CN113367371B - Method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves - Google Patents
Method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367371B CN113367371B CN202110725960.4A CN202110725960A CN113367371B CN 113367371 B CN113367371 B CN 113367371B CN 202110725960 A CN202110725960 A CN 202110725960A CN 113367371 B CN113367371 B CN 113367371B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 154
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- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-WOJBJXKFSA-N Neophytadiene Natural products [C@H](CCC[C@@H](CCCC(C)C)C)(CCCC(C=C)=C)C NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-WOJBJXKFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
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- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N neophytadiene Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=C)C=C NIDGCIPAMWNKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/10—Roasting or cooling tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves, which comprises the following steps: s1, harvesting with stems, and cutting and harvesting with stems below the first leaf position at the top end; s2, withering the airing room, and weaving rods for the upper leaves cut and harvested with the stems in the step S1, and then placing the rods into the airing room for airing; s3, injecting the mixed solution, namely injecting the mixed solution into the stems aired in the step S2; s4, drying, namely, sending the stalks injected in the step S3 into a curing barn for curing, comprising the following three processes: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation; and S43, controlling dry tendons. According to the method provided by the invention, the tobacco leaves are harvested by the belt stems, then the mixed solution is injected into the stems, and the nitrogen and sugar reduction and increase in the tobacco leaves are realized by matching with the regulation and control of the baking temperature and time, so that the content of nitrogen-containing compounds in the tobacco leaves is reduced, the sugar content is increased, the chemical component coordination is increased, and the total amount of aroma substances is obviously increased; the upper tobacco leaf has improved aroma quality, increased aroma amount and sweet taste, and reduced irritation.
Description
A method for lowering nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco baking, in particular to a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco curing is an important link for producing tobacco leaves, and fresh tobacco leaves can show the commercial value of the fresh tobacco leaves only after being cured. In recent years, popularization and application find that the moisture content of upper tobacco leaves is high, the dry matter content is low, the moisture content of middle tobacco leaves is high, the dry matter content is high, the water loss rate of the middle tobacco leaves and the upper tobacco leaves during baking is not matched with the conversion rate of inclusions, so that chemical components in the tobacco leaves are disordered, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is reduced.
The nitrogen content in the tobacco leaves has a great influence on the quality of the tobacco leaves. Nitrogen is a main component of proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, and the like, and nitrogen is mainly present in plant bodies in the form of proteins. Proteins are the material basis of life activities of all organisms, and are involved in the formation of cytoplasm, nucleus and various enzymes. Nitrogen is used as a main nutrient element of tobacco and plays an important role in the growth and development process of tobacco plants, and is one of important factors of yield and quality. When the content of nitrogen is too high, chemical components in tobacco leaves, particularly aroma components, can be disordered.
Although the overall quality of the tobacco leaves is improved steadily in recent years, the problems that the maturity of the upper tobacco leaves is not enough, the leaf structure is not loose, the leaf surface density and the weight of a single leaf are large and the like still exist. Therefore, the technology of 'six upper leaves' mature harvesting and baking is continuously perfected, the weight of the upper leaf single leaf is reduced, the maturity of the tobacco leaves and the loose degree of the leaf structure are improved, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is further improved.
Chinese patent (CN 202010536088.4) discloses a feed liquid for increasing the scorched sweet aroma of tobacco leaves and a method for treating the tobacco leaves, wherein the feed liquid comprises sugar and solvent water, and the mass ratio of the sugar to the water is 1: 3-10; the water content of the flue-cured tobacco leaves is adjusted to 14 to 18 percent after the leaves are threshed; spraying the feed liquid on the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and adding materials; steaming the tobacco leaves added with the materials for a set time by using steam; putting the steamed tobacco leaves into a leaf storage cabinet for storage for a set time; and drying the stored tobacco leaves. The method can effectively increase the scorched sweet aroma of the tobacco leaves and relieve the problem of shortage of tobacco leaf raw materials with high-quality scorched sweet aroma. The main adding means of the method is that feed liquid is sprayed on the flue-cured tobacco leaves for feeding, so that the aroma components of the tobacco leaves are improved, and the method cannot directly control the aroma components in the tobacco leaves because the absorption speed and efficiency of the tobacco leaves on the feed liquid cannot be controlled, so that the quality of the tobacco leaves is inconsistent, and the production efficiency of the tobacco leaves cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves. The content of nitrogen-containing compounds in the tobacco leaves is reduced, the sugar content is increased, the chemical component coordination is increased, and the total amount of aroma substances is obviously increased; the upper tobacco leaf has improved aroma quality, increased aroma amount and sweet taste, and reduced irritation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting with stems, and cutting and harvesting with stems below the first leaf position at the top end;
s2, withering the airing room, and weaving rods for the upper leaves cut and harvested with the stems in the step S1, and then placing the rods into the airing room for airing;
s3, injecting the mixed solution, namely injecting the mixed solution into the stems aired in the step S2;
s4, drying, namely, sending the stalks injected in the step S3 into a curing barn for curing, comprising the following three processes: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation; and S43, controlling dry tendons.
