CN113366167B - 粗妥尔油的分级分离 - Google Patents
粗妥尔油的分级分离 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113366167B CN113366167B CN201980081523.4A CN201980081523A CN113366167B CN 113366167 B CN113366167 B CN 113366167B CN 201980081523 A CN201980081523 A CN 201980081523A CN 113366167 B CN113366167 B CN 113366167B
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- tall oil
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- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940068065 phytosterols Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Chemical class C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Chemical class O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Chemical class OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930182558 Sterol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sitostanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000003702 sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-JFBKYFIKSA-N Sitostanol Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@](C)([C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)CC)C)CC4)CC3)CC2)CC1 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-JFBKYFIKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-HRJGVYIJSA-N stigmastanol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-HRJGVYIJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VGSSUFQMXBFFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (24R)-24-ethyl-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5,6beta-triol Natural products C1C(O)C2(O)CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 VGSSUFQMXBFFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-ANOYILKDSA-N (3s,8r,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-17-[(2r,5s)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol Chemical class C1CC2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-ANOYILKDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 CTO compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N abietic acid Chemical compound C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-ONCXSQPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000061 acid fraction Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012296 anti-solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000002378 plant sterols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000015500 sitosterol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940083492 sitosterols Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003432 sterols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XWMMEBCFHUKHEX-MRTCRTFGSA-N (+)-Taraxasterol Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]2CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3[C@H](C)C(=C)CC[C@]3(C)CC[C@]21C XWMMEBCFHUKHEX-MRTCRTFGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-(24xi)-24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)C=CC(C)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMKPCZNFLUQTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4aR)-10c-Hydroxy-1t.2c.4ar.6at.6bc.9.9.12ac-octamethyl-(8atH.12btH.14acH.14btH)-docosahydro-picen Natural products CC1CCC2(C)CCC3(C)C(CCC4C5(C)CCC(O)C(C)(C)C5CCC34C)C2C1C QMKPCZNFLUQTJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARYTXMNEANMLMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24alpha-methylcholestanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(C)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 ARYTXMNEANMLMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-NRHJOKMGSA-N Brassicasterol Natural products O[C@@H]1CC=2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]4[C@](C)([C@H]([C@@H](/C=C/[C@H](C(C)C)C)C)CC4)CC3)CC=2)CC1 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-NRHJOKMGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-ZRUUVFCLSA-N UNPD197407 Natural products C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)C=C[C@H](C)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-ZRUUVFCLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004420 brassicasterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-ZAUYPBDWSA-N brassicasterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-ZAUYPBDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ARYTXMNEANMLMU-ATEDBJNTSA-N campestanol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](C)C(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 ARYTXMNEANMLMU-ATEDBJNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000431 campesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940075999 phytosterol ester Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-GJAZBXDESA-N poriferastan-3beta-ol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-GJAZBXDESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- NGFFRJBGMSPDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N psi-Taraxasterol Natural products CC12CCC(O)C(C)(C)C1CCC1(C)C2CCC2C3C(C)C(C)=CCC3(C)CCC21C NGFFRJBGMSPDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sitosterol Natural products CC=C(/CCC(C)C1CC2C3=CCC4C(C)C(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC2(C)C1)C(C)C NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000016831 stigmasterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HUTYZQWCTWWXND-NCTFTGAASA-N taraxasterol Natural products C[C@H]1[C@H]2C3=CC[C@@H]4[C@@]5(C)CC[C@H](O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]5CC[C@@]4(C)[C@]3(C)C[C@H](O)[C@@]2(C)CCC1=C HUTYZQWCTWWXND-NCTFTGAASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
- C11B13/005—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials of residues of the fabrication of wood-cellulose (in particular tall-oil)
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0042—Fractionating or concentration of spent liquors by special methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/10—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features
- B01D15/18—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns
- B01D15/1814—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by constructional or operational features relating to flow patterns recycling of the fraction to be distributed
- B01D15/1821—Simulated moving beds
- B01D15/185—Simulated moving beds characterized by the components to be separated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07J—STEROIDS
- C07J9/00—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane
- C07J9/005—Normal steroids containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen or oxygen substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of more than two carbon atoms, e.g. cholane, cholestane, coprostane containing a carboxylic function directly attached or attached by a chain containing only carbon atoms to the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09F—NATURAL RESINS; FRENCH POLISH; DRYING-OILS; OIL DRYING AGENTS, i.e. SICCATIVES; TURPENTINE
- C09F1/00—Obtaining purification, or chemical modification of natural resins, e.g. oleo-resins
- C09F1/02—Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
- C11C1/08—Refining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2215/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with adsorbents
- B01D2215/02—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with adsorbents with moving adsorbents
- B01D2215/023—Simulated moving beds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及源自硫酸盐工艺黑液的粗妥尔油的分级分离。在根据本发明的方法中，使用模拟移动床(SMB)色谱法从粗妥尔油有效地分离级分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及源自硫酸盐(Kraft)工艺黑液的粗妥尔油的分级分离(fractionation，分馏)。在根据本发明的方法中，使用模拟移动床(SMB)色谱法从粗妥尔油有效地分离级分(fractions，馏分)。
背景技术
在硫酸盐浆的生产期间，形成黑液并且将其从所生产的纸浆移除。移除的黑液包含需要从黑液分离的皂，因为皂包含有价值的原材料。将皂从黑液分离的另一个原因是皂可在黑液的后续处理步骤期间引起问题。
分离的皂包含提取物、水、木质素、无机化合物、纤维和一些黑液。CTO的脂肪酸和树脂酸在皂中以钠盐的形式存在。皂中的每种组分的量取决于原材料以及其季节性变化、所使用的制浆工艺和将皂从黑液分离的工艺，即撇皂工艺(soap skimming process)。CTO主要由脂肪酸和树脂酸以及不能皂化的物质(不皂化物，unsaponifiables)组成。
粗妥尔油是一种有价值的原材料，并且从皂收取尽可能多的粗妥尔油非常重要。粗妥尔油可用作各种化学品和其他产品(例如生物柴油或洗涤剂)的原材料。
通过在一定温度下向皂添加酸，可将CTO从皂分离。在皂和添加的酸混合之后，形成妥尔油，然后由于多个相的密度差异，其分离成三个主要相；CTO相、木质素相和废酸相(也称为盐水)。木质素和废酸相是CTO生产中的废料(rejects)，并且需要在CTO的收取期间将它们与CTO相很好地分离。
从皂分离最佳量的CTO所需的酸量取决于皂的品质，例如CTO含量、水含量、纤维含量、木质素含量和/或黑液含量。如今，通常测量皂的密度以及废酸的pH和密度来衡量从皂分离最佳量的CTO而需要添加的酸和水的量。这些测量在线完成，并且之后调整所需的酸和水的量，即反馈控制。
