CN113362986B - Single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113362986B
CN113362986B CN202110669010.4A CN202110669010A CN113362986B CN 113362986 B CN113362986 B CN 113362986B CN 202110669010 A CN202110669010 A CN 202110669010A CN 113362986 B CN113362986 B CN 113362986B
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layer
water
blocking
conductor
flame
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CN113362986A (en
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唐波
曹永富
余晓富
程洪建
杨子仪
曹昕
梁洪敏
刘少新
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Guangdong Zhongbao Cable Co ltd
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Guangdong Zhongbao Cable Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/24—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/12—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances ceramics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/2825—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable using a water impermeable sheath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable
    • H01B7/288—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable using hygroscopic material or material swelling in the presence of liquid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/14—Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cable manufacturing, and discloses a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and a preparation method thereof. The single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and the preparation method thereof have good fire resistance, and the cable can supply power for a long time in case of fire, thereby facilitating the smooth escape of personnel in the fire scene.

Description

Single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable manufacturing, in particular to a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous acceleration of urbanization and the medium-and-long-term development and planning of railways in China, the medium-voltage power distribution system in engineering buildings and rail transit tunnels puts forward very high requirements on the flame retardance and the fire resistance of medium-voltage power cables, most of the cables still adopt conventional flame-retardant cables at present, and the safety performance of the cables cannot meet the requirements of fire safety levels.
Most of the existing cables are single in structure and function, but due to the fact that installation environments of the cables are more and more complex, the conventional cables cannot meet numerous specific requirements at the same time. For example, some cables have a certain waterproof function, but when the cables are laid and damaged, and the cable joints are not well treated, water or moisture enters the cables. Therefore, waterproof requirements are provided for the cable on some occasions, meanwhile, the existing flame-retardant cable only needs to reach low-smoke halogen-free bundled combustion performance and lacks a cable combustion performance grading standard, along with the issuance and implementation of civil building electrical design standard GB 51348-. The traditional medium-voltage cable with the voltage of 6-35 kV and the like has low requirement on the fire resistance of the cable, and the cable cannot supply power for a long time when a fire disaster occurs, so that people in the fire disaster are not facilitated to escape smoothly.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit and the preparation method thereof are good in fire resistance, and the cable can supply power for a long time in case of fire, so that people in the fire scene can escape smoothly.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit, which comprises a conductor, wherein a co-extrusion layer, a first waterproof layer, a shielding layer, a second waterproof layer, a third waterproof layer, an oxygen barrier, an armored metal layer, a fireproof layer and an outer protective layer are sequentially arranged from the conductor to the outside, waterproof yarns are respectively arranged on the first waterproof layer and the second waterproof layer towards the shielding layer, waterproof powder is attached to one side of each waterproof yarn towards the shielding layer, and the second waterproof layer is wrapped with the metal layer along the axial direction to form the third waterproof layer.
Preferably, the shielding layer comprises a copper wire and a copper strip, the copper wire is sparsely wound on the outer side of the first waterproof layer, and the copper strip is wound in a gap manner in the outer side direction of the copper wire.
Preferably, the armored metal layer comprises double layers of non-magnetic metal strips, the double layers of non-magnetic metal strips are wound at intervals outside the oxygen isolation layer to form the armored metal layer, and the gap rate is less than or equal to 50%.
Preferably, the fireproof layer comprises a silicon rubber ceramic band, and the silicon rubber ceramic band is lapped and wrapped outside the armored metal layer in an overlapping mode to form the fireproof layer.
Preferably, the oxygen barrier layer is formed by extruding high-flame-retardant low-smoke halogen-free polyolefin oxygen barrier material on the outer side of the third water barrier layer.
As a preferred scheme, the co-extrusion layer comprises a conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer and an insulating shielding layer, wherein the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are sequentially far away from the conductor.
