CN111889531A - Positive and negative extrusion forming die and forming method for curved bus type shell - Google Patents
Positive and negative extrusion forming die and forming method for curved bus type shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111889531A CN111889531A CN202010668307.4A CN202010668307A CN111889531A CN 111889531 A CN111889531 A CN 111889531A CN 202010668307 A CN202010668307 A CN 202010668307A CN 111889531 A CN111889531 A CN 111889531A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a positive and negative extrusion forming die and a forming method of a curved bus type shell, wherein a positive extrusion forming space is formed at the bottom of an extrusion female die forming cavity, when an extrusion male die moves downwards, a blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die mainly flows in a positive direction, the positive extrusion forming space is filled preferentially, the positive flow of a material is promoted, and the strain of the material in a dead zone is increased; when the extrusion convex die continues to move downwards, after the filling of the forward extrusion forming space is finished, the blank at the lower end of the extrusion convex die mainly flows in the reverse direction and fills the forming cavity. The upper part of the backward extrusion forming cavity is provided with an overflow groove, the extrusion male die is pressed into the overflow groove, the blank is extruded in the forming cavity in a closed manner, the blank flows forwards and backwards simultaneously, the forward flow of the mouth material is promoted, and the strain of the material in the rigid translation area is increased, so that the uniform strain of the material at different parts of the shell is realized, and the problems of nonuniform deformation, large difference of mechanical properties at different parts and different directions and the like existing after the existing curved bus type shell is formed are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forming processing, and particularly relates to a positive and negative extrusion forming die and a forming method for a curved bus type shell.
Background
Extrusion molding is a forging molding process, the blank is stressed by three-dimensional compressive stress, the circumferential mechanical property is uniform, and the extrusion molding process is suitable for molding metal materials difficult to deform. In the extrusion forming process, the blank and the die move relatively, and the material flows out along the same direction of an extrusion shaft, which is called positive extrusion forming;
in the patent with application number CN201710544672.2, when the lattice change occurs in each stage of the conventional forward extrusion, the lattice change inside the billet is divided into three areas: the I area is a metal dead zone which is tightly attached to the end face of the male die and is conical. The size of the taper is determined by the friction between the end face of the punch and the blank. This portion of the metal is substantially undeformed. Zone II is a severe deformation zone. The blank flows sharply outwardly and upwardly in this region and the cup is formed primarily by this portion of the metal flow. The axial height of the zone is about 0.1d to 0.2d (d is the working part diameter of the punch). When the punch is pressed down to the bottom height of the blank and still higher than the axial height, although the metal in the deformation area generates violent flowing, a part of the metal at the bottom is still kept in an original state and is still in a stable deformation state at the moment, but when the punch is pressed down continuously and the residual thickness of the blank is smaller than the axial height, all the metal in the residual thickness generates flowing and becomes an unstable deformation state. And the area III is a rigid translation area, and after the metal in the severe deformation area flows to form a cup wall, the cup wall is not deformed any more, but moves upwards in a rigid translation mode until the male die stops pressing down. When the dead zone bottom is too thick and thin, the material with poor plasticity can generate annular falling.
The billet and die do not move relative to each other and the material flows out in the opposite direction of the extrusion axis, which is called back extrusion. In the backward extrusion forming process, the material temperature is slightly increased, and the forming temperature is easy to control.
In the patent with application number CN201610681623.9, a method and a die for forming slender members by backward extrusion and fine grain are disclosed, which comprises an upper die structure and a lower die structure, wherein the process comprises the steps of firstly placing a blank in a concave die cavity, and then, under the action of a driving die, the male die relatively moves along the axial direction, so that the blank is plastically deformed; when the working zone of the male die completely enters the blank, the male die relatively moves along the axial direction and simultaneously rotationally moves along the extrusion central shaft, and when the left and right inserts are contacted with the height limiting block, the left and right inserts relatively slide in the male die simultaneously, so that the blank is continuously rotationally extruded to be fine-grained and deformed. The method can greatly reduce the forming load, enhance the stability of the male die, improve the length-diameter ratio of the male die, is suitable for forming and manufacturing the slender component made of various materials such as copper alloy, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, alloy steel and the like, shortens the process flow and improves the manufacturing performance of the slender component.