Further, the regulation and control of the yellowing stage in the step S41 includes the following steps: delivering tobacco leaves into a curing barn, igniting, raising the temperature of dry pellets to 38 ℃ within 5-8h, controlling the temperature of wet pellets to 37 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 15-20 h; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 37-38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 20-25 hours; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 36-37 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 12-20 h; and finally, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2-3h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36-37 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 12-16h to finish the regulation and control of the yellowing period.
Further, the step S42 of color fixing control includes the following steps: heating the dry bulb to 48 ℃ at the speed of heating for 3h to 1 ℃, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 37-38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 12-20 h; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 8h-12 h; and then, the temperature is raised to 54 ℃ at the speed of 1-2h, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 39 ℃, and the temperature is stabilized for 12-16h, so that the color fixing regulation and control are completed.
Further, the step S43 tendon drying control includes the following processes: the dry bulb temperature is raised to 68 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature to 1 ℃ in 1h, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to be 40-42 ℃, and the dry tendon control is completed after the temperature is stabilized for 20-30 h.
Further, in the step S1, the leaf with stem is cut and harvested at a position 9-11cm below the first leaf position at the top end.
Further, the straw is woven in the step S2 and then is put into a drying room for drying for 3-5 days.
Further, in the step S2, the upper leaves with stems cut and harvested are braided into rods with 30 plants as a group.
Further, the mixed solution in step S3 includes a mixture of sugar, potassium carbonate, papain and water.
Further, the mass ratio of the saccharides, the potassium carbonate, the papain and the water is (5-10): (3-6): (0.1-0.5): (83.5-91.9).
Further, the saccharide includes any one of glucose, starch, sucrose and cellulose.
The mixed solution contains papain which can degrade macromolecular nitrogens, such as proteins, and residual micromolecular nitrogen-containing compounds in tobacco leaves can react with other molecules to reduce the total nitrogen content. However, the protein content can be reduced to 10-11% by the protease contained in the tobacco leaves themselves, and thus, in order to further reduce the protein content, the protein must be decomposed by an additional enzyme. And the protein can generate amino acid after being decomposed, and the amino acid is one of the main sources of the tobacco fragrance. In the process of preparing the tobacco leaves, the non-enzymatic browning reaction (Maillard reaction) of amino acid and reducing sugar is an important aroma reaction in the tobacco, can form pyrrole, pyrazine and furan compounds which have important influence on the aroma of the tobacco, and certain amino acid (phenylalanine and the like) can be directly decomposed into aroma substances such as benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol and the like, thereby having unique contribution to the aroma of the tobacco leaves.
In the process of baking tobacco leaves, along with the decomposition of protein and the conversion of amino acid, the total amount of amino acid in the tobacco leaves and the content of amino acid in different components are changed, the content and the composition condition of the amino acid in the tobacco leaves have important influence on the sensory quality and the style of the tobacco leaves, and the improvement of the content of free amino acid in the tobacco leaves is beneficial to increasing the fragrance and obtaining proper strength. The baking can greatly increase the total amount of amino acids in the tobacco leaves, and the large increase mainly occurs in the yellowing stage.
The yellowing stage is the most severe stage of the change of internal substances in tobacco leaves, the appearance of the tobacco leaves is changed from green to yellow, the interior of the tobacco leaves is mainly decomposed into various macromolecular substances, such as macromolecular carbohydrate starch, micromolecular reducing sugar, protein, chlorophyll and neophytadiene, and the like, and in addition, the stage is also accompanied with respiratory consumption such as carbohydrate, and energy is supplied to other enzymatic reactions to consume part of the carbohydrate. Therefore, the regulation and control of the temperature and the time in the stage are very important, and the content of the saccharides in the tobacco leaves can be ensured while the decomposition amount of the amino acid is ensured by matching with the supplemented mixed liquid.
