CN113360587B - Land surveying and mapping equipment and method based on GIS technology - Google Patents
Land surveying and mapping equipment and method based on GIS technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides land surveying and mapping equipment and a land surveying and mapping method based on a GIS technology, which comprise the following steps: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology; the data processing module is used for processing the topographic data to obtain surveying and mapping data; the invention acquires the topographic data of the land to be detected based on the GIS technology, improves the precision and efficiency of data acquisition, obtains the mapping data by processing the topographic data, ensures the reliability of the mapping data, and enables the finally drawn topographic map to better reflect the actual condition of the land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land surveying and mapping, in particular to land surveying and mapping equipment and a land surveying and mapping method based on a GIS (geographic information system) technology.
Background
At present, the land survey engineering technology makes great progress under the drive of economic rapid development, and the performance of land surveying and mapping is gradually highlighted in the whole process. In the development process of modern construction, the traditional mapping technology cannot meet the requirements of the times. Land mapping generally requires extremely high measurement accuracy, and the data obtained must be accurate to perform measurements in the field. And for accurately finishing the classification chart task required by the land survey, the data of the real land survey is processed to draw a working chart. This has brought complicated work task for the staff, and the efficiency of survey and drawing is not high, and the precision of measurement also needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a land surveying and mapping device and method based on a GIS technology, which are used for acquiring topographic data of a land to be detected based on the GIS technology, improving the accuracy and efficiency of data acquisition, obtaining the surveying and mapping data by processing the topographic data, ensuring the reliability of the surveying and mapping data, and enabling a finally drawn topographic map to better reflect the actual condition of the land.
The invention provides land surveying and mapping equipment based on a GIS technology, which comprises:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring topographic data of the land to be detected based on the GIS technology;
the data processing module is used for processing the topographic data to obtain surveying and mapping data;
and the drawing module is used for drawing the topographic map of the land to be detected based on the mapping data.
In one possible way of realisation,
the data acquisition module comprises:
the image acquisition unit is used for acquiring a topographic image of the land to be detected and acquiring image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image;
the image analysis unit is used for analyzing the image information to obtain preliminary topographic information of the land to be detected, compiling the land to be detected based on the preliminary topographic information to generate specific identification points, and establishing a mapping relation between the identification points and the corresponding preliminary topographic information;
the terrain analyzing unit is used for performing feature extraction on the preliminary terrain information by utilizing a preset terrain data analysis model based on the mapping relation, acquiring a plurality of terrain feature samples, extracting preliminary terrain data in the plurality of terrain feature samples, comparing the preliminary terrain data with a preset terrain-terrain comparison table, and acquiring terrain information corresponding to the identification point;
the path planning unit is used for generating a preliminary topographic map of the land to be detected based on the landform information and establishing an acquisition route of the mapping equipment based on the preliminary topographic map;
the accuracy determining unit is used for dividing the terrain of the land to be detected based on the terrain map, acquiring the terrain grade corresponding to the identification point of the land to be detected, counting the terrain grade of each identification point, and obtaining the terrain complexity of the land to be detected based on the counting result;
the accuracy determining unit is further used for establishing an accuracy determining model according to historical land terrain information and corresponding acquisition accuracy information thereof, and inputting the terrain complexity into the accuracy determining model to obtain the acquisition accuracy of the land to be detected;
and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the land to be detected by utilizing a GIS technology based on the acquisition route and the acquisition precision to acquire topographic data.
In one possible way of realisation,
the image acquisition unit includes:
the acquisition subunit is used for acquiring the two-dimensional image and the depth image of the land to be detected, and projecting the two-dimensional image and the depth image to the same space to generate a three-dimensional image, namely the topographic image of the land to be detected;
and the generating subunit is used for detecting the concave-convex curvature of the topographic image, performing weighted concave-convex measurement on the image range corresponding to the concave-convex curvature to obtain concave-convex data of the image range when the concave-convex curvature is judged to be within a first preset range, and generating image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image based on the concave-convex data.