A preparation method of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit comprises the following steps: step 1: the cable comprises a conductor, wherein a co-extrusion layer is coated on the outer side of the conductor and comprises a conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer and an insulating shielding layer, the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are sequentially arranged away from the conductor, and the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are co-extruded in three layers through a vertical cross-linking production process or a catenary cross-linking production process;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that a semi-conductive single-sided water-blocking tape is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of an insulating shielding layer in an overlapping mode to form a first water-blocking layer, the overlapping rate of the first water-blocking layer is set to be 15% -20%, a copper wire is lapped and wound on the outer side of the first water-blocking layer in a sparse mode, a copper strip is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of the copper wire in a reverse clearance mode to form a shielding layer, the outer side of the shielding layer is lapped and wrapped with the water-blocking tape to form a second water-blocking layer, the overlapping rate of the second water-blocking layer is set to be 15% -20%, and water-blocking powder is arranged on one side, facing the shielding layer, of the first water-blocking layer and one side, facing the shielding layer, of the second water-blocking layer;
and step 3: longitudinally wrapping an aluminum-plastic composite tape on the outer side of the second water-resistant layer along the axial direction of the conductor to form a third water-resistant layer, extruding a high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen-barrier material on the outer side of the third water-resistant layer to form an oxygen-barrier layer, wherein the oxygen index of the oxygen-barrier layer is not less than 45, and two layers of non-metallic magnetic tapes are wound on the outer side of the oxygen-barrier layer at intervals to form an armored metal layer, and the clearance rate of the armored metal layer is not more than 50%;
and 4, step 4: overlapping and wrapping a ceramic silicon rubber belt around the outer side of the armored metal layer to form a fireproof layer, wherein the overlapping rate of the fireproof layer is set to be 20% -25%, and the outer side of the fireproof layer forms an outer protective layer through extrusion molding halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin.
Preferably, in the step 1, the conductor includes a plurality of copper element wires, the plurality of copper element wires are made into the conductor by drawing and pressing each layer of copper element wires layer by layer through a frame twisting machine, and a pressing coefficient of the copper element wires on the cross section of the conductor reaches 0.9.
Preferably, in the step 3, the thickness of the third water-blocking layer is 0.3mm, the overlapping width of the third water-blocking layer is 5-10 mm, and the third water-blocking layer is heated by a mold during longitudinal wrapping to enable the aluminum-plastic composite tape to be self-adhered.
Preferably, in the step 4, the silicon rubber ceramic band is arranged on 2-4 layers, the outer protective layer is formed by adding halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin particles into an extruding machine, the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin particles are heated to be converted into a molten state from a solid state, and the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin in the molten state is conveyed to a machine head to be extruded on the surface of the fireproof layer through the screw of a screw rod in the extruding machine.
Compared with the prior art, the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit has the beneficial effects that: through the first, second and third water-resistant layers. When water longitudinally enters the cable, the water blocking yarns on the first water blocking layer and the second water blocking layer absorb water and expand to form a water absorption expansion net, meanwhile, the water blocking powder attached to the water blocking yarns rapidly absorbs water molecules to expand to seal meshes of the water absorption expansion net, the water blocking yarns provide support for the water blocking powder, and the uniform distribution of the water blocking powder is promoted through the meshes after water absorption expansion, so that the water blocking powder can be uniformly distributed on the water blocking yarns after water absorption expansion to form a compact closed water blocking layer, the two water blocking layers form a closed space to prevent water from longitudinally spreading along the cable, when water enters the cable in the radial direction, the outer layer of the aluminum-plastic composite belt is a metal layer, so that the water can be effectively prevented from permeating into the cable, a good water blocking effect is achieved, the water is prevented from being damaged by spreading of a conductor, and the waterproof requirement of the rail transit cable is met. Through the setting of flame retardant coating, can block heat, flame and stretch toward the cable in, through the setting of armor metal layer, the metal has incombustibility and combines behind the flame retardant coating fires the fritted shell, blocks the outer oxygen of cable through separating the oxygen layer, protects the cable to improve the fire behavior of cable, the cable can supply power for a long time when the conflagration breaks out, is convenient for be in conflagration scene personnel's the smooth escape.