CN107974639B - High-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball and a preparation method thereof, relating to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, wherein the steel ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.4 to 0.6 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Cr, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of V, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Ta, 0.18 to 0.35 percent of Nb, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of smelting, pouring and heat treatment; the invention optimizes the proportion of each element in the alloy, has reasonable formula, mutual synergistic effect among the elements and uniform matrix structure, obtains a microstructure mainly comprising martensite, and the prepared wear-resistant steel ball has excellent hardness, impact toughness and corrosion resistance, good wear resistance, high hardness HRC (Rockwell hardness) of more than or equal to 50 and impact toughness aK (intrinsic modulus) of more than or equal to 28J/cm2。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant materials, in particular to a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball and a preparation method thereof.
Background
A wear-resistant steel ball is a grinding medium used in a ball mill, is used for grinding materials in a mill, and is a consumable. At present, the wear-resistant steel ball is widely applied to industrial production of metallurgy, mineral separation, building materials, chemical industry, electric power and the like. The consumption of the steel balls in each year in the world is 3000-5000 ten thousand tons, wherein the consumption of the steel balls in China is 300-500 ten thousand tons, which is a large country for consuming the steel balls. The service life of the wear-resistant steel ball directly affects the labor productivity, so the wear-resistant steel ball is required to have both sufficient strength and hardness and good impact toughness. In the prior art, the wear-resistant steel balls are mainly divided into three types: forging steel balls, casting steel balls, and hot rolling steel balls. The cast steel balls are mainly chromium-based alloys and manganese-based alloys, such as high-chromium steel balls, low-chromium steel balls, multi-element alloy steel balls, vanadium-titanium-chromium alloy steel balls and the like, and have the defects of poor impact toughness and poor wear resistance in the using process.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.4 to 0.6 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Cr, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of V, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Ta, 0.18 to 0.35 percent of Nb, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the chemical components comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 0.48 to 0.55 percent of C, 0.95 to 1.12 percent of Si, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of Mn0.5 to 2.8 percent of Cr, 0.22 to 0.30 percent of Mo, 0.22 to 0.27 percent of V, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.34 to 0.42 percent of Cu, 0.20 to 0.26 percent of Ta, 0.24 to 0.30 percent of Nb, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of B, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, in the chemical composition, the weight percentages of Al, Si, Ni, and Cr satisfy the following relation: Al/Si + Ni/Cr is more than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.15.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chrome steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a preheated smelting furnace, heating to 1460-;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1390-;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 950-.
Preferably, in the S1, the preheating temperature of the smelting furnace is 500-600 ℃.
Preferably, in the S3, the temperature is raised to 620-640 ℃ at a rate of 120-140 ℃/h, then the temperature is raised to 880-900 ℃ at a rate of 90-100 ℃, and then the temperature is raised to 950-970 ℃ at a rate of 80 ℃.
Preferably, in S3, the temperature is raised to 240-260 ℃ at a rate of 100-120 ℃/h for tempering treatment.
Has the advantages that: the invention ensures the integral hardness and toughness of the material by controlling the content of C, reasonably proportioning Mn and Si, and properly adding Nb, improves the overheating sensitivity and the tempering stability of the material while strengthening the matrix, further improves the hardenability of the material by the synergistic action of Mo and Cu, reduces the content of Cr by adding Ni, and improves the strength and the hardness of the steel by matching B, Mo, V and Ta by refining crystal grains, improves the hardenability, promotes the formation of martensite in the water quenching process, improves the tempering stability and improves the impact toughness, thereby improving the strength and the hardness of the steel, not only can improve the strength and the toughness of the material and also obviously improve the corrosion resistance of the material by controlling the addition amount of Cu, but also optimizes the synergistic coordination action among the elements and improves the hardenability of the material, and the weight percentages of Al, Si, Ni and Cr meet the relational expression that Al/Si + Ni/Cr is more than or equal to 0.11, and is less than or equal to 0.15, improving toughness, enhancing corrosion resistance, heating in a step heating mode in the heat treatment process, being beneficial to solid solution strengthening and refining strengthening of Ta, and improving the transformation of super-cooled austenite into martensiteThe stability of the steel ball is improved, the hardenability of the material is increased, the matrix structure is homogenized after tempering treatment to obtain a microstructure mainly comprising martensite, and the prepared wear-resistant steel ball has good hardness, impact toughness and corrosion resistance, good wear resistance, the hardness HRC is more than or equal to 50, and the impact toughness aK is more than or equal to 28J/cm2。
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.4% of C, 1.2% of Si, 0.7% of Mn, 3.0% of Cr, 0.15% of Mo, 0.3% of V, 0.08% of Ni, 0.5% of Cu, 0.15% of Ta0.15%, 0.35% of Nb, 0.04% of B, 0.12% of Al, 0.035% of P, 0.035% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chrome steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a smelting furnace preheated to 500 ℃, heating to 1460 ℃, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, nickel plates, aluminum ingots, copper, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium after molten steel is molten, adding ferrotantalum and ferroboron after raw materials are molten, heating to 1550 ℃, adjusting each element component in steel, and slagging off;
s2, pouring: pouring the molten steel cooled to 1390 ℃ into a mould for forming, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and removing burrs and flashes to obtain a wear-resistant steel ball blank;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 620 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, heating to 880 ℃ at the speed of 90 ℃, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to room temperature, putting the steel ball blank into the electric furnace, heating at the speed of 100 ℃/h for tempering treatment, keeping the tempering temperature at 240 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball blank.
