alloy cast ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN113373294A CN113373294A CN202110434698.8A CN202110434698A CN113373294A CN 113373294 A CN113373294 A CN 113373294A CN 202110434698 A CN202110434698 A CN 202110434698A CN 113373294 A CN113373294 A CN 113373294A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
- C21D5/04—Heat treatments of cast-iron of white cast-iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
- C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-chromium alloy cast balls, in particular to a heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball, which comprises the following steps: (1) casting and molding; (2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample for 1.5-2h at the temperature of 580-640 ℃, then heating to the temperature of 800-850 ℃ at a certain rate, and preserving the temperature for 1-2h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample; (3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 950-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, cooling to below 350 ℃, taking out again and air-cooling to 120-180 ℃; (4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 380-420 ℃ for 4-5h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat-preservation pit for 6-8h to obtain a high-chromium alloy cast ball; according to the invention, the high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is pretreated, so that the quenching hardness is improved, the austenite content is reduced, and the wear resistance of the high-chromium alloy cast ball is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-chromium alloy cast balls, in particular to a heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball.
Background
High chromium alloy cast balls (high chromium white cast iron grinding balls, high chromium steel balls) are simply called high chromium balls. Most domestic wear-resistant material enterprises take a medium-frequency electric furnace as a main body and smelt reasonably matched high-quality scrap steel and chromium alloy materials; and carrying out microalloying treatment and tempering on the molten iron; then a unique metal mold and sand mold casting molding process is added; and then the martensite matrix is obtained after high-temperature quenching and tempering treatment so as to achieve higher hardness and wear resistance.
In the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball in the prior art, the high-chromium alloy cast ball is not pretreated before quenching, so that the quenching hardness is reduced, and during quenching, only single-section quenching is carried out on the high-chromium alloy cast ball, so that the quality of the high-chromium alloy cast ball is influenced. Therefore, we propose a heat treatment process for high chromium alloy cast ball.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball, so as to overcome the problems mentioned in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.2 to 3.5 percent of C, 18.2 to 19.6 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Cu0.1 to 0.6 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample for 1.5-2h at the temperature of 580-640 ℃, then heating to the temperature of 800-850 ℃ at a certain rate, and preserving the temperature for 1-2h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample;
(3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 950-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, cooling to below 350 ℃, taking out again and air-cooling to 120-180 ℃;
(4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 380-420 ℃ for 4-5h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat-preservation pit for 6-8h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
Preferably, the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0 percent of C, 18.7 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
Preferably, in the step (1), the temperature rise rate of the high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is 50-60 ℃/h.
Preferably, in the step (2), when the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is immersed in quenching oil for cooling, the quenching oil is continuously stirred.
Preferably, the quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant.
Preferably, the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the quenching oil is as follows: and (3) putting the mineral oil, the ethylene-propylene copolymer and the antioxidant into an electric heating stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the quenching oil.
Preferably, the quenching oil is stirred at the rotating speed of 300-400r/min for 20-30min at the temperature of 65-75 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is pretreated, the sample is subjected to heat preservation for 1.5h at 580 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 800 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out for 1h, through the treatment, the structure is uniform, the alloy elements dissolved in martensite are increased, and the residual austenite is easy to transform to the martensite, so that the quenching hardness is improved, the austenite content is reduced, and the wear resistance of the high-chromium alloy cast ball is also improved;
the method is used for carrying out sectional quenching aiming at different temperature sections, adopts air cooling above 700 ℃, adopts quenching oil cooling below 350-; wherein, the ethylene-propylene copolymer is selected for the quenching oil, which can form an adsorption film on the surface of the high-chromium alloy cast ball and improve the cooling rate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.2 percent of C, 18.2 percent of Cr, 0.4 percent of Mo, 0.2 percent of Si, 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.1 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample at 580 ℃ for 1.5h in advance, raising the temperature to 800 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample;
(3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 950 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, continuously stirring the quenching oil during the process, taking out again after the temperature is reduced to below 350 ℃, and air-cooling to 120 ℃;
(4) and (4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 380 ℃ for 4h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat preservation pit for 6h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant; the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1; the preparation method of the quenching oil comprises the following steps: mineral oil, ethylene-propylene copolymer and antioxidant are put into an electric heating stirrer, and stirred for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain quenching oil.
Example 2
A heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0 percent of C, 18.7 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample at 600 ℃ for 2h in advance, raising the temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 50 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample;
(3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, continuously stirring the quenching oil during the process, taking out again after the temperature is reduced to below 350 ℃, and air-cooling to 120 ℃;
(4) and (4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 380 ℃ for 4h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat preservation pit for 6h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant; the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1; the preparation method of the quenching oil comprises the following steps: mineral oil, ethylene-propylene copolymer and antioxidant are put into an electric heating stirrer, and stirred for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain quenching oil.