The fixation period is to stop the decomposition of the substances in the yellowing stage as soon as possible, and the period is also the key period for the biosynthesis of small molecular substances. Such as: amino acid and saccharide can produce enzymatic browning reaction to form a kind of special fragrant material.
The main purpose of the stem drying period is to remove the residual moisture in the tobacco leaves after the first two stages, especially the stem, i.e. the main vein of the tobacco leaves. The process regulation and control at the stage can separate the vein moisture of the tobacco leaves, and provides safety guarantee for the storage of the tobacco leaves at the later stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves. The content of nitrogen-containing compounds in the tobacco leaves is reduced, the sugar content is increased, the chemical component coordination is increased, and the total amount of aroma substances is obviously increased; thereby improving the aroma quality of the upper tobacco leaves, increasing the aroma quantity and the sweet feeling, and reducing the irritation.
2. According to the method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of the upper leaves, provided by the invention, the mixed solution is injected into the stems, so that the method for prolonging the yellowing period time or externally applying spices to improve the aroma substances in the tobacco leaves in the traditional mode can be avoided, the control on the content of nitrogen and sugar in the tobacco leaves is more accurate, and the uniformity of the quality of the tobacco leaves can be ensured.
3. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of the upper leaves, provided by the invention, is simple to operate, wide in application range, capable of realizing large-scale production and extremely high in economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar in upper leaves according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them, and the invention is not limited to this embodiment.
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
in the embodiment of the invention, the tobacco leaves are selected from the tobacco leaves in the core demonstration area B1F grade of the county and the conventional upper leaves B1F of the non-demonstration area.
Example 1
A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves comprises the following specific steps:
s1, harvesting with stems: cutting 4 tobacco leaves at the upper part of the field with stems when the 3 rd leaf position turns yellow by 90 percent, the main vein turns white and bright, the included angle of the stem leaves is 55 degrees, the leaf edges of the leaf tips are slightly curled, and the position 9cm away from the 1 st leaf position (counted from bottom to top) is cut;
s2, withering in an airing room: 30 cut upper leaves with stems are grouped into a group, and are woven into rods, and the rods are placed into a drying room for drying for 3 days, so that the tobacco leaves are withered after dehydration;
s3, mixed solution injection: injecting the prepared mixed solution into the aired stalks. The mixed solution contains 5 percent of glucose, 3 percent of potassium carbonate and 0.1 percent of papain by mass, and the balance of water. The main purpose of the step is to use the stalks as channels to enable the mixed solution to enter the tobacco leaves, increase the sugar content, the potassium content and the enzyme activity in the tobacco leaves and prepare for the next baking;
s4, drying, and feeding the injected stalks into a curing barn for curing, wherein the method comprises the following three processes: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation; and S43, controlling the dried tobacco stems to obtain the upper tobacco leaves with the functions of reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar.
Step S41, the regulation and control of the yellowing stage includes the following processes: the tobacco leaves are sent into a curing barn, after ignition, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 38 ℃ within 5 hours, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to be 37 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 20 hours, the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 35Hz, and the tips of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature barn turn yellow. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 25h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse become yellow and reach the state that the leaves are dehydrated and softened. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the high-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves turn yellow to yellow and become yellow and green, and the main pulse is softened. And finally, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature for 2h to 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz so as to soften the yellow leaf and the green leaf of the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves, soften the main vein and hook the tips of the tobacco leaves.
Step S42, the color fixing control includes the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 48 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse are changed into yellow pieces and yellow ribs, and the tobacco leaves reach a small reel state. And then raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are changed to yellow ribs and reach the state of small rolls. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 54 ℃ at the speed of 1h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 39 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz so as to completely dry the leaves of the whole house tobacco leaves.
The step S43 dry tendon control includes the following processes: the temperature of the dry balls is raised to 68 ℃ at the speed of 1h and 1 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is controlled to be 40 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 30h, and the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 30Hz until the dry ribs of the tobacco leaves in the full kang are formed.