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has the beneficial effects that: on one hand, by arranging a first water-blocking layer, a second water-blocking layer and a third water-blocking layer, wherein the first water-blocking layer and the second water-blocking layer are water-blocking tapes, one side of each water-blocking tape is coated with water-blocking powder, when water longitudinally enters the cable, the water-blocking powder rapidly absorbs water molecules to expand, the two water-blocking layers form a closed space to prevent the water from longitudinally spreading along the cable, and in addition, the third water-blocking layer adopts a longitudinally-coated aluminum-plastic composite tape, the water-blocking tapes pass through the proper mold and are heated to form a closed loop; on the other hand, the oxygen-isolating layer is arranged, extruded high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen-isolating materials are adopted, a non-magnetic metal belt is combined, a ceramic silicon rubber belt is wrapped outside the metal belt, and the ceramic silicon rubber belt has the characteristic of good crusting property, so that the cable can achieve the flame-retardant and fire-resistant performances of B1 level.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for 6-35 kV rail transit in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test result of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for 6-35 kV rail transit in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of test data of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for 6-35 kV rail transit in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure:
01. a conductor; 02. co-extruding the layers; 03. a first water resistant layer; 04. a shielding layer; 05. a second water resistant layer; 06. a third water resistant layer; 07. an oxygen barrier layer; 08. a metal clad layer; 09. a fire barrier layer; 10. an outer jacket;
21. a conductor shield layer; 22. an insulating layer; 23. and an insulating shielding layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. used herein are used to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "connected," "fixed," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the connection can be mechanical connection or welding connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a conductor 01, a co-extrusion layer 02, a first water-blocking layer 03, a shielding layer 04, a second water-blocking layer 05, a third water-blocking layer 06, an oxygen-barrier layer 07, an armor metal layer 08, a fire-retardant layer 09, and an outer sheath 10 are sequentially disposed from the conductor 01 to the outside, water-blocking yarns are disposed on the first water-blocking layer 03 and the second water-blocking layer 05 respectively facing the shielding layer 04, water-blocking powder is attached to one side of the water-blocking yarns facing the shielding layer 04, and the second water-blocking layer 05 wraps the metal layer along the axial direction to form the third water-blocking layer 06. Specifically, the first water-blocking layer 03 is a wrapped semi-conductive water-blocking tape, the second water-blocking layer 05 is a wrapped water-blocking tape, and the third water-blocking layer 06 is an aluminum-plastic composite tape.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit of the present invention passes through a first waterproof layer 03, a second waterproof layer 05 and a third waterproof layer 06. When water longitudinally enters the cable, the water-blocking yarns on the first water-blocking layer 03 and the second water-blocking layer 05 absorb water and expand to form a water-absorbing expansion net, meanwhile, the water-blocking powder attached to the water-blocking yarns rapidly absorbs water molecules to expand to seal meshes of the water-absorbing expansion net, the water-blocking yarns provide support for the water-blocking powder, and the uniform distribution of the water-blocking powder is promoted through the meshes after water-absorbing expansion, so that the water-blocking powder can be uniformly distributed on the water-blocking yarns after water-absorbing expansion to form a compact closed water-blocking layer, the two water-blocking layers form a closed space to prevent water from longitudinally spreading along the cable, when water is radially introduced into the cable, the outer layer of the aluminum-plastic composite belt is a metal layer, so that the water can be effectively prevented from permeating into the cable, a good water-blocking effect is achieved, and the water is prevented from being damaged by the spreading of the conductor 01, and the waterproof requirement of the cable for rail transit is met. Through the setting of flame retardant coating 09, can block heat, flame and stretch toward the cable in, through the setting of armor metal layer 08, the metal has incombustibility and combines behind the flame retardant coating 09 burning crust, blocks the outer oxygen of cable through separating oxygen layer 07, protects the cable to improve the fire behavior of cable, the cable can supply power for a long time when the conflagration breaks out, is convenient for be in the scene of fire personnel's the smooth escape.