In patent No. CN201811422161.4, a multi-punch step-by-step backward extrusion molding method is disclosed, which uses a multi-punch composed of an inner punch and an outer punch, and comprises: blanking, blank making, step-by-step reverse extrusion and subsequent treatment, and is characterized in that: the step-by-step reverse extrusion is to extrude blank metal at least once by using an inner convex die and an outer convex die, the blank metal generates flow deformation under the action of the multiple convex dies, and a hollow part with a solid flat bottom, or a concave bottom, or a convex bottom is obtained by controlling the strokes of the inner convex die and the outer convex die. The invention can realize the forming and manufacturing of hollow parts with flat bottoms, convex bottoms, concave bottoms and the like in the same set of die; the reduction of the contact area of extrusion molding reduces the extrusion molding force and can improve the extrusion deformation. The scheme obtains different workpieces or improves the extrusion deformation of a single workpiece in a mode of multiple times of backward extrusion.
The above patent describes forming a housing-like workpiece by forward extrusion or backward extrusion. The curved bus-type shell is a common workpiece in machining, and the workpiece has the characteristics of large curvature change and thin wall thickness. Therefore, reverse extrusion is the preferred method of manufacturing curved bus-type housings. Although the curved bus type shell can be formed at one time by backward extrusion forming, the curved bus type shell has the defects of uneven deformation of different parts, large mechanical property difference and the like, particularly, a material dead zone is formed at the bottom, a rigid translation zone is formed at the mouth, the deformation strain is small, and the mechanical property is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a positive and negative extrusion forming die and a forming method for a curved busbar type shell, and aims to solve the problems of uneven deformation, large mechanical property difference and the like existing after the existing curved busbar type shell is formed.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a positive and negative extrusion forming die for a curved bus type shell, which comprises:
the extruding male die is used for being arranged on the upper die plate;
the extrusion female die is used for being installed on the lower die plate, and the extrusion male die and the extrusion female die are matched to form a forming cavity;
a forward extrusion forming space is arranged at the bottom of a forming cavity of the extrusion female die and used for promoting the forward flow of the material of the blank during extrusion;
an overflow groove is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall surface of the forming cavity; and the upper end of the outer wall surface of the extrusion male die is provided with a closed clamping block which is used for being matched with the overflow groove to carry out closed extrusion on the blank in the forming cavity during extrusion.
According to the forward and backward extrusion forming die for the curved bus type shell, the bottom surface of the forming cavity is provided with the material flowing groove.
The invention relates to a forward and backward extrusion forming die for a curved bus type shell, which also comprises a jacking plate; the bottom surface of the forming cavity is provided with a jacking plate accommodating groove, and the jacking plate is arranged in the jacking plate accommodating groove and is movably connected with the jacking plate accommodating groove; and the bottom surface of the ejector plate accommodating groove is provided with an ejector hole.
According to the forward and backward extrusion forming die for the curved bus-bar type shell, the upper end of the ejector plate extends out of the ejector plate accommodating groove and is matched with the bottom surface and the side wall surface of the forming cavity to form the material flowing groove.
The invention discloses a positive and negative extrusion forming method of a curved bus type shell, which uses any one of the positive and negative extrusion forming dies of the curved bus type shell and comprises the following specific steps:
s1: the upper template drives the extrusion male die to press downwards, and the blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die flows in the forward direction and fills the forward extrusion forming space;
s2: the extrusion male die continues to be pressed downwards, and the blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die reversely flows and fills the forming cavity;
s3; the extrusion male die is pressed downwards to be matched with the extrusion female die, the closed clamping block is clamped into the overflow groove, the blank is extruded in a closed manner in the forming cavity, and the blank flows forwards and reversely at the same time;
s4: and after the extrusion is finished, the upper die plate drives the extrusion male die to move upwards to finish the demoulding.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. according to the embodiment of the invention, the positive extrusion forming space is arranged at the bottom of the forming cavity of the extrusion female die, so that when the extrusion male die moves downwards, the blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die mainly flows in the positive direction, the positive extrusion forming space is gradually filled, the positive flow of the material is promoted by controlling the distance between the blank and the bottom plate of the female die, and the strain of the material in a dead zone is increased; an overflow groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the forming cavity, a matched closed fixture block is arranged on the outer wall surface of the extruding male die, when the extruding male die is pressed to the closed fixture block to be clamped into the overflow groove, the blank is extruded in the forming cavity in a closed mode, the blank flows in the forward direction and the reverse direction simultaneously, the closed extrusion can promote the forward flow of the mouth material and increase the strain of the rigid translation area material, so that the uniform strain of the material at different parts of the shell is realized, and the uniform deformation of the curved bus-shaped shell is realized; therefore, the problems of uneven deformation, large mechanical property difference and the like existing after the existing curved bus type shell is formed are solved by increasing the material flow of the material dead zone and improving the mechanical property of the rigid translation zone.