Example 2
A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves comprises the following specific steps:
s1, harvesting with stems: cutting 5 tobacco leaves at the upper part of the field with stems when the 3 rd leaf position turns yellow by 90%, the main vein turns white and bright, the included angle of the stem and the leaf is 60 degrees, the leaf edges of the leaf tips are slightly curled, and the part which is 10cm away from the 1 st leaf position (counted from bottom to top) is cut;
s2, withering in an airing room: 30 cut upper leaves with stems are grouped into a group, and are woven into rods, and the rods are placed into a drying room for drying for 4 days, so that the tobacco leaves are withered after dehydration;
s3, mixed solution injection: injecting the prepared mixed solution into the aired stalks. The mixed solution contains sucrose, potassium carbonate and papain, the contents of which are respectively 8%, 5% and 0.3% of the total mass, and the balance of water. The main purpose of the step is to use the stalks as channels to enable the mixed solution to enter the tobacco leaves, increase the sugar content, the potassium content and the enzyme activity in the tobacco leaves and prepare for the next baking;
s4, drying, and feeding the injected stalks into a curing barn for curing, wherein the method comprises the following three processes: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation and control; and S43, controlling the dried tobacco stems to obtain the upper tobacco leaves with the functions of reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar.
Step S41, the regulation and control of the yellowing stage includes the following processes: the tobacco leaves are sent into a curing barn, after ignition, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 38 ℃ within 7 hours, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to be 37 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 18 hours, the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 37Hz, and the tips of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse turn yellow. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 22h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 37Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse become yellow and reach the state that the leaves are dehydrated and softened. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 42Hz, so that the high-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves turn yellow to yellow and become yellow and green, and the main pulse is softened. And finally, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature for 2h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 14h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 43Hz so that the yellow leaf and the green leaf of the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are softened, and the tobacco leaves are hooked.
Step S42, the color fixing control includes the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 48 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 42Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature shed are changed into yellow pieces and yellow ribs, and the tobacco leaves reach a small reel state. And then raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 10h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 43Hz, so that the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are changed to yellow ribs and reach the state of small reels. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 54 ℃ at the speed of 1.5h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 39 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 14h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 37Hz so as to completely dry the leaves of the whole house tobacco leaves.
The step S43 dry gluten control includes the following processes: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 41 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 25h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz until the dry ribs of the tobacco leaves in the full kang are formed.
Example 3
A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves comprises the following specific steps:
s1, harvesting with stems: cutting 6 tobacco leaves at the upper part of the field with stems when the 3 rd leaf position turns yellow by 90 percent, the main vein turns white and bright, the included angle of the stem leaves is 65 degrees, the leaf edges of the leaf tips are slightly curled, and the position 11cm away from the 1 st leaf position (counted from bottom to top) is cut;
s2, withering in an airing room: 30 cut upper leaves with stems are grouped into a group, and are woven into rods, and the rods are placed into a drying room for drying for 5 days, so that the tobacco leaves are withered after dehydration;
s3, mixed solution injection: injecting the prepared mixed solution into the aired stalks. The mixed solution contains starch, potassium carbonate and papain, the contents of which are respectively 10%, 6% and 0.5% of the total mass, and the balance of water. The main purpose of the step is to use the stalks as channels to enable the mixed solution to enter the tobacco leaves, increase the sugar content, the potassium content and the enzyme activity in the tobacco leaves and prepare for the next baking;
s4, drying, and sending the injected stalks into a baking room for baking, wherein the method comprises the following three processes: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation; and S43, controlling the dried tobacco stems to obtain the upper tobacco leaves with the functions of reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar.
Step S41, the regulation of the yellowing stage includes the following steps: the tobacco leaves are sent into a curing barn, after ignition, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 38 ℃ within 8 hours, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to be 37 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 20 hours, the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 40Hz, and the tips of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature barn turn yellow. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse become yellow and reach the state that the leaves are dehydrated and softened. And then raising the temperature of the dry balls to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 45Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse turn yellow to yellow and become yellow and green ribs, and the main pulse is softened. And finally, raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature for 3h by 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 45Hz so as to soften the yellow leaf and the green leaf of the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves, and hooking the tips of the tobacco leaves.
Step S42, the color fixing control includes the following processes: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 48 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 45Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse are changed into yellow pieces and yellow ribs, and the tobacco leaves reach a small reel state. And then raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 8h, and changing the rotating speed frequency of a fan to 45Hz so that the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are changed to yellow ribs and reach the state of small rolls. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 54 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 39 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz so as to completely dry the leaves of the whole house tobacco leaves.