In one possible way of realisation,
the data processing module comprises:
the first establishing unit is used for extracting features of the topographic data, acquiring topographic factor feature variables and influence factor feature variables, distributing the topographic factor feature variables along the abscissa and the influence factor feature variables along the ordinate to obtain discrete points corresponding to the topographic data, and establishing a scatter diagram of the topographic data;
the comparison unit is also used for fitting the discrete points in the scatter diagram to obtain a fitting curve and the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve, and comparing the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve with a preset value;
a second establishing unit, configured to establish a distribution model based on a distance from each discrete point to the fitting curve and determine a confidence interval range of the distribution model if the degree of fitting corresponding to the fitting curve is smaller than the preset value;
the screening unit is used for selecting the terrain data corresponding to the discrete point with the distance from the discrete point to the fitting curve in the confidence interval range in the scatter diagram to obtain a target terrain data set;
the selecting unit is used for selecting a central topographic data set at a central position from the target topographic data set, denoising the central topographic data set, acquiring the position characteristics of the central topographic data set, predicting the stability of the central topographic data in the central topographic data set according to the position characteristics based on a preset stable prediction model, selecting the central topographic data with the highest stability as a coordinate origin, and acquiring the flattest azimuth as a main azimuth according to the position characteristics;
the matching unit is used for establishing a target coordinate system based on the coordinate origin and the main azimuth, determining a target coordinate format based on the target coordinate system, extracting a first attribute feature in the target coordinate format, extracting a second attribute feature of target terrain data in the target terrain data set, matching the mapping rule in a preset relational database based on the first attribute feature and the second attribute feature, and selecting the mapping rule with the highest matching degree as a first mapping rule;
the analysis unit is used for analyzing the first mapping rule to obtain a data conversion rule definition, determining a conversion parameter from target terrain data to the target coordinate system based on the data conversion definition, and setting a conversion sub-rule and a sequence identifier for a data conversion node based on the conversion parameter;
and the conversion unit is used for carrying out data conversion on the target terrain data passing through the data conversion nodes according to the conversion sub-rule according to the sequence identification, and importing the converted data into the target coordinate system to obtain mapping data.
In one possible way of realisation,
the drawing module includes:
the association unit is used for acquiring geographic information in the mapping data, acquiring model data in the target coordinate system, acquiring texture information in the model data, and associating the geographic information with the texture information to obtain an association relation;
the rendering unit is used for integrating the model data and the surveying and mapping data based on the incidence relation, storing the integrated data at a corresponding position to obtain a rendering channel, rendering the integrated data according to the rendering channel to obtain rendering data, and displaying the rendering data under the target coordinate system to generate a three-dimensional rendering map;
and the marking unit is used for acquiring the geometric data information of the three-dimensional rendering map, constructing a marking parameter set based on the geometric data information, randomly selecting a field area of the land to be detected according to a preset standard, acquiring the real geometric data information of the field area, establishing a reference parameter set, establishing a three-dimensional size marking set based on the marking parameter set and the reference parameter set, marking and displaying the three-dimensional rendering map based on the three-dimensional size marking set, and obtaining the topographic map of the land to be detected.
In one possible way of realisation,
the data transmission module is connected with the data acquisition module and the data processing module and is used for transmitting the topographic data of the data acquisition module to the data processing module.
In one possible way of realisation,
the path planning unit includes:
a dividing subunit, configured to perform mesh division on the preliminary relief map to obtain multiple mesh areas, and determine an pheromone concentration value of each mesh area based on the preliminary relief map;
the determining subunit is used for preliminarily determining a plurality of first acquisition routes based on acquisition rules and determining a grid area through which the first acquisition routes pass, wherein the acquisition rules comprise constraints on acquisition overall coverage and acquisition route maximum length;
the calculating subunit is used for calculating the complexity of the first acquisition route according to the following formula based on the pheromone concentration value of the grid area;
wherein G isNRepresenting the complexity of a first acquisition route, m representing the number of said passing grid areas of said first acquisition route, τiThe value of the pheromone density value of the ith grid area is (0, 1), and tau isi+1The pheromone concentration value of the (i + 1) th grid area is (0, 1), e is a natural number and is 2.72, d(i,i+1)Represents the distance traveled from the i-th cell area to the (i + 1) -th cell area, d0Represents the distance, gamma, of the initial acquisition path(i,i+1)The moving direction from the ith grid area to the (i + 1) th grid area is represented, and the value is
The calculating subunit is further configured to select a route with the smallest complexity from the plurality of first acquisition routes as a second acquisition route, and correct the second acquisition route according to the following formula;
wherein, KjRepresenting a region complexity of a jth grid region in the second acquisition route, j being 2, 3. s represents the number of grid areas, σ, in the second acquisition pathjThe pheromone concentration value of the jth grid area passing through the second acquisition route is represented by (0, 1), and the sigma isj+1The pheromone concentration value of the j +1 grid area passing through the second acquisition route is (0, 1), and the sigma isj-1Indicates the second samplingThe pheromone concentration value of the j-1 grid area passing through the concentration line is (0, 1); the judging subunit is used for judging whether the area complexity of the jth grid area in the second acquisition route is greater than the preset area complexity;
if yes, replacing the jth grid area in the second acquisition route with a similar grid area;
otherwise, reserving the jth grid area in the second acquisition route;
and the correction subunit is used for replacing the grid area needing to be replaced in the 2 nd to the (n-1) th grid areas in the second acquisition route, and obtaining a third acquisition route, wherein the third acquisition route is the acquisition route.
