CN113367163A - 天然驱虫灭菌香及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于制香领域，具体涉及一种天然驱虫灭菌香及其制备方法。天然驱虫灭菌香包括下述质量分组分：艾草60‑70份、炭粉6‑7份、苍术3‑7份、细辛2份、琥珀2份、龙脑4‑6份、檀香10‑14份、乳香3份。本发明得到的天然驱虫灭菌香可有效降低蚊虫侵袭，消毒灭菌。此款驱蚊虫香中的艾草、龙脑等香料气味辛芳，尤其是艾草挥发油和龙脑中易挥发的烯醇类物质可以有效驱蚊虫；苍术、琥珀、细辛等香料中的挥发油成分(如苍术挥发油、细辛挥发油等)可以有效灭菌，抑菌生长。此驱蚊虫香为复方香，其原料均来源于天然植物，对人体危害性小，且生产过程对环境友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制香领域，具体涉及一种天然驱虫灭菌香及其制备方法。
背景技术
香道，距今已有上千年历史，在传统生活中贵族阶层往往通过识香、品香、鉴香来丰富自身生活意趣。通过摆设香席、呈现香技和修练香法等环节，形成独特的文化和礼仪体系。合香是香道中重要的组成环节，是指用天然芳香类花草及辛香类香料及植物黏合剂(如白芨、榆树皮等)为原料，基于所需求的功效，以君、臣、佐、使的配伍原则制定配方，根据香药特性进行炮制、按照不同工艺要求制成各种香品，其中传统香还必须根据香材药性和制香需求，经过窨藏才能成为可供使用的香品。
现代社会的香文化逐渐式微，断代日渐严重，造成香的文化性被不断削弱，香的功能性也持续单一化。除了祭祀用香外，用香不再是日常起居必备仪式，因此造成其存在性减弱，传统文化不断流失。针对合香应用性下降的原因可以归结为两个方面，一方面是文化断代造成的香文化与香俗的流失；另一方面是传统熏香的使用问题。传统熏香的使用大致分为两种：一种是线香的熏焚，但是此种品香方式烟气过重，久熏可能会造成呼吸不畅；另一种则为隔火空熏，又称为隔炭空熏或埋炭熏香，此种方法虽然不会造成烟雾缭绕，但是操作麻烦且扩香略慢，目前市面也有电熏炉可以做香薰使用，所模拟的就是隔火空熏方式，但是价格高昂并未普及。
目前，市面上常见的蚊香大致分为三类：一类是传统蚊香，分为线香和盘香，依靠点燃驱蚊虫，其主要成分为对人体有害的有机磷类、氨基甲酸酯类以及菊酯类，其中有机磷成分的毒害性最大，且燃烧过程中产生超细微粒的烟尘，往往会对人和动物的呼吸道产生危害；另两类分别是电蚊香片和电蚊香，也采用熏香方式进行驱蚊虫，其中电蚊香片与电蚊香液含有易挥发物质，其主要成分为Es-生物烯丙菊酯，此类驱蚊虫香大部分为单一杀虫剂，往往使蚊虫易适应，从而导致驱蚊虫效果下降。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中的缺点，提供一种天然驱虫灭菌香及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种天然驱虫灭菌香，包括下述质量分组分：艾草60-70份、炭粉6-7份、苍术3-7份、细辛2份、琥珀2份、龙脑4-6份、檀香10-14份、乳香3份。
所述的艾草挂晒3个月后进行粉碎，去除新艾辛味，使艾草味道得到醇化再粉碎使用；所述的苍术取新鲜根茎洗去泥沙，剪去根须，用米泔水浸泡蒸制30-40min后，切成1-1.5cm的厚片，文火炒制微黄再粉碎使用。
取所述的艾草重量的一半和全部的细辛、苍术，混合后过40目筛2次作为抑菌混合液的制备原料；剩余所有的原料粉碎后过80目筛2次。
抑菌混合液采用下述制备方法制备：
每100g抑菌混合液的制备原料粉碎混匀后，通过间歇式喷雾装置加水配制成含有50％水分的样品，将样品浸润4-6小时后放入微波萃取装置，设定功率为480w，萃取3小时得到混合液即为抑菌混合液。
本发明还包括一种所述的天然驱虫灭菌香的制备方法，其特征在于，采用下述步骤：
步骤1，处理原料；取所述的艾草重量的50％和全部的细辛、苍术，混合后过40目筛作为抑菌混合液的制备原料；剩余所有的原料粉碎后过80目筛；余一半艾草是作为抑菌液挥发的载体使抑菌液不至于快速挥发，香气挥发均匀稳定，可以持续灭菌，同时具有中和非抑菌液香材香气的作用。