The step S43 dry tendon control includes the following processes: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry balls to 68 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 42 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz until the dry ribs of the tobacco leaves in the full kang are formed.
Comparative example 1
The tobacco leaves without upper stem without injecting the mixed solution were used as a comparative example
A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves comprises the following specific steps:
s1, harvesting without stems: 4 tobacco leaves at the upper part of the field are cut without stem when the 3 rd leaf position is 90% yellow, the main vein is white and bright, the included angle of the stem leaves is 55 degrees, the leaf tip margin is slightly curled, and the distance from the 1 st leaf position (counted from bottom to top) is 1 cm;
s2, withering in the air-drying room: 30 upper leaves which are not provided with stems and harvested are taken as a group, rod weaving is carried out, and the upper leaves are placed into a drying room for drying for 3 days after rod weaving, so that the tobacco leaves are dehydrated and withered;
s3, drying, and sending the aired stalks into a curing barn for curing, wherein the method comprises the following three processes: s31, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s32, color fixing regulation; and S33, controlling the dried tobacco stems to obtain the upper tobacco leaves with the functions of reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar.
Step S31, the regulation of the yellowing stage includes the following steps: the tobacco leaves are sent into a curing barn, after ignition, the dry bulb temperature is raised to 38 ℃ within 5 hours, the wet bulb temperature is controlled to be 37 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 20 hours, the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 35Hz, and the tips of the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature barn turn yellow. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature by 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 25h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse become yellow and reach the state that the leaves are dehydrated and softened. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the high-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves turn yellow to yellow and become yellow and green, and the main pulse is softened. And finally, raising the temperature of the dry balls to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet balls to 36 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz so that the yellow leaf and the green muscle of the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are softened, and the tobacco leaves are hooked.
Step S32, the color fixing control includes the following steps: and (3) raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 48 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 3h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 37 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 20h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the tobacco leaves in the high-temperature greenhouse are changed into yellow pieces and yellow ribs, and the tobacco leaves reach a small reel state. And then raising the temperature of the dry pellets to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet pellets to 38 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 12h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 40Hz, so that the low-temperature greenhouse tobacco leaves are changed to yellow ribs and reach the state of small rolls. And then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 54 ℃ at the speed of 1h and 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to 39 ℃, stabilizing the temperature for 16h, and controlling the rotating speed frequency of a fan to be 35Hz so as to completely dry the leaves of the whole house tobacco leaves.
The step S33 dry tendon control includes the following processes: the temperature of the dry balls is raised to 68 ℃ at the speed of 1h and 1 ℃, the temperature of the wet balls is controlled to be 40 ℃, the temperature is stabilized for 30h, and the rotating speed frequency of a fan is 30Hz until the dry ribs of the tobacco leaves in the full kang are formed.
Comparative example 2, the process was the same as that of comparative example 1 above, and comparative example 2 was different from example 2 in that the tobacco leaves in comparative example 2 were harvested without stems, and the tobacco leaves in comparative example 2 were not injected with the mixed solution.
Comparative example 3, the process is the same as that of comparative example 1 above, and comparative example 3 is different from example 3 in that the tobacco leaves in comparative example 3 are harvested without stems, and the tobacco leaves in comparative example 3 are not injected with the mixed solution.
The tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to appearance analysis and evaluation, and the specific evaluation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1-evaluation results of appearance analysis of tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the upper leaves harvested with stalks had better overall quality in appearance than the upper leaves harvested conventionally. The flue-cured tobacco leaves harvested with stems on the upper part are obviously improved in oil content, thickness, softness and color, the elasticity, color uniformity and gloss intensity are slightly improved, and the flue-cured tobacco leaves are particularly rich in oil content, moderate in thickness, good in softness, golden and yellow in color and uniform and consistent in color; conventional upper leaf oil has a slight thickness, good softness, deep yellow color and slight lack of color uniformity.
The tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were made into cigarettes and subjected to smoking evaluation as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2-evaluation results of smoking of cigarettes made of tobacco leaves obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from table 2, the sensory quality of the harvesting with stems is better than that of the conventional harvesting mode, and the specific indications are better in aroma texture, aroma amount, miscellaneous gas, fineness and irritation compared with the conventional harvesting mode, the aroma penetrability and clearness of the harvesting with stems are better, the upper leaves are light in scorched miscellaneous gas and nitrogen-containing gas, the smoke is finer and smoother, and the irritation is smaller. In the aspects of concentration and strength, the two harvesting modes have small integral difference, and the harvesting mode with the stem has slightly less strength.