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the shielding layer 04 includes a copper wire and a copper strip, the copper wire is loosely wound outside the first water-blocking layer 03, and the copper strip is wound in a gap manner in the outside direction of the copper wire. The copper strip is reversely wound outside the copper wire in a sparse mode, the copper wire can be bound through the copper strip, the shielding section can be increased, the average clearance of the copper wire in sparse winding is not larger than 4mm, the maximum clearance is not larger than 8mm, the clearance of the copper strip is 100%, the copper strip is not tightly bound when the clearance is too large, and the material is wasted when the clearance is too small. Specifically, the copper wire sparse winding shielding cross section is calculated according to the short-circuit current, 16-35 mm is generally selected from the sparse winding shielding cross section, and the diameter and the number of the copper wires are selected according to the sparse winding cross section and the diameter of the cable.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, a double-layer non-magnetic metal tape is wound at the outer side of the oxygen isolation layer 07 at intervals to form an armored metal layer 08, the armored metal layer 08 is a non-magnetic metal tape, if a single-core cable application alternating current system adopts a magnetic metal tape, eddy current is easily generated in the cable in a power-on state to cause short circuit and burn out of the cable, the non-magnetic tape adopts double-layer gap winding, the gap rate is less than or equal to 50%, the gap winding can increase flexibility of the cable, the compression resistance effect is achieved, and in addition, the non-magnetic metal tape can also play a role in preventing flame from spreading along the cable core of the cable.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the fire protection layer 09 includes a silicon rubber ceramic tape, and the silicon rubber ceramic tape is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of the metal clad layer 08 to form the fire protection layer 09. The fire-proof layer 09 adopts the overlapping wrapping of the ceramic silicon rubber belt, the incrustation property is good when the ceramic silicon rubber belt burns, the production of dripping objects can be reduced, and in addition, oxygen can be blocked by incrustation, so that the cable is prevented from spreading due to the burning of the cable. The outer protective layer 10 is a ceramic incrustation halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin sheath layer, wherein at least one of carbon black, white carbon black and acetylene carbon black is doped to form drip-proof doping with porous graphene with nano-scale pores, the mass ratio of the drip-proof doping to the sheath layer is controlled to be 1.0-1.5: 100, and the mass ratio of a composition formed by at least one of carbon black, white carbon black and acetylene carbon black to the drip-proof doping is controlled to be 40-50: 100. In the outer protective layer 10 of the cable, drip-proof doping composed of reinforced filled polyolefin material, especially at least one of carbon black, white carbon black and acetylene carbon black and porous graphene with nano-scale pores is adopted, so that on one hand, the oxygen index of the outer protective layer is improved, the flame retardant property is increased, and simultaneously, the reinforced polyolefin material and the porous graphene with a porous structure form a leading flame retardant structure capable of enhancing the mechanical property, and combative support can be favorably formed by adsorbing combustion substances through surface pores and micropores, and the dripping of the combustion substances is reduced and avoided.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a high flame retardant low smoke halogen free polyolefin oxygen barrier is extruded outside the third water barrier layer 06 to form an oxygen barrier layer 07. The oxygen insulation layer 07 adopts a high flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen insulation material, the oxygen index is more than or equal to 45%, a non-magnetic metal belt of the armor metal layer 08 is combined, and a ceramic silicon rubber belt is wrapped outside the non-magnetic metal belt of the armor metal layer 08, so that the cable has the characteristic of good crusting property, heat and flame can be simultaneously blocked to spread into the cable, the high flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen insulation material of the oxygen insulation layer 07 can block oxygen outside the cable under the condition of burning crusting, further burning of the cable is prevented, the cable is enabled to keep normal power supply, and longer time is provided for escape of personnel on the fire scene.
