CN113369330B - Extrusion forming process for cylindrical component - Google Patents
Extrusion forming process for cylindrical component Download PDFInfo
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- CN113369330B CN113369330B CN202110652513.0A CN202110652513A CN113369330B CN 113369330 B CN113369330 B CN 113369330B CN 202110652513 A CN202110652513 A CN 202110652513A CN 113369330 B CN113369330 B CN 113369330B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
- B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
Abstract
The invention provides an extrusion forming process of a cylindrical component, which comprises the following steps: placing the blank in a cavity of a mold; after die assembly, pre-pressing the blank, heating the pre-deformed blank, and continuously extruding the blank until the blank flows into the open inner die of the die; controlling the male die II of the upper die to be static, and pressing down the core die of the upper die to enable the blank in the middle area to continuously flow into the open inner die I of the die; controlling the core mould of the upper mould to be static, and pressing down the male mould II of the upper mould to enable the blank in the ring part area to continuously flow into the open inner mould II of the mould; and (5) repeatedly carrying out the step (3) and the step (4) one or more times until the open inner mold is filled, and removing the mold after the process is finished. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the performance of the aluminum alloy cylindrical member can be improved, the forming efficiency and the structure performance of the cylindrical member can be greatly improved, and the forming time of a single workpiece can be controlled within twenty seconds for the aluminum alloy cylindrical shell with a plurality of bosses.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a cylindrical member, in particular to an extrusion forming process of the cylindrical member.
Background
Document CN103567248A discloses an extrusion molding die for an internally and externally profiled surface ribbed cylinder, which comprises an upper die plate, a mandrel, a split female die, a prestressed ring, a split male die mechanism, a lower die plate, an ejection mechanism and a die stripping mechanism, wherein the upper end of the mandrel is fixed below the upper die plate, the lower end of the mandrel is an inverted cone-shaped head, the prestressed ring is arranged above a lower backing plate, a straight-wall cavity is formed in the middle of the mandrel, the ejector rod mechanism comprises an ejector rod and an ejector block, the ejector rod is movably arranged in an ejector rod through hole of the lower die plate, the ejector block is arranged at the bottom of the straight-wall cavity, and the split female die is integrally and movably arranged in the straight-wall cavity.
The aluminum alloy cylindrical member is extruded and formed by adopting the die or other conventional dies, the processes of blank heating, extrusion forming in a plurality of dies, post-treatment and the like are involved, the forming process is complex, and the performance of the obtained aluminum alloy cylindrical member needs to be further improved. In addition, the traditional extrusion process is adopted to extrude and form the aluminum alloy cylindrical member, and the technical problems of low forming efficiency and poor structure performance exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extrusion forming process of a cylindrical member, which can at least improve the performance of an aluminum alloy cylindrical member obtained by extrusion forming.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A process for extrusion molding a tubular member, comprising the steps of:
step 1, placing a blank in a cavity of a die;
step 2, after die assembly, pre-pressing the blank, then heating the pre-deformed blank, and continuously extruding the blank until the blank flows into the open inner mold of the die;
step 3, controlling the second male die of the upper die to be static, and pressing down the core die of the upper die to enable the blank in the middle area to continuously flow into the first open inner die of the die;
and 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 for one or more times until the open inner mold is filled, and removing the mold after the process is finished.
In order to further improve the performance of the cylindrical component, the blank is heated by adopting a current auxiliary heating system, and the average current density of the current auxiliary heating is 5-25A/mm2The duty ratio is 50%, and the pulse frequency is 200-2000 Hz.