Example 2
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.55% of C, 0.95% of Si, 0.90% of Mn, 2.5% of Cr, 0.30% of Mo, 0.22% of V, 0.15% of Ni, 0.34% of Cu, 0.26% of Ta0.26%, 0.24% of Nb, 0.10% of B, 0.06% of Al, 0.025% of P, 0.03% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chromium steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a smelting furnace preheated to 550 ℃, heating to 1470 ℃, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, nickel plates, aluminum ingots, copper, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium after molten steel is molten, adding ferrotantalum and ferroboron after raw materials are molten, heating to 1560 ℃, adjusting each element component in the steel, and slagging off;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1400 ℃ into a mold for molding, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and removing burrs and flashes to obtain a wear-resistant steel ball blank;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 625 ℃ at the speed of 120 ℃/h, then heating to 885 ℃ at the speed of 95 ℃, then heating to 955 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, quenching by water cooling, cooling to room temperature, then putting the steel ball blank into the electric furnace, heating to temper at the speed of 110 ℃/h, keeping the temper temperature at 245 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball blank.
Example 3
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.52% of C, 1.04% of Si, 0.86% of Mn, 2.78% of Cr, 0.28% of Mo, 0.24% of V, 0.12% of Ni, 0.38% of Cu, 0.22% of Ta, 0.27% of Nb, 0.07% of B, 0.08% of Al, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chromium steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a smelting furnace preheated to 550 ℃, heating to 1480 ℃, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, nickel plates, aluminum ingots, copper, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium after molten steel is molten, adding ferrotantalum and ferroboron after raw materials are molten, heating to 1570 ℃, adjusting each element component in steel, and slagging off;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1410 ℃ into a mold for molding, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and removing burrs and flashes to obtain a wear-resistant steel ball blank;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 630 ℃ at the speed of 130 ℃/h, then heating to 890 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃, then heating to 960 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3h, carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to room temperature, then putting the steel ball blank into the electric furnace, heating at the speed of 110 ℃/h for tempering treatment, keeping the tempering temperature at 250 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball blank.
Example 4
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.46% of C, 0.95% of Si, 0.88% of Mn, 2.45% of Cr, 0.22% of Mo, 0.25% of V, 0.15% of Ni, 0.32% of Cu, 0.18% of Ta, 0.28% of Nb, 0.09% of B, 0.05% of Al, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which is the same as the embodiment 3.
Example 5
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.48% of C, 1.12% of Si, 0.80% of Mn, 2.8% of Cr, 0.22% of Mo, 0.27% of V, 0.10% of Ni, 0.42% of Cu, 0.20% of Ta0.20%, 0.30% of Nb, 0.06% of B, 0.10% of Al, 0.02% of P, 0.01% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chrome steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a smelting furnace preheated to 600 ℃, heating to 1480 ℃, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, nickel plates, aluminum ingots, copper, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium after molten steel is molten, adding ferrotantalum and ferroboron after raw materials are molten, heating to 1550 ℃, adjusting each element component in steel, and slagging off;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1420 ℃ into a mold for molding, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and removing burrs and flashes to obtain a wear-resistant steel ball blank;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 640 ℃ at the speed of 130 ℃/h, then heating to 880 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃, then heating to 960 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to room temperature, then putting the steel ball blank into the electric furnace, heating to temper at the speed of 110 ℃/h, keeping the temper temperature at 260 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball blank.