传统上，使用真空蒸馏来将CTO分级分离(fractionated，分级/分馏)成级分(fractions，馏分)，如头馏分(heads，轻质、低沸点化合物)、脂肪酸、松香酸和沥青(蒸馏残余物)。此外，由于脂肪酸和松香酸的沸点相似，因此可收集中间馏分以防止脂肪酸和松香酸馏分的污染。在高温下蒸馏CTO期间，醇与羧酸发生酯化，导致游离酸馏分的产率降低和较低价值沥青馏分的增加。此外，在高温蒸馏期间可发生化合物的热分解。
如上所述，CTO可用于生产多种不同的产品。替代地，可首先将CTO分离成不能皂化的物质和高酸值CTO。高酸值CTO可被进一步分离成松香酸和脂肪酸。不能皂化的物质级分含有i.a.植物甾醇。
植物甾醇具有多种用途，包括用作食品添加剂和用作类固醇的前体。已经报道了几种从妥尔油皂分离甾醇的方法，例如用各种有机溶剂提取纯(neat)皂。
目前，植物甾醇是商业生产的，例如从妥尔油沥青。由于在蒸馏期间形成酯，如果目标是生产游离植物甾醇，则必须将植物甾醇酯水解。这需要另外的工艺步骤。
发明内容
出人意料地发现，根据本发明的方法可用于更有效地将CTO分离成一种中性级分和一种中性贫化的级分。中性级分主要含有通常描述为不能皂化的物质的组分。中性贫化的级分主要含有诸如高品质CTO(也称为高酸值CTO)等组分。
因此，本发明涉及一种从粗妥尔油分离组分的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供粗妥尔油，
b)使粗妥尔油经历模拟移动床色谱法，从而将粗妥尔油分离成至少两个级分，和
c)收取每个级分，其中每个级分含有至少一种组分。
本发明还涉及根据本发明的方法收取的级分。
具体实施方式
在步骤b)中使用的模拟移动床(SMB)色谱法是连续的，即，将粗妥尔油分离成至少两个级分的过程是连续完成的。顺序模拟移动床色谱(SSMB)系统具有两个或更多个可为相同的塔(柱)，这些塔连接至流动相泵，并且通过多端口阀彼此连接。该配置使得所有塔串联连接，形成单一的连续环路。优选地，在每个塔之间有一个阀，从而能够实现四种工艺物流之一：进入的进料混合物、离开的纯化的快洗脱组分(萃余液)、离开的纯化的慢洗脱组分(提取物)和进入的洗涤溶剂或洗脱剂。每个工艺物流(两个入口和两个出口)在设定的时间后以相同的方向前进。
在根据本发明的色谱法中使用的洗涤溶剂是能够使CTO化合物溶剂化的有机溶剂。优选地，在所述色谱法中使用的溶剂为甲苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、乙酸或其混合物。
在所述色谱法中使用的固相(固定相)优选为二氧化硅、氧化铝、沸石或带有极性基团的聚合物树脂。优选地，固相是极性的，例如沸石。
优选地，步骤b)最初提供分离成一种中性级分和一种中性贫化的级分。中性级分含有通常描述为不能皂化的物质的组分。中性贫化的级分含有诸如高品质CTO(也称为高酸值CTO)等组分。
妥尔油酸值可使用本领域已知的方法测定。评估妥尔油的品质的一种方法是描述其酸值，其为中和1g的CTO所需的氢氧化钾的以毫克为单位的量。如本文所使用，术语“高酸值CTO”意指酸值为至少170(例如至少175或至少180)的粗妥尔油。
从中性级分中，植物甾醇优选与其他中性化合物分离，例如通过蒸馏、提取和/或结晶，主要使用本领域已知的方法。如果中性级分含有一些洗涤溶剂，则可将溶剂蒸馏掉或替代地作为沉淀/结晶溶剂系统的一部分。产生的沉淀物/晶体可通过真空蒸馏或重结晶或其组合进一步纯化，任选地随后干燥。
从中性贫化的级分中，如果高品质CTO含有洗涤溶剂，则可将该溶剂蒸馏掉并且将残留物作为高品质CTO收取。替代地，可用色谱系统或标准真空蒸馏将HQ-CTO进一步分级分离为妥尔油脂肪酸和妥尔油松香酸。在一个实施方案中，脂肪酸与松香酸的分离在SSMB分离的另外的步骤中进行。在另一个实施方案中，首先通过酯化将高酸值CTO转化为脂肪酸甲酯和松香酸的混合物。随后可使用本领域已知的方法将脂肪酸甲酯和松香酸彼此分离。
术语“植物甾醇”旨在意指衍生自植物的甾醇并且涵盖所有植物甾醇及其植物甾醇的饱和形式(即植物甾烷醇，phytostanols)。植物甾醇属于以下三种类别之一：4-脱甲基甾醇(缺乏甲基)；4-一甲基甾醇(一个甲基)；和4,4-二甲基甾醇(两个甲基)，并且包括但不限于谷甾醇(例如[α]和[β]谷甾醇)、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、蒲公英甾醇和芸苔甾醇。术语“植物甾烷醇”旨在意指饱和的植物甾醇并且涵盖但不限于谷甾烷醇(例如[α]和[β]谷甾烷醇)、菜油甾烷醇、豆甾烷醇、氯甾烷醇(clionastanol)和芸苔烷醇。如本文所述的那样分离的植物甾醇可通过本领域已知的任何方式进行定量。
植物甾醇结晶可使用本领域已知的方法进行，包括：冷却，通过蒸馏除去一些溶剂来浓缩，蒸发至干随后引入植物甾醇仅在升高的温度下溶解的溶剂或溶剂混合物随后冷却或通过用植物甾醇晶体加种(seeding，引晶/种晶)或添加反溶剂。优选地，SSMB纯化中的洗涤溶剂应选择为使得CTO在适合于在SMB中使用的温度(例如20-100℃的温度)下完全溶解在所述溶剂中，溶剂使得在将所述溶剂冷却至大约室温或以下时，植物甾醇从所述溶剂沉淀或结晶。沉淀或结晶可在蒸发(例如蒸馏掉一些或全部的所述溶剂)的步骤之后发生。替代地，可添加其他溶剂(例如反溶剂)，以促进植物甾醇的沉淀或结晶，任选地与加种结合。
根据本发明的方法可作为间歇过程或作为连续过程进行。
优选地，粗妥尔油在经历模拟床移动色谱法之前被预处理。预处理优选包括除去可导致色谱系统堵塞的纤维和任何其他组分。
作为粗妥尔油的替代物，脂松香(也称为松脂(colophony)或希腊沥青(Greekpitch))可用于根据本发明的方法中。
鉴于本发明的以上详细描述，其他修改和变型对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。然而，应显而易见的是，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可以实现这样的其他修改和变型。
Claims (6)
1.从粗妥尔油分离组分的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供粗妥尔油，
b)使粗妥尔油经历模拟移动床色谱法，从而将粗妥尔油分离成至少两个级分，和
c)收取每个级分，其中每个级分含有至少一种组分，
其中级分之一是主要含有酸值为至少170的粗妥尔油的级分，以及
其中在所述色谱法中使用的固相是二氧化硅、氧化铝、沸石或来自带有极性基团的聚合物树脂，
其中模拟移动床色谱法是顺序模拟移动床色谱法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中级分之一是主要含有不能皂化的物质的级分。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法，其中在所述色谱法中使用的溶剂为甲苯、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、丁酮、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、二甲苯、二氯甲烷、氯仿、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸亚乙酯、乙酸或其混合物。
4.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法，其中从至少一种收取的级分分离植物甾醇。
5.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的方法，其中从至少一种收取的级分分离酸值为至少170的粗妥尔油。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的方法分离和收取的级分。
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| PCT/IB2019/060503 WO2020121140A1 (en) | 2018-12-11 | 2019-12-06 | Fractionation of crude tall oil |
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| EP3894625A1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
| CA3120924A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
| EP3894625A4 (en) | 2022-09-28 |
| US20220018069A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
| SE542797C2 (en) | 2020-07-07 |
| WO2020121140A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
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| SE1851548A1 (en) | 2020-06-12 |
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