In order to improve the forming efficiency of the cylindrical component, the die comprises an upper die, a lower die and a core die, wherein a second male die of the upper die is connected with the core die, the second male die is matched with a cavity of the lower die, and under the action of external force, the core die and the second male die can move up and down synchronously as a whole and can move relatively in the vertical direction independently; when the second male die is still, the core die can move up and down; when the core die is still, the second male die can move up and down;
wherein, go up the mould and include: the upper template, the upper backing plate and the male die fixing plate are sequentially aligned and stacked from top to bottom, are connected into a whole by fasteners and are positioned by cylindrical pins; the upper end face of the first male die is tightly attached to the male die fixing plate, the lower end face of the first male die is tightly attached to the upper end face of the second male die, the first male die is in threaded connection with the second male die, the first male die is arranged in the inner cavity of the first male die sleeve, and the first male die sleeve is arranged in the inner cavity of the male die fixing plate; the inner surface of the second male die sleeve is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the second male die, the second male die sleeve is arranged in the inner cavity of the stripper plate and is connected with the stripper plate through a fastener, discharge screws are arranged in counter bores on two sides of the stripper plate and penetrate through compression springs arranged in the inner cavity of the lower die ring, and the discharge screws are in threaded connection with the lower backing plate; the guide sleeve in the upper die and the guide pillar in the lower die are coaxially arranged, the upper end of the core die is connected with the push rod, and the core die is arranged on the upper die plate, the upper backing plate, the first male die and the second male die in a penetrating manner;
wherein, the lower mould includes: the die comprises a lower die ring, a lower base plate and a lower die plate which are sequentially stacked in a centering manner from top to bottom, wherein the lower die ring, the lower base plate and the lower die plate are connected into a whole by fasteners, the lower die ring, the lower base plate and the lower die plate are positioned by two pairs of cylindrical pins, a first female die is arranged above a second female die, and a prestressed ring is in interference fit with the excircles of the first female die and the second female die; the female die II is arranged above the lower base plate, and the prestressed ring is arranged in an inner cavity of the lower die ring; the inner angle of the ejector rod head is provided with an air hole groove and is in threaded connection with the ejector rod; the ejector rod head is matched in the inner cavity of the female die II and is matched with the conical surface of the lower backing plate; an open inner die is arranged at the bottom of a cavity of the lower die, a concave part is arranged on the side of the open inner die, and the open inner die and the concave part are both adapted to the boss contour of a workpiece;
the die further comprises an electric heating system, and the electric heating system is used for heating the blank in the cavity; the electric heating system comprises a power supply and an electric wire, and the electric wire is respectively connected with the first male die and the second female die so as to form a heating loop between the first male die and the second female die; the push rod, the upper backing plate, the first convex die sleeve, the second convex die sleeve, the lower die ring and the lower backing plate all have electric insulation performance.
In order to further improve the performance of the cylindrical member, the axis of the core mold is superposed with the central line of the open inner mold in the vertical direction; and after the second male die extends into the cavity of the lower die, the outer wall of the second male die sleeve is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cavity.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, in step 2, first, the upper mold is moved downward as a whole at a speed of 10 mm/s; the core die and the male die II are in contact with the blank and move downwards at the speed of 2mm/s to force the blank to be pre-deformed; then, a power supply is switched on, a heating loop is formed between the first male die and the second female die, and the blank is heated; then, the upper mold continues to move downward at a speed of 10mm/s, so that the billet is deformed, and the billet metal gradually flows into the open inner mold.
In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, the core mold is moved downward at a speed of 2 mm/s.
As a more preferable aspect of the present invention, in step 4, the second punch is moved downward at a speed of 2 mm/s.
As a more preferable aspect of the present invention, the cylindrical member is an aluminum alloy member, and the bottom surface of the cylindrical member has a plurality of protrusions, one of the protrusions is located at the middle of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member, and the rest of the protrusions are located near the edge of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member; the cylindrical member has an outer diameter of 186mm, an inner diameter of 156mm and a height of 114 mm.
Has the advantages that: by adopting the scheme of the invention, the performance of the aluminum alloy cylindrical member can be improved, and the 7A04 aluminum alloy is taken as an example, the grain size of the obtained 7A04 aluminum alloy cylindrical member is about 30 mu m, the texture strength is low, and the tensile strength is higher than 580 Mpa; by adopting the scheme of the invention, the forming efficiency and performance of the cylindrical component can be greatly improved, and the forming time of a single workpiece can be controlled within twenty seconds for the aluminum alloy cylindrical shell with a plurality of bosses.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mold in the example;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the mold in use in the example;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a cylindrical shell with six bosses in the embodiment;
fig. 4 is a view from a-a in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only used for understanding the principle of the present invention and the core idea thereof, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications to the invention as described herein, which do not depart from the principles of the invention, are intended to be within the scope of the claims which follow.