Therefore, the technology of harvesting the tobacco leaves by the upper tobacco belt stems is adopted, the appearance quality of the upper tobacco can be effectively improved, the oil content, the thickness, the softness and the color of the upper tobacco are obviously improved, and the whole tobacco is changed into thin, bright and soft. In the aspect of chemical components, the chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves with stems at the upper part are in good harmony, and the total nitrogen content and the nitrogen-alkali ratio are in a decreasing trend. In the aspect of sensory quality, the aroma texture of the flue-cured tobacco leaves with stems on the upper part is improved, the scorched miscellaneous gas on the upper part is reduced, the smoke is softer and finer, the irritation is slight, and the integral sensory quality is obviously better than that of the conventional upper leaves.
The above-described aspects may be implemented individually or in various combinations, and such variations are within the scope of the present invention.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the specific embodiments of the invention be limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, harvesting with stems, and cutting and harvesting with stems below the first leaf position at the top end;
s2, withering the airing room, and weaving rods for the upper leaves cut and harvested with the stems in the step S1, and then placing the rods into the airing room for airing;
s3, injecting the mixed solution, namely injecting the mixed solution into the stems aired in the step S2;
s4, drying, and sending the stalks injected in the step S3 into a curing barn for curing, wherein the method comprises the following three steps: s41, regulating and controlling the yellowing stage; s42, color fixing regulation; s43, controlling dry tendons;
the step S41 of regulating the yellowing stage comprises the following steps: delivering tobacco leaves into a curing barn, igniting, raising the temperature of dry pellets to 38 ℃ within 5-8h, controlling the temperature of wet pellets to 37 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 15-20 h; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 40 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature to 1 ℃ every 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 37-38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 20-25 hours; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 42 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 36-37 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 12-20 h; finally, the temperature is raised to 44 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature to 1 ℃ for 2-3h, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 36-37 ℃, and the temperature is stabilized for 12-16h to finish the regulation and control of the yellowing period;
the step S42 color fixing control includes the following steps: heating the dry bulb to 48 ℃ at the speed of heating for 3h to 1 ℃, controlling the wet bulb temperature to be 37-38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 12-20 h; then raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 50 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1 ℃ for 2h, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 38 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 8h-12 h; then, the temperature is raised to 54 ℃ at the speed of 1-2h for raising the temperature to 1 ℃, the temperature of the wet bulb is controlled to 39 ℃, and the color fixing regulation and control are completed within 12-16h after the temperature is stabilized;
the step S43 dry tendon control includes the following processes: raising the temperature of the dry bulb to 68 ℃ at the speed of raising the temperature of 1h to 1 ℃, controlling the temperature of the wet bulb to be 40-42 ℃, and stabilizing the temperature for 20-30h to complete the dry tendon control;
the mixed solution in the step S3 comprises a mixture of saccharides, potassium carbonate, papain and water;
the mass ratio of the saccharides, the potassium carbonate, the papain and the water is (5-10): (3-6): (0.1-0.5): (83.5-91.9).
2. The method for lowering nitrogen and increasing sugar content in upper leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the stalk is cut at a position 9-11cm below the first leaf position at the top end.
3. The method for lowering nitrogen and increasing sugar content in upper leaves according to claim 1, wherein the upper leaves are placed in a drying room for drying for 3-5 days after being braided into rods in the step S2.
4. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar in upper leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper leaves with stems cut in step S2 are braided into rods with 30 plants as a group.
5. The method for reducing nitrogen and increasing sugar of upper leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sugar comprises any one of glucose, starch, sucrose and cellulose.
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| CN116019247A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-04-28 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Treatment method for improving quality of upper tobacco leaves and processing method |
| CN114747783B (en) * | 2022-05-14 | 2023-06-20 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for increasing the soluble sugar content of upper leaves |
| CN114747786B (en) * | 2022-05-14 | 2023-03-28 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for improving baking maturity of upper six tobacco leaves |
| CN115104750B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-07-21 | 河南农业大学 | Cigar harvesting and airing method suitable for dry climatic regions |
| CN116114902A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-05-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Modulation method for effectively improving degradation rate of starch and protein in sun-cured tobacco leaves |
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