Further, the co-extrusion layer 02 comprises a conductor shielding layer 21, an insulating layer 22 and an insulating shielding layer 23, wherein the conductor shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the insulating shielding layer 23 are sequentially arranged away from the conductor 01, so that the cable has good insulating performance and transmission performance. The thicknesses of the conductor 01 shield 21, the insulation 22 and the insulation shield 23 are required to meet the requirements of various voltage levels in the GB/T12706-. Because the first waterproof layer 03 and the second waterproof layer 05 can form a compact closed waterproof layer, a waterproof material does not need to be additionally added in the co-extrusion layer 02 for waterproofing. The extrusion molding process of the conductor shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the insulating shielding layer 23 is totally closed, the requirements of the conductor shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the insulating shielding layer 23 are very high, and the water-blocking layers of other modes can not be added in the process, meanwhile, the conductor 01 shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are made of polyethylene materials which are used as base materials, and the conductor 01 shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer have certain water-blocking performance, but the coextrusion layer 02 is more emphasized in insulating performance, so that the waterproof performance of the coextrusion layer 02 does not need to be considered too much.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a preparation method of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the conductive cable comprises a conductor 01, wherein a co-extrusion layer 02 is coated on the outer side of the conductor 01, the co-extrusion layer 02 comprises a conductive shielding layer 21, an insulating layer 22 and an insulating shielding layer 23, the conductive shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the insulating shielding layer 23 are sequentially arranged away from the conductor 01, and three-layer co-extrusion of the conductive shielding layer 21, the insulating layer 22 and the insulating shielding layer 23 is realized through a vertical cross-linking production process or a catenary cross-linking production process;
step 2: the method comprises the steps that a semi-conductive single-sided water-blocking tape is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of an insulating and shielding layer 23 in an overlapping mode to form a first water-blocking layer 03, the overlapping rate of the first water-blocking layer 03 is set to be 15% -20%, a copper wire is lapped and wound on the outer side of the first water-blocking layer 03 in a sparse mode, a copper strip is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of the copper wire in a reverse clearance mode to form a shielding layer 04, the outer side of the shielding layer 04 is lapped and wrapped with the water-blocking tape to form a second water-blocking layer 05, the overlapping rate of the second water-blocking layer 05 is set to be 15% -20%, and water-blocking powder is arranged on one sides, facing the shielding layer 04, of the first water-blocking layer 03 and the second water-blocking layer 05 respectively; specifically, the copper wire sparse winding shielding cross section is calculated according to the short-circuit current, 16-35 mm is generally selected from the sparse winding shielding cross section, and the diameter and the number of the copper wires are selected according to the sparse winding cross section and the diameter of the cable.
And step 3: longitudinally wrapping an aluminum-plastic composite tape on the outer side of the second water-blocking layer 05 along the axial direction of the conductor 01 to form a third water-blocking layer 06, extruding a high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen-blocking material on the outer side of the third water-blocking layer 06 to form an oxygen-blocking layer 07, wherein the oxygen index of the oxygen-blocking layer 07 is not less than 45, forming an armored metal layer 08 by wrapping two layers of non-metallic magnetic tapes at the gap of the outer side of the oxygen-blocking layer 07, and the gap rate of the armored metal layer 08 is not more than 50%;
and 4, step 4: the outer side of the armored metal layer 08 is lapped with a ceramic silicon rubber belt in an overlapping mode to form a fireproof layer 09, the overlapping rate of the fireproof layer 09 is set to be 20% -25%, and the outer side of the fireproof layer 09 is formed into the outer protective layer 10 through extrusion molding halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin.