Examples
The mold used in the present invention will be described first, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the mold is mainly composed of an upper mold and a lower mold. Wherein, go up the mould and include: the upper template 17, the upper padding plate 18 and the punch fixing plate 19 are sequentially stacked in a centering way from top to bottom, connected through the uniformly distributed hexagon socket head cap screws 16 and positioned through the first cylindrical pin 22; the upper end face of the first male die 21 is tightly attached to the male die holder 19, the lower end face of the first male die 21 is tightly attached to the upper end face of the second male die 27, the first male die 21 is connected with the second male die 27 through threads, the first male die 21 is placed in the inner cavity of the first male die sleeve 20, and the first male die sleeve 20 is placed in the inner cavity of the male die holder 19; the push rod 25 is connected with the core mould 26 by screw thread and is placed in the inner cavities of the upper template 17, the upper backing plate 18, the first male mould 21 and the second male mould 27 in a penetrating way; the center of the arc surface at the end part of the core die 26 is the same as that of the arc surface at the end part of the male die 27; the inner surface of the second male die sleeve 12 is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the second male die 27, the second male die sleeve 12 is placed in the inner cavity of the discharging plate 13, the second male die sleeve 12 is connected with the discharging plate 13 through screws 14, discharging screws 10 are placed in counter bores on two sides of the discharging plate 13, the discharging screws 10 penetrate through compression springs 11 placed in the inner cavity of the lower die ring 24, and the discharging screws 10 are in threaded connection with the lower backing plate 5; the guide sleeve 15 in the upper die is coaxial with the installation position of the guide post 23 in the lower die. Wherein, the lower mould includes: the lower die ring 24, the lower backing plate 5 and the lower die plate 4 are sequentially centered and stacked from top to bottom, connected through the uniformly distributed hexagon socket head cap screws 3 and positioned through the first cylindrical pin 6; the female die I9 is placed on the female die II 7, and the prestressed ring 8 is in interference fit with the outer circles of the female die I9 and the female die II 7; the female die II 7 is placed on the lower backing plate 5, and the prestressed ring 8 is placed in the inner cavity of the lower die ring 24; the inner angle of the ejector rod head 1 is provided with an air hole groove and is connected with the ejector rod 2 by screw threads; the ejector rod head 1 is placed in the inner cavity of the second female die 7 and is in conical surface fit with the lower backing plate 5.
In this embodiment, an open inner mold 31 is disposed at the bottom of the cavity 30 of the lower mold, a concave portion 32 is disposed at the side of the open inner mold 31, and both the open inner mold 31 and the concave portion 32 are adapted to the boss contour of the workpiece. The axis of the core mold 26 coincides with the center line of the open inner mold 31 in the vertical direction. When the second male die 27 extends into the cavity 30 of the lower die, the outer wall of the second male die sleeve 12 is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cavity 30.
The mold further includes an electrical heating system for heating the blank within the cavity 30. The electric heating system comprises a power supply 29 and an electric wire 28, the electric wire 28 is respectively connected with the first male die 21 and the second female die 7 so as to realize that the first male die 21 and the second female die 7 form a heating loop, and the power supply is disconnected after the set heating temperature is reached, so that heating is stopped; when the temperature is lower than the set heating temperature, the power supply is switched on to start heating; the push rod 25, the upper backing plate 18, the first male die sleeve 20, the second male die sleeve 12, the lower die ring 24 and the lower backing plate 5 all have electric insulation performance.
The die in the embodiment is adopted to extrude and form the 7A04 aluminum alloy cylindrical member, and the process steps comprise:
step 1, installing a die, and placing a blank in a cavity 30 of the die;
step 2, after die assembly, firstly, prepressing the blank, integrally moving the upper die downwards at the speed of 10mm/s, contacting the core die 26 and the male die 27 with the blank, and moving downwards at the speed of 2mm/s for 3mm to force the blank to be pre-deformed; then the power supply 29 is switched on, the heating temperature is set to be 450 +/-10 ℃, and the average current density of the current-assisted heating is 15A/mm2Heating the pre-deformed blank with the duty ratio of 50% and the pulse frequency of 200-2000 Hz; continuing to extrude the blank, and continuing to move the upper die downwards at the speed of 10mm/s for 30mm to deform the blank until the blank flows into the first opening inner die 31 of the die;
step 3, controlling the second male die 27 of the upper die to be stationary, and moving the second male die 26 for 6mm at the speed of 2mm/s, so that the blank in the middle area continuously flows into the first open inner die 31 of the die;
and 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 once, finally guiding the blank to fill the first open inner mold 31 of the die to complete the forming of the workpiece 33, and then removing the die.