步骤2，抑菌混合液的制备：每100g抑菌混合液的制备原料粉碎混匀后，通过间歇式喷雾装置加水配制成含有50％水分的样品，将样品浸润4-6小时后放入微波萃取装置，设定功率为480w，萃取3小时得到混合液即为抑菌混合液。
步骤3，炼蜜和丸：每500g蜂蜜加100g水，小火熬至390g形成炼蜜，等待炼蜜冷却至30℃，将步骤1的香粉与以及步骤2的抑菌混合液加入与同等质量的炼蜜，混匀揉搓成1g的香丸；
步骤4，窨藏处理：通风避光处阴干2-5天，再密封窨藏20天；
步骤5，包装：将合香香丸单独用油纸密封包装，以玻璃瓶密封，10丸为一罐。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明得到的天然驱虫灭菌香可有效降低蚊虫侵袭，消毒灭菌。此款驱蚊虫香中的艾草、龙脑等香料气味辛芳，尤其是艾草挥发油和龙脑中易挥发的烯醇类物质可以有效驱蚊虫；苍术、琥珀、细辛等香料中的挥发油成分(如苍术挥发油、细辛挥发油等)可以有效灭菌，抑菌生长。此驱蚊虫香为复方香，其原料均来源于天然植物，对人体危害性小，且生产过程对环境友好。
本发明的部分原料采用微波萃取法进行提取，唯一溶剂为水因此对环境危害性小且操作方便。同时，对比有机溶剂萃取法，减少了试剂成本的同时最大程度保留药材药性，对比水蒸气蒸馏法，其萃取率较提高32.07％。
本发明香丸气味稳定持久易挥发，既可佩戴使用，也可以适用于多种型号电蚊香器。佩戴使用：每次佩戴5g可维持驱蚊虫灭菌效果约30天；电蚊香器熏香使用：1g香丸可熏10小时。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1：抑菌混合液的制备：将购自北京同仁堂诚安药材有限公司艾草80g、苍术16g、细辛4g粉碎处理，40目过筛两次。表1中示出不同条件下的提取结果。
表1
从表1的结果可以看出，采用微波萃取得到的抑菌混合液的提取率最高，表2示出采用微波萃取的方法，不同的微波功率，浸润时间，含水量以及萃取时间对于结果的影响。
表2
根据上述实验结果，确认其最优萃取条件为：样品含水量为50％、浸润时间为4h、微波功率为480W、萃取时间为3h，最终总提取率为1.72％。
将序号6的实验获得的抑菌混合液进行抑菌效果实验：主要实验菌种为大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。采用滤纸片法进行抑菌圈测定以此来反应其抑菌效果，进行三组平行试验其结果如下表3示出。
表3
| 原液 | 大肠杆菌/mm | 金黄色葡萄球菌/mm |
| 1 | 22.6 | 12.3 |
| 2 | 25.2 | 14.7 |
| 3 | 21.4 | 16.3 |
| 平均 | 23.1 | 21.7 |
实施例2：天然驱虫灭菌香的制备：
步骤1，原料处理：其材料成分包含以下8种：艾草70g、苍术3g、细辛2g、琥珀2g、龙脑4g、檀香10g、乳香3g、炭粉6g。精选无霉变、无虫蛀的原料晾干后粉碎，其中艾草需要挂晒3个月后再粉碎，去除新艾辛味，使艾草味道得到醇化再粉碎使用；苍术取新鲜根茎洗去泥沙，剪去根须，用米泔水浸泡蒸制30-40min后，切成1-1.5cm的厚片，文火炒制微黄再粉碎使用；细辛、檀香、琥珀、乳香、龙脑、竹炭等香材直接粉碎备用；其中，粉粹后50％重量的艾草、以及全部细辛、苍术使用40目筛网筛滤2次外，其余香材使用80目筛网筛滤2次。确保所有原料的粉质细腻程度一致。
步骤2，抑菌混合液的制备：通过40目筛网筛滤的三种药材样品混匀后，通过间歇式喷雾装置加水配制成含有50％水分的样品，将样品浸润4小时后放入微波萃取装置，设定功率为480w，萃取3小时得到混合液。实验发现，过40目筛的原料制得的抑菌混合液的提取率高，若原材料粉碎过细则会导致粉液粘结不利于抑菌液的提取，若原材料粉碎过粗则不利于细胞破碎同样导致抑菌率提取率低，综上所述40目粉碎是为最佳条件。