According to the preparation method of the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit, on one hand, a first water-blocking layer, a second water-blocking layer and a third water-blocking layer are arranged, wherein the first water-blocking layer and the second water-blocking layer both adopt water-blocking tapes, one side of each water-blocking tape is coated with water-blocking powder, when water enters the cable longitudinally, the water-blocking powder rapidly absorbs water molecules to expand, the two water-blocking layers form a closed space to prevent the water from longitudinally spreading along the cable, in addition, the third water-blocking layer adopts a longitudinally-coated aluminum-plastic composite tape, the water-blocking tapes pass through and are heated through a proper mold to form a closed loop, when water enters the cable radially, the outer layer of the aluminum-plastic composite tape is a metal layer, so that the water can be effectively prevented from permeating into the cable, and a good water-blocking effect is achieved; on the other hand, the oxygen-isolating layer 07 is formed by extruding high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen-isolating materials, a non-magnetic metal belt is combined, a ceramic silicon rubber belt is wrapped outside the metal belt, and the ceramic silicon rubber belt has the characteristic of good crusting property, so that the cable can achieve the flame-retardant and fire-resistant performances of B1 level.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in step 1, the conductor 01 includes a plurality of copper element wires, the plurality of copper element wires are drawn and molded into the conductor 01 by a frame strander in a layered and compressed manner for each layer, and the compression factor of the copper element wires on the cross section of the conductor 01 reaches 0.9. The higher the compaction factor of the copper single line, the more glossy and compact the appearance of conductor 01 was demonstrated. The smaller the clearance between outer conductor 01 is, and at crowded process altogether, the risk that conductor 01 shielding material inlayed conductor 01 reduces, if the coefficient of stiction is on the low side then conductor 01 shielding material easily inlays conductor 01 outer layer gap, leads to increasing the consumption of material, and the point discharge probably appears simultaneously to influence insulating properties.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in step 3, the thickness of the third water-blocking layer 06 is 0.3mm, the overlapping width of the third water-blocking layer 06 is 5-10 mm, and the third water-blocking layer 06 is heated by a mold during longitudinal wrapping to enable the aluminum-plastic composite tape to be self-adhered. Because the aluminum-plastic composite belt is composed of aluminum and plastic, when the cable is soaked in water or soaked in water for a long time, even if the non-metal sheath layer is soaked in water, the third water-resistant layer 06 can realize effective water resistance and isolate water outside the inner layer of the cable.
Further, in step 4, the silicon rubber ceramic tape is arranged on 2-4 layers, the outer protective layer 10 is formed by adding halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin particles into an extruding machine, heating the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin particles to enable the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin particles to be converted into a molten state from a solid state, and conveying the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin in the molten state to a machine head to extrude and wrap the halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin on the surface of the fire-proof layer 09 through the screw of a screw in the extruding machine. Specifically, the cable with the prepared fire-proof layer 09 is placed on a pay-off rack of an extruding machine, an extruded outer sheath can be paid off from the pay-off rack, the cable penetrates through an extruding machine head, and the extruding machine is coated on a cable core of the fire-proof layer 09 through melting plastics. The outer protective layer 10 is formed on the surface of the fireproof layer 09 through an extrusion process, and the preparation process is simple and easy to operate.