For a single workpiece 33, the time required for the foregoing steps 2 to 5 is within 20 seconds, and the obtained 7a04 aluminum alloy cylindrical member has a complex external shape structure as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom surface has six protruding steps, including one boss 34 and five bosses 35, the boss 34 is located in the middle of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member, the five bosses 35 are arranged around the boss 34 and close to the edge of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member, and the cylindrical member has an outer diameter of 186mm, an inner diameter of 156mm, and a height of 114 mm.
The performance test of the 7A04 aluminum alloy cylindrical member obtained in the embodiment shows that the crystal grain is about 30 μm, the texture strength is low, the obdurability is good, and the tensile strength is higher than 580MPa, while the crystal grain of the member with the same specification obtained by the traditional extrusion forming process is about 60 μm and the tensile strength is lower than 540 MPa.
Claims (8)
1. A process for extrusion molding a tubular member, comprising the steps of:
step 1, placing a blank in a cavity of a die;
step 2, after die assembly, pre-pressing the blank, then heating the pre-deformed blank, and continuously extruding the blank until the blank flows into an open inner die I (31) of the die;
step 3, controlling the second male die (27) of the upper die to be stationary, and pressing down the core die (26) of the upper die to enable the blank in the middle area to continuously flow into the first open inner die (31) of the die;
step 4, controlling the core mold (26) of the upper mold to be static, and pressing down the second male mold (27) of the upper mold to enable the blank in the ring area to continuously flow into the concave part (32) of the mold;
step 5, repeating the step 3 and the step 4 for one or more times until the open inner mold I (31) is filled, and removing the mold after the completion;
the die comprises an upper die, a lower die and a core die (26), wherein a second male die (27) of the upper die is connected with the core die (26), the second male die (27) is matched with a cavity (30) of the lower die, and under the action of external force, the core die (26) and the second male die (27) can move up and down synchronously as a whole and can move relatively in the vertical direction independently; when the second male die (27) is still, the core die (26) can move up and down; when the core mould (26) is still, the second punch (27) can move up and down; the bottom of a cavity (30) of the lower die is provided with an open inner die I (31), a concave part (32) is arranged on the side of the open inner die I (31), and the open inner die I (31) and the concave part (32) are both adapted to the boss contour of a workpiece.
2. The process of extrusion-molding a cylindrical member according to claim 1, wherein: heating the blank by adopting a current auxiliary heating system, wherein the average current density of the current auxiliary heating is 5-25A/mm2The duty ratio is 50%, and the pulse frequency is 200-2000 Hz.
3. The extrusion molding process of a cylindrical member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
wherein, go up the mould and include: the upper die plate (17), the upper backing plate (18) and the male die fixing plate (19) are sequentially centered and stacked from top to bottom, the upper die plate (17), the upper backing plate (18) and the male die fixing plate (19) are connected into a whole by fasteners, and are positioned by a cylindrical pin I (22); the upper end face of the first male die (21) is tightly attached to the male die fixing plate (19), the lower end face of the first male die (21) is tightly attached to the upper end face of the second male die (27), the first male die (21) is connected with the second male die (27) through threads, the first male die (21) is arranged in an inner cavity of a first male die sleeve (20), and the first male die sleeve (20) is arranged in the inner cavity of the male die fixing plate (19); the inner surface of the second male die sleeve (12) is in clearance fit with the outer surface of the second male die (27), the second male die sleeve (12) is arranged in an inner cavity of the stripper plate (13) and is connected with the stripper plate (13) through a fastener, discharge screws (10) are arranged in counter bores on two sides of the stripper plate (13), the discharge screws (10) penetrate through compression springs (11) arranged in the inner cavity of the lower die ring (24), and the discharge screws (10) are in threaded connection with the lower backing plate (5); a guide sleeve (15) in the upper die and a guide post (23) in the lower die are coaxially arranged, the upper end of a core die (26) is connected with a push rod (25), and the core die (26) is arranged on an upper die plate (17), an upper backing plate (18), a first male die (21) and a second male die (27) in a penetrating manner;
wherein, the lower mould includes: the lower die ring (24), the lower backing plate (5) and the lower die plate (4) which are sequentially centered and stacked from top to bottom are connected into a whole by fasteners, the lower die ring (24), the lower backing plate (5) and the lower die plate (4) are positioned by a cylindrical pin II (6), a female die I (9) is arranged above a female die II (7), and a prestressed ring (8) is in interference fit with the outer circles of the female die I (9) and the female die II (7); the female die II (7) is arranged above the lower backing plate (5), and the prestressed ring (8) is arranged in the inner cavity of the lower die ring (24); the inner angle of the ejector rod head (1) is provided with an air hole groove and is in threaded connection with the ejector rod (2); the ejector rod head (1) is matched in the inner cavity of the female die II (7) and is matched with the conical surface of the lower backing plate (5); the mould further comprises an electric heating system for heating the blank in the cavity (30); the electric heating system comprises a power supply (29) and an electric wire (28), wherein the electric wire (28) is respectively connected with the first male die (21) and the second female die (7) so as to realize that the first male die (21) and the second female die (7) form a heating loop; the push rod (25), the upper backing plate (18), the first male die sleeve (20), the second male die sleeve (12), the lower die ring (24) and the lower backing plate (5) have electric insulation performance.