步骤3，炼蜜和丸：每500g蜂蜜加100g水，小火熬至390g，等待炼蜜冷却至30℃制备得到炼蜜，将步骤1的香粉与以及步骤2的抑菌混合液加入与同等质量的炼蜜，混匀揉搓成1g的香丸。
步骤4，窨藏处理：刚做好的香丸较软且易发霉，需在通风避光处阴干5-7天，再密封窨藏60天。
步骤5，包装：将合香香丸单独用油纸密封包装，以玻璃瓶密封，10丸为一罐。
实施例3：实施例3与实施例2的区别仅在于，原料的数量不同，其材料成分包含以下8种：艾草60g、苍术7g、细辛2g、琥珀2g、龙脑6g、檀香14g、乳香3g、炭粉7g。
灭菌性与抑菌性试验：配置细菌培养基：LB培养基；真菌培养基：马丁氏(Martin)琼脂培养基。放线菌培养基：高氏(Gause)1号培养基。取10g土壤样本置于90mL无菌水中充分震荡，依次按照梯度稀释到10-4，备用。采用涂布培养法将稀释10-2、10-4、10-4浓度的样品置于真菌培养基、细菌培养基、放线菌培养基中28℃培养。进行三组平行试验，在其培养过程中，分别将实例1、实例2以及空白对照用USB电蚊香器加热并置于培养箱中熏12小时，细菌培养时间为24小时、真菌为48小时、放线菌为96小时，培养结束后进行菌群计数。表4示出抗菌实验效果。
表4
根据实验结果显示，实例2和实例3具有明显的抑制菌群生长的作用。
驱虫性实验
供试蚊虫：白纹伊蚊，羽化后4～5d成蚊600只。
取实例2、实例3和空白对照，分别在50cm*50cm*100cm透明箱中，密封熏香10h后，打开箱体顶盖记录12h内，蚊子着落箱体次数。表5示出不同的实施例的驱蚊效果
表5
根据表3数据显示，实例1与实例2具有驱蚊功效。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种天然驱虫灭菌香，其特征在于，包括下述质量分组分：艾草60-70份、炭粉6-7份、苍术3-7份、细辛2份、琥珀2份、龙脑4-6份、檀香10-14份、乳香3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然驱虫灭菌香，其特征在于，所述的艾草挂晒3个月后进行粉碎，去除新艾辛味，使艾草味道得到醇化再粉碎使用；所述的苍术取新鲜根茎洗去泥沙，剪去根须，用米泔水浸泡蒸制30-40min后，切成1-1.5cm的厚片，文火炒制微黄再粉碎使用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的天然驱虫灭菌香，其特征在于，取所述的艾草重量的一半和全部的细辛、苍术，混合后过40目筛作为抑菌混合液的制备原料；剩余所有的原料粉碎后过80目筛。
4.根据权利要求3所述的天然驱虫灭菌香，其特征在于，抑菌混合液采用下述制备方法制备：
每100g抑菌混合液的制备原料粉碎混匀后，通过间歇式喷雾装置加水配制成含有50％水分的样品，将样品浸润4-6小时后放入微波萃取装置，设定功率为480w，萃取3小时得到混合液即为抑菌混合液。
5.一种权利要求1-4任一项所述的天然驱虫灭菌香的制备方法，其特征在于，采用下述步骤：
步骤1，处理原料；取所述的艾草重量的50％和全部的细辛、苍术，混合后过40目筛作为抑菌混合液的制备原料；剩余所有的原料粉碎后过80目筛。
步骤2，抑菌混合液的制备：每100g抑菌混合液的制备原料粉碎混匀后，通过间歇式喷雾装置加水配制成含有50％水分的样品，将样品浸润4-6小时后放入微波萃取装置，设定功率为480w，萃取3小时得到混合液即为抑菌混合液。
步骤3，炼蜜和丸：每500g蜂蜜加100g水，小火熬至390g形成炼蜜，等待炼蜜冷却至30℃，将步骤1的香粉与以及步骤2的抑菌混合液加入与同等质量的炼蜜，混匀揉搓成1g的香丸；
步骤4，窨藏处理：通风避光处阴干2-5天，再密封窨藏20天；
步骤5，包装：将合香香丸单独用油纸密封包装，以玻璃瓶密封，10丸为一罐。
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