To sum up, the embodiment of the invention provides a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit, which comprises a shielding layer 04, an insulating layer 22 and an insulating shielding layer 23, and meets the requirements of the cable on good insulation and performance and transmission performance, and simultaneously, the flame-retardant safety performance of the cable can reach the flame-retardant performance of B1 grade in GB 31247-2014 Cable and Cable burning Performance Classification and the flame-retardant performance in the Specification TICW 8-2012 extrusion-wrapped insulating fire-resistant Power Cable with rated Voltage 6kV to 35kV, wherein the flame-retardant performance of B1 grade requires: flame spread FS is less than or equal to 1.5m, a heat release rate peak value HRR is less than or equal to 30kW, a total heat release amount THR1200 in a fired 1200s is less than or equal to 15MJ, a combustion growth rate index FIGRA is less than or equal to 150W/s, a smoke generation rate peak value SPR is less than or equal to 0.25 m/s, a total smoke generation amount TSP1200 in the fired 1200s is less than or equal to 50m, smoke density (minimum light transmittance) is more than or equal to 60%, and vertical flame spread H is less than or equal to 425 mm; the fire resistance performance passes a fire resistance test of 950-1000 ℃ for 90min, wherein the fire resistance test temperature is 750-800 ℃ fire resistance test specified by the national standard GB/T19216.21-2003, the fire resistance and fire protection safety indexes are higher than those of a common aisle traffic cable, and the use requirements of specific places such as a rail traffic tunnel and the like can be met.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit, which comprises the steps of arranging a first waterproof layer 03, a second waterproof layer 05 and a third waterproof layer 06, wherein the first waterproof layer 03 and the second waterproof layer 05 are water-resistant tapes, one sides of the first waterproof layer 03 and the second waterproof layer 05 are respectively coated with water-resistant powder, when water longitudinally enters the cable, the water-resistant powder rapidly absorbs water molecules to expand, the first waterproof layer 03 and the second waterproof layer 05 form a closed space to prevent the water from longitudinally spreading along the cable, in addition, the third waterproof layer adopts a longitudinally-coated aluminum-plastic composite tape, and the water-resistant tapes pass through a proper mold and are heated to form a closed loop. Specifically, the third water blocking layer is an aluminum-plastic composite tape longitudinal wrapping layer, a longitudinal wrapping matched die of the aluminum-plastic composite tape is selected according to the diameter of the cable core and the thickness of the aluminum-plastic composite tape, and an outlet of the die is heated to melt and bond one plastic surface of the aluminum-plastic composite tape, so that water can be prevented from entering from the overlapping position of the aluminum-plastic composite tape, and the longitudinal water blocking effect is realized.
The outer layer of the aluminum-plastic composite belt is a metal layer, so that water can be effectively prevented from permeating into the cable, and a good water blocking effect is achieved; on the other hand, an oxygen isolation layer 07 is arranged, extruded high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen isolation materials are adopted, a non-magnetic metal belt is combined, a ceramic silicon rubber belt is wrapped outside a metal belt, the ceramic silicon rubber belt has the characteristic of good crusting property, meanwhile, in an outer sheath of the cable, polyolefin materials for reinforcing filling are adopted, especially at least one of carbon black, white carbon black and acetylene carbon black and porous graphene with nanoscale pores form anti-dripping doping, on one hand, the oxygen index of the outer sheath is improved, the flame retardant performance is improved, meanwhile, a main flame retardant structure capable of enhancing the mechanical property is formed together with the porous graphene with a porous structure, comburent is adsorbed through surface pores and micropores, combined support can be favorably formed, and dropping of the comburent is reduced and avoided. The structure enables the cable to achieve B1-grade flame retardant and fire resistant performance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a waterproof fire-retardant fire resisting cable of grade B1 of single core for track traffic which characterized in that: including the conductor, follow the conductor comprises crowded layer, first water blocking layer, shielding layer, second water blocking layer, third water blocking layer, oxygen barrier, armor metal layer, the flame retardant coating and the outer jacket that have crusting nature to the outside in order, the flame retardant coating includes the pottery silicon rubber area, the oxygen index on oxygen barrier is greater than or equal to 45% crowded package high fire-retardant low smoke and zero halogen polyolefin oxygen barrier in the outside on third water blocking layer forms oxygen barrier, the armor metal layer includes double-deck non-magnetic metal strap, first water blocking layer with second water blocking layer moves towards respectively the shielding layer is equipped with the yarn that blocks water, the yarn orientation that blocks water one side of shielding layer is attached to has the powder that blocks water, going out along axial direction parcel metal layer formation of second water blocking layer the third water blocking layer.
2. The single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein: the shielding layer comprises a copper wire and a copper strip, the copper wire is sparsely wound on the outer side of the first waterproof layer, and the copper strip is wound in a gap manner in the outer side direction of the copper wire.