4. The process of extrusion-molding a cylindrical member according to claim 3, wherein: the axis of the core mold (26) is superposed with the central line of the open inner mold I (31) in the vertical direction; when the second male die (27) extends into the cavity (30) of the lower die, the outer wall of the second male die sleeve (12) is tightly attached to the inner wall of the cavity (30).
5. The extrusion molding process of a cylindrical member according to claim 4, wherein: in step 2, firstly, the upper die integrally moves downwards at the speed of 10 mm/s; the core die (26) and the male die II (27) are in contact with the blank and move downwards at the speed of 2mm/s, so that the blank is forced to be pre-deformed; then a power supply (29) is switched on, a heating loop is formed between the first male die (21) and the second female die (7), and the blank is heated; then, the upper die continues to move downward at a speed of 10mm/s, so that the blank is deformed, and the blank metal gradually flows into the open inner die (31).
6. The process of extrusion-molding a cylindrical member according to claim 5, wherein: in step 3, the core mold 26 is moved down at a speed of 2 mm/s.
7. The process of extrusion-molding a cylindrical member according to claim 6, wherein: in step 4, the second punch (27) is moved downwards at a speed of 2 mm/s.
8. The process of extrusion-molding a cylindrical member according to claim 7, wherein: the cylindrical member is an aluminum alloy member, the bottom surface of the cylindrical member is provided with a plurality of convex parts, one convex part is positioned in the middle of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member, and the rest convex parts are close to the edge of the bottom surface of the cylindrical member; the cylindrical member has an outer diameter of 186mm, an inner diameter of 156mm and a height of 114 mm.
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| CN202110652513.0A CN113369330B (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Extrusion forming process for cylindrical component |
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| CN202110652513.0A CN113369330B (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2021-06-11 | Extrusion forming process for cylindrical component |
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| CN113369330B true CN113369330B (en) | 2022-07-01 |
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| CN109530471A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-29 | 中北大学 | A kind of closely contour chevron light-alloy component mold for extruding and forming of thin-walled |
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| CN110695111A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-17 | 中北大学 | Radial-reverse combined extrusion forming die for thin-walled cylindrical part with outer boss |
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2021
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| US6516647B1 (en) * | 1999-04-08 | 2003-02-11 | Hirschvogel Umformtechnik | Method of producing homokinetic joints |
| CN102699094A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中北大学 | Die used in extrusion moulding of high-precision complex copper alloy thrust bearing seat |
| CN106216472A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-12-14 | 中北大学 | A kind of umbellate form housing member warm-extrusion forming method |
| CN106607468A (en) * | 2017-01-07 | 2017-05-03 | 中北大学 | Differential-speed extrusion forming method of magnesium alloy high performance cup-shaped piece |
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| CN109530471A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-03-29 | 中北大学 | A kind of closely contour chevron light-alloy component mold for extruding and forming of thin-walled |
| CN109894491A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-06-18 | 郑州机械研究所有限公司 | A kind of pitman shaft hot extrusion upsetting manufacturing process and its device |
| CN110695111A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-01-17 | 中北大学 | Radial-reverse combined extrusion forming die for thin-walled cylindrical part with outer boss |
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