2. According to the embodiment of the invention, the ejector plate and the ejector plate accommodating groove are arranged on the bottom surface of the forming cavity, and the ejector hole is arranged on the bottom surface of the ejector plate accommodating groove, so that after the curved bus bar type shell is formed, the ejector plate can be ejected through the ejector hole, so that the curved bus bar type shell realizes demoulding, and the demoulding process is simple and easy to operate.
3. The height of flitch is set up ingeniously to this embodiment one embodiment for the flitch is higher than the flitch storage tank of liftout, and forms the material flow groove with the shaping chamber cooperation, has further increased the material flow in material dead zone, has guaranteed the even deformation of curved bus type casing.
4. In the embodiment of the invention, the extruding male die and the extruding female die are simple in structure, the steps for forming the curved bus type shell are few, the process flow is simple, and the method is suitable for batch production of the curved bus type shells such as aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a die layout and blank drawing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of an extruded part of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a finite element simulation of the present invention during material deformation;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a finite element simulation of the present invention showing a material flow process;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of material strain distributions between the manufacturing method of the present invention and a conventional manufacturing method.
Description of reference numerals: 1: a curved bus-type housing; 2: extruding the male die; 201: closing the clamping block; 3: extruding the female die; 301: an overflow trough; 4: a blank; 5: a forward extrusion forming space; 6: a material ejecting plate; 7: an ejection aperture; 8: a material flow channel; 9: a forming cavity.
Detailed Description
The forward and backward extrusion forming die and the forming method for the curved bus bar type shell provided by the invention are further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in one embodiment, the positive and negative extrusion forming die for the curved bus-bar type shell comprises an extrusion male die 2 mounted on an upper die plate and an extrusion female die 3 mounted on a lower die plate.
The bottom of the forming cavity 9 of the extrusion die 3 is provided with a forward extrusion forming space 5 for promoting the forward flow of the material of the billet 4 during extrusion. Taking the height of the molding cavity 9 as 1250mm as an example, the height required for the forward extrusion molding space 5 is about 150mm, and in short, the volume of the forward extrusion molding space 5 is about 10 to 20% of the volume of the molding cavity 9. Of course, the specific parameters of the positive extrusion forming space 5 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and are not limited in detail.
An overflow groove 301 is provided at the upper end of the inner wall surface of the forming chamber 9. The upper end of the outer wall surface of the extrusion male die 2 is provided with a closed fixture block 201 which is used for being matched with an overflow groove 301 to carry out closed extrusion on the blank 4 in the forming cavity 9 during extrusion. During closed extrusion, the upper part of the blank in forming is in forward flow, the lower part of the blank is in reverse flow, the deformation is less, and the height of the closed extrusion is about 20-30 m by taking 1250mm as an example, but the mechanical property of the opening part of the curved bus-shaped shell after forming can be obviously improved by the arrangement of the closed extrusion.
During forming, the extruding male die 2 moves downwards, and the blank 4 at the lower end of the extruding male die 2 flows in the positive direction and fills the positive extrusion forming space 5. The extrusion convex die 2 continues to move downwards, and the blank 4 on the side edge of the extrusion convex die 2 reversely flows to form a main body of the curved bus type shell 1. And (3) moving the extrusion male die 2 to the lowest position, clamping the closed clamping block 201 into the overflow groove 301, closing and extruding the blank 4 in the forming cavity 9, and simultaneously enabling the blank 4 to flow forwards and reversely to complete the extrusion forming of the curved bus-type shell 1.
Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the present embodiment provides the positive extrusion forming space 5 through the bottom of the forming cavity 9 of the extrusion die 3, so that the billet 4 at the lower end of the extrusion die 2 mainly flows in the positive direction when the extrusion die 2 moves downward, gradually filling the positive extrusion forming space 5, and by controlling the distance between the billet and the die bottom plate, the material positive flow is promoted, and the amount of strain of the dead zone material is increased. An overflow groove 301 is formed in the inner wall surface of the forming cavity 9, a matched closed fixture block 201 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the extrusion male die 2, when the extrusion male die 2 is pressed down until the closed fixture block 201 is clamped into the overflow groove 301, at the moment, the blank 4 is extruded in the forming cavity 9 in a closed manner, the blank 4 flows forwards and backwards at the same time, the closed extrusion can promote the forward flow of the mouth material, the strain of the material in a rigid translation area is increased, the material strain of different parts of the shell is uniform, and the uniform deformation of the curved-bus-shaped shell 1 is realized. Therefore, the problems of non-uniform deformation, large mechanical property difference and the like existing after the existing curved bus type shell 1 is formed are solved by increasing the material flow of the material dead zone and improving the mechanical property of the rigid translation zone. Meanwhile, the extruding male die 2 and the extruding female die 3 of the embodiment have simple structures, the steps for forming the curved bus-type shell 1 are few, the process flow is simple, and the method is suitable for batch production of the curved bus-type shells 1 of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like.
The following further describes the specific structure of the present embodiment:
in this embodiment, the forward extrusion forming space 5 can be realized by controlling the diameter of the bottom end of the billet 4 to match the diameter of the upper end of the forward extrusion forming space 5, that is, when the billet 4 is put into the forming cavity 9, the bottom end of the billet 4 can only move to the upper end of the forward extrusion forming space 5.
In this embodiment, a material flow channel 8 may be provided in the bottom surface of the forming cavity 9 to increase the amount of deformation of the bottom blank 4 to allow further downward flow of material and thus further increase the flow of material in the dead zone of material. Taking the forming chamber 9 as an example with a diameter of one meter, the material flow channel 8 has a width of 30 to 50mm and a height of 70-90 mm. Of course, the specific parameters of the material flow groove 8 can be adjusted according to the actual situation, and are not limited in detail.
In this embodiment, the forward and backward extrusion mold may further include a material ejecting plate 6. The bottom surface of the forming cavity 9 is provided with a top material plate accommodating groove, and the top material plate 6 is arranged in the top material plate 6 accommodating groove and is movably connected with the top material plate 6 accommodating groove. Simultaneously, set up an ejector pin hole 7 on the bottom surface of ejector plate 6 storage tank for after curved generating line type casing 1 takes shape, can use the external member to come the mode that carries out the jacking to ejector plate 6 through this ejector pin hole 7, make curved generating line type casing 1 realize the drawing of patterns, the simple easy operation of drawing of patterns flow.
Further, the material flow groove 8 can be directly realized by the arrangement of the ejector plate 6. Only the upper end of the ejector plate 6 needs to extend out of the ejector plate 6 accommodating groove. At this time, the ejector plate 6 is matched with the bottom surface and the side wall surface of the forming cavity 9 to form the material flowing groove 8, so that the material flowing of the material dead zone is increased, and the uniform deformation of the curved bus-type shell 1 is ensured.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, a forward and backward extrusion forming method of a curved bus bar type shell uses the forward and backward extrusion forming die of the curved bus bar type shell in the first embodiment, and includes the following specific steps:
s1: the upper template drives the extrusion male die 2 to press downwards, and a blank 4 at the lower end of the extrusion male die 2 flows in the positive direction and fills a positive extrusion forming space 5 so as to increase the strain of a dead zone material;
s2: the extrusion convex die 2 continues to be pressed downwards, and the blank 4 at the lower end of the extrusion convex die 2 reversely flows and fills the forming cavity 9;
s201: the extrusion convex die 2 is pressed downwards continuously, the blank 4 at the lower end of the extrusion convex die 2 flows to the material flowing groove 8, and the material flowing of a material dead zone is further increased, so that the uniform deformation of the curved bus type shell 1 is ensured;
s3; the extrusion male die 2 is pressed downwards to be matched with the extrusion female die 3, the closed fixture block 201 is clamped into the overflow groove 301, the blank 4 is closed and extruded in the forming cavity 9, and the blank 4 flows forwards and reversely at the same time to promote the forward flow of the mouth material and increase the strain of the material in the rigid translation area, so that the uniform strain of the material at different parts of the curved bus type shell 1 is realized, and the uniform deformation of the curved bus type shell 1 is realized;
s4: after the extrusion is finished, the upper die plate drives the extrusion male die 2 to move upwards.