3. The single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein: and winding double layers of the non-magnetic metal strips at the gap outside the oxygen isolation layer to form the armored metal layer, wherein the gap rate is less than or equal to 50%.
4. The single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 3, wherein: and overlapping and wrapping the silicon rubber ceramic band outside the armored metal layer to form the fireproof layer.
5. The single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 1, wherein: the co-extrusion layer comprises a conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer and an insulation shielding layer, wherein the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulation shielding layer are sequentially away from the conductor.
6. A preparation method of a single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: the cable comprises a conductor, wherein a co-extrusion layer is coated on the outer side of the conductor and comprises a conductor shielding layer, an insulating layer and an insulating shielding layer, the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are sequentially arranged away from the conductor, and the conductor shielding layer, the insulating layer and the insulating shielding layer are co-extruded in three layers through a vertical cross-linking production process or a catenary cross-linking production process;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps that a semi-conductive single-sided water-blocking tape is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of an insulating shielding layer in an overlapping mode to form a first water-blocking layer, the overlapping rate of the first water-blocking layer is set to be 15% -20%, a copper wire is lapped and wound on the outer side of the first water-blocking layer in a sparse mode, a copper strip is lapped and wrapped on the outer side of the copper wire in a reverse clearance mode to form a shielding layer, the outer side of the shielding layer is lapped and wrapped with the water-blocking tape to form a second water-blocking layer, the overlapping rate of the second water-blocking layer is set to be 15% -20%, and water-blocking powder is arranged on one side, facing the shielding layer, of the first water-blocking layer and one side, facing the shielding layer, of the second water-blocking layer;
and step 3: longitudinally wrapping an aluminum-plastic composite tape on the outer side of the second water-resistant layer along the axial direction of the conductor to form a third water-resistant layer, extruding a high-flame-retardant polyolefin oxygen-barrier material on the outer side of the third water-resistant layer to form an oxygen-barrier layer, wherein the oxygen index of the oxygen-barrier layer is not less than 45%, two layers of non-metallic magnetic tapes are wound on the outer side of the oxygen-barrier layer at intervals to form an armored metal layer, and the gap rate of the armored metal layer is not more than 50%;
and 4, step 4: overlapping and wrapping a ceramic silicon rubber belt around the outer side of the armored metal layer to form a fireproof layer, wherein the overlapping rate of the fireproof layer is set to be 20% -25%, and the outer side of the fireproof layer forms an outer protective layer through extrusion molding halogen-free low-smoke flame-retardant polyolefin.
7. The preparation method of the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the conductor comprises a plurality of copper single wires, the plurality of copper single wires are manufactured into the conductor by a drawing die in a layered and compact mode according to each layer through a frame twisting machine, and the compression coefficient of the copper single wires on the section of the conductor reaches 0.9.
8. The preparation method of the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, the thickness of the third water-blocking layer is 0.3mm, the overlapping width of the third water-blocking layer is 5-10 mm, and the third water-blocking layer is heated by a mold during longitudinal wrapping to enable the aluminum-plastic composite belt to be self-adhered.
9. The preparation method of the single-core waterproof B1-grade flame-retardant fire-resistant cable for rail transit according to claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 4, the setting of pottery silicon rubber area is on 2 ~ 4 layers, the outer jacket is through adding the extruding machine with halogen-free low smoke flame retardant polyolefin particle, through right it turns into the molten state to make it follow solid-state from to heat not have halogen-free low smoke flame retardant polyolefin particle, through the spiral of the screw in the extruding machine with the molten state halogen-free low smoke flame retardant polyolefin is transported to the aircraft nose and is crowded package in the surface of flame retardant coating.
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CN100568404C (en) * 2007-05-17 2009-12-09 上海亚龙工业股份有限公司 Waterproof power cable and manufacture method
CN103137264B (en) * 2013-03-26 2016-02-17 金杯电工衡阳电缆有限公司 A kind of track traffic environment-friendly type medium-pressure electricity supply cable
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