Example 3
A heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.5 percent of C, 19.6 percent of Cr, 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.7 percent of Si, 0.6 percent of Cu, 0.6 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample at 600 ℃ for 2h in advance, raising the temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 2h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample;
(3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, continuously stirring the quenching oil during the process, taking out again after the temperature is reduced to below 350 ℃, and air-cooling to 180 ℃;
(4) and (4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 420 ℃ for 5h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat preservation pit for 8h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant; the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1; the preparation method of the quenching oil comprises the following steps: mineral oil, ethylene-propylene copolymer and antioxidant are put into an electric heating stirrer, and stirred for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain quenching oil.
Comparative example 1
A heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0 percent of C, 18.7 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) heating the cast and molded high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, continuously stirring the quenching oil during the process, cooling the temperature to below 350 ℃, taking out again and air-cooling to 120 ℃;
(3) and (3) tempering the product obtained in the step (2) at 380 ℃ for 4h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat preservation pit for 6h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant; the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1; the preparation method of the quenching oil comprises the following steps: mineral oil, ethylene-propylene copolymer and antioxidant are put into an electric heating stirrer, and stirred for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain quenching oil.
Comparative example 2
A heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0 percent of C, 18.7 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) heating the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out and air-cooling to 120 ℃;
(3) and (3) tempering the product obtained in the step (2) at 380 ℃ for 4h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat preservation pit for 6h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
The quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant; the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and the diphenylamine are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2: 1; the preparation method of the quenching oil comprises the following steps: mineral oil, ethylene-propylene copolymer and antioxidant are put into an electric heating stirrer, and stirred for 25min at the rotating speed of 350r/min at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain quenching oil.
Performance detection
1. The test method comprises the following steps: the performance tests of the high chromium alloy cast balls in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were carried out according to the GB/T8263-1999 standard, and the test specimens were unnotched test specimens of 10X 55mm pairs. Specific detection results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Performance test
| Group of | Hardness HRC | Impact value (J/cm)2) |
| Example 1 | 64 | 3.5 |
| Example 2 | 66 | 3.6 |
| Example 3 | 65 | 3.5 |
| Comparison ofExample 1 | 55 | 2.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 58 | 3.1 |
From the above table, the high chromium alloy casting balls in comparative examples 1 and 2 have reduced performance compared to the high chromium alloy casting balls in examples 1-3, indicating that the sample pretreatment and the staged cooling in the examples are advantageous for enhancing the quality of the high chromium alloy casting balls.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball is characterized in that the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.2 to 3.5 percent of C, 18.2 to 19.6 percent of Cr, 0.4 to 0.8 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.7 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Cu, 0.1 to 0.6 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe; the heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials calculated according to the proportion into an electric furnace for high-temperature smelting, and then casting and molding;
(2) preserving the temperature of the cast high-chromium alloy cast ball sample for 1.5-2h at the temperature of 580-640 ℃, then heating to the temperature of 800-850 ℃ at a certain rate, and preserving the temperature for 1-2h to obtain a pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample;
(3) heating the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample to 950-1000 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4h, taking out and air-cooling to 700 ℃, immersing the air-cooled pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample into quenching oil, cooling to below 350 ℃, taking out again and air-cooling to 120-180 ℃;
(4) tempering the product obtained in the step (3) at 380-420 ℃ for 4-5h, and slowly cooling the tempered product in a heat-preservation pit for 6-8h to obtain the high-chromium alloy cast ball.
2. The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball according to claim 1, wherein the high-chromium alloy cast ball comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3.0 percent of C, 18.7 percent of Cr, 0.6 percent of Mo, 0.5 percent of Si, 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, and the balance of Fe.
3. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium alloy cast ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the temperature rise rate of the high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is 50-60 ℃/h.
4. The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the pretreated high-chromium alloy cast ball sample is immersed in quenching oil for cooling, and the quenching oil is continuously stirred during the process.
5. The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball according to claim 1, wherein the quenching oil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 90% of mineral oil, 8% of ethylene-propylene copolymer and 2% of antioxidant.
6. The heat treatment process of a high-chromium alloy cast ball according to claim 5, wherein the antioxidant comprises diisobutylene and diphenylamine, and the diisobutylene and diphenylamine are mixed in a mass ratio of 2: 1.
7. The heat treatment process of the high-chromium alloy cast ball as claimed in claim 5, wherein the quenching oil is prepared by the following steps: and (3) putting the mineral oil, the ethylene-propylene copolymer and the antioxidant into an electric heating stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain the quenching oil.
8. The heat treatment process for the high-chromium alloy cast ball as claimed in claim 7, wherein the quenching oil is stirred at a rotation speed of 300-400r/min for 20-30min at 65-75 ℃.
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