S401: and (3) jacking a jacking plate 6 by using an external part through a jacking hole 7 so as to jack the formed curved bus-bar type shell 1, so that the curved bus-bar type shell 1 is separated from the extrusion female die 3, and demoulding is finished. The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a bent generating line shell forward and backward extrusion forming die which characterized in that includes:
the extruding male die is used for being arranged on the upper die plate;
the extrusion female die is used for being installed on the lower die plate, and the extrusion male die and the extrusion female die are matched to form a forming cavity;
the bottom of the forming cavity of the extrusion female die is provided with a forward extrusion forming space for promoting the forward flow of the material of the blank during extrusion;
an overflow groove is arranged at the upper end of the inner wall surface of the forming cavity; and the upper end of the outer wall surface of the extrusion male die is provided with a closed clamping block which is used for being matched with the overflow groove to carry out closed extrusion on the blank in the forming cavity during extrusion.
2. A positive and negative extrusion molding apparatus for a curved bus bar type casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said molding cavity is provided with a material flow groove on a bottom surface thereof.
3. The forward-backward extrusion molding die for a curved bus bar type shell according to claim 1, further comprising an ejector plate; the bottom surface of the forming cavity is provided with a jacking plate accommodating groove, and the jacking plate is arranged in the jacking plate accommodating groove and is movably connected with the jacking plate accommodating groove; and the bottom surface of the ejector plate accommodating groove is provided with an ejector hole.
4. The forward-backward extrusion molding die for a curved bus bar type casing according to claim 3, wherein the upper end of the ejector plate protrudes from the ejector plate accommodating groove and cooperates with the bottom surface and the side wall surface of the molding cavity to form a material flow groove.
5. A forward and backward extrusion forming method of a curved busbar type shell is characterized in that the forward and backward extrusion forming die of the curved busbar type shell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is used, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: the upper template drives the extrusion male die to press downwards, and the blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die flows in the forward direction and fills the forward extrusion forming space;
s2: the extrusion male die continues to be pressed downwards, and the blank at the lower end of the extrusion male die reversely flows and fills the forming cavity;
s3; the extrusion male die is pressed downwards to be matched with the extrusion female die, the closed clamping block is clamped into the overflow groove, the blank is extruded in a closed manner in the forming cavity, and the blank flows forwards and reversely at the same time;
s4: and after the extrusion is finished, the upper die plate drives the extrusion male die to move upwards to finish the demoulding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010668307.4A CN111889531B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Positive and negative extrusion forming die and forming method for curved bus type shell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010668307.4A CN111889531B (en) | 2020-07-13 | 2020-07-13 | Positive and negative extrusion forming die and forming method for curved bus type shell |
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| CN111889531A true CN111889531A (en) | 2020-11-06 |
| CN111889531B CN111889531B (en) | 2021-11-05 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113369329A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Multifunctional extrusion die with open cavity |
| CN114393051A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏启力锻压机床有限公司 | Die for composite cold extrusion forming of automobile micro motor aluminum shell and use method |
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| EP0426312A2 (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1991-05-08 | General Motors Corporation | Cold-forming dies and cold-forming process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113369329A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Multifunctional extrusion die with open cavity |
| CN114393051A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-26 | 江苏启力锻压机床有限公司 | Die for composite cold extrusion forming of automobile micro motor aluminum shell and use method |
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| CN111889531B (en) | 2021-11-05 |
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