Example 6
The invention provides a high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.6% of C, 0.8% of Si, 1.0% of Mn, 1.5% of Cr, 0.35% of Mo, 0.2% of V, 0.12% of Ni, 0.3% of Cu, 0.30% of Ta0.30% of Nb, 0.18% of B, 0.05% of Al, 0.03% of P, 0.035% of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball, which comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chromium steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a smelting furnace preheated to 600 ℃, heating to 1490 ℃, sequentially adding ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, nickel plates, aluminum ingots, copper, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium after molten steel is molten, adding ferrotantalum and ferroboron after raw materials are molten, heating to 1580 ℃, adjusting each element component in steel, and slagging off;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1420 ℃ into a mold for molding, cooling to room temperature, taking out, and removing burrs and flashes to obtain a wear-resistant steel ball blank;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 640 ℃ at the speed of 140 ℃/h, then heating to 900 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃, then heating to 970 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃, preserving heat for 3h, carrying out water-cooling quenching, cooling to room temperature, then putting the steel ball blank into the electric furnace, heating at the speed of 120 ℃/h for tempering treatment, keeping the tempering temperature at 260 ℃, preserving heat for 2.5h, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the wear-resistant steel ball blank.
The high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel balls prepared in the embodiments 1 to 6 of the invention are subjected to a performance detection test, hardness measurement is completed on a Rockwell hardness tester according to GB/T230.1-2004 'Metal Rockwell hardness test method', impact toughness is carried out on a pendulum impact tester according to GB229-63 'Metal Normal temperature impact toughness test method', three data are measured each time, an average value is taken, and test performance data are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 high tenacity multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball performance index
As can be seen from the table, the multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel balls prepared in examples 1 to 6 are excellent in hardness and impact toughness.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.4 to 0.6 percent of C, 0.8 to 1.2 percent of Si, 0.7 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 1.5 to 3.0 percent of Cr, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of Mo, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of V, 0.08 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Cu, 0.15 to 0.30 percent of Ta, 0.18 to 0.35 percent of Nb, 0.04 to 0.12 percent of B, 0.05 to 0.12 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
wherein, in the chemical components, the weight percentages of Al, Si, Ni and Cr satisfy the following relational expression: Al/Si + Ni/Cr is more than or equal to 0.11 and less than or equal to 0.15;
the preparation method of the steel ball comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting: adding chrome steel, scrap steel and pig iron into a preheated smelting furnace, heating to 1460-;
s2, pouring: pouring molten steel cooled to 1390-;
s3, heat treatment: putting the wear-resistant steel ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 950-;
wherein, in the S3, the temperature is raised to 620-640 ℃ at a rate of 120-140 ℃/h, then to 880-900 ℃ at a rate of 90-100 ℃/h, and then to 950-970 ℃ at a rate of 80 ℃/h.
2. The high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical components thereof comprise, by weight: 0.48 to 0.55 percent of C, 0.95 to 1.12 percent of Si, 0.80 to 0.90 percent of Mn, 2.5 to 2.8 percent of Cr, 0.22 to 0.30 percent of Mo, 0.22 to 0.27 percent of V, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Ni, 0.34 to 0.42 percent of Cu, 0.20 to 0.26 percent of Ta, 0.24 to 0.30 percent of Nb, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of B, 0.06 to 0.10 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The method for preparing the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the preheating temperature of a smelting furnace is 500-600 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the high-toughness multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel ball as recited in claim 1, wherein in S3, the temperature is raised to 240-260 ℃ at a rate of 100-120 ℃/h for tempering treatment.
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| CN111074143B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-09-24 | 宁国东方碾磨材料股份有限公司 | Acid-resistant, tough and high-wear-resistance cast ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN113652606B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽瑞泰新材料科技有限公司 | High-hardness high-toughness wear-resistant steel ball and preparation method thereof |
| CN113881890B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2022-06-24 | 安徽新马铸造科技有限公司 | High-toughness wear-resistant steel ball and casting process thereof |
| CN115094313A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏首盾耐磨材料有限公司 | Production method of wear-resistant steel ball |
| CN115323276B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-06 | 联峰钢铁（张家港）有限公司 | Bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and production process thereof |
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| DD126235B1 (en) * | 1976-06-22 | 1979-11-28 | Loescher Helmut | Method for producing a highly wear-resistant steel |
| JP2005023375A (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-27 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | High hardness steel having excellent cold workability, heat resistance and wear resistance |
| FR2870546B1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-09-01 | Industeel Creusot | STEEL WITH HIGH MECHANICAL RESISTANCE AND WEAR |
| CN104250702A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2014-12-31 | 青岛楚天节能技术有限公司 | Wear-resisting steel ball and preparation method thereof |
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