In one possible way of realisation,
the association unit includes:
the extraction subunit is used for extracting first key information in the texture information and extracting second key information in the geographic information;
the relevance degree operator unit is used for calculating the relevance degree between the first key information and the second key information according to the following formula based on the first key information and the second key information;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the association degree between the ith key information in the first key information and the jth key information in the second key information, T (x)i) The characteristic value of the ith key information in the first key information is represented and is (1, 10) and T (y)j) The characteristic value of jth key information in the second key information is represented by (1, 10), wherein i is 1, 2, and k, j is 1, 2, and k represents the number of the first key information or the second key information;
and the relationship establishing subunit is configured to select the key information in the first key information with the largest association degree to establish a corresponding relationship with the key information in the second key information, and obtain the association relationship between the geographic information and the texture information based on the corresponding relationship.
A land surveying and mapping method based on GIS technology comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology;
and 2, step: and replacing the grid area to obtain a third acquisition route, wherein the third acquisition route is the acquisition route.
And step 3: and drawing a topographic map of the land to be detected based on the mapping data.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a rendering module in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a land surveying and mapping method based on the GIS technology in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology;
the data processing module is used for processing the topographic data to obtain surveying and mapping data;
and the drawing module is used for drawing the topographic map of the land to be detected based on the mapping data.
In this embodiment, the terrain data includes topographical feature data, altitude data, relief data, and the like.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: the topographic data of the land to be detected is acquired based on the GIS technology, so that the accuracy and the efficiency of data acquisition are improved, the topographic data are processed to obtain the surveying and mapping data, the reliability of the surveying and mapping data is ensured, and the final topographic map obtained by drawing better reflects the actual condition of the land.
Example 2
On the basis of embodiment 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, and the data acquisition module comprises:
the image acquisition unit is used for acquiring a topographic image of the land to be detected and acquiring image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image;
the image analysis unit is used for analyzing the image information to obtain preliminary topographic information of the land to be detected, compiling the land to be detected based on the preliminary topographic information to generate specific identification points, and establishing a mapping relation between the identification points and the corresponding preliminary topographic information;
the terrain analyzing unit is used for performing feature extraction on the preliminary terrain information by utilizing a preset terrain data analysis model based on the mapping relation, acquiring a plurality of terrain feature samples, extracting preliminary terrain data in the plurality of terrain feature samples, comparing the preliminary terrain data with a preset terrain-terrain comparison table, and acquiring terrain information corresponding to the identification point;
the path planning unit is used for generating a preliminary topographic map of the land to be detected based on the landform information and establishing an acquisition route of the mapping equipment based on the preliminary topographic map;
the accuracy determining unit is used for dividing the terrain of the land to be detected based on the terrain map, acquiring the terrain grade corresponding to the identification point of the land to be detected, counting the terrain grade of each identification point, and obtaining the terrain complexity of the land to be detected based on the counting result;
the accuracy determining unit is also used for establishing an accuracy determining model according to historical land terrain information and corresponding acquisition accuracy information thereof, and inputting the terrain complexity into the accuracy determining model to obtain the acquisition accuracy of the land to be detected;
and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the land to be detected by utilizing a GIS technology based on the acquisition route and the acquisition precision to acquire topographic data.
In this embodiment, the preliminary topographic information includes information on the height of the unevenness of the land to be detected.
In this embodiment, the land to be detected is compiled, and the generation of the specific identification point is specifically to sequentially encode the concave-convex area in the land to be detected to obtain the specific identification point, and the identification point is unique.
In this embodiment, one identification point corresponds to one topographical feature sample.
In this embodiment, the terrain information is specifically a terrain height represented by the identification point.
In this embodiment, the collection route is related to the terrain height, and a flat terrain is selected as the collection route as much as possible under the condition that the collection coverage is ensured.
In this embodiment, the higher the terrain complexity, the higher the requirement on acquisition accuracy.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: through the acquisition route determined based on the relief map, the acquisition coverage rate can be ensured, the difficulty of the acquisition route can be reduced to the minimum, the acquisition precision is determined through the relief complexity, the acquisition precision can be ensured, the acquisition precision can be reduced to the minimum, and the accuracy and the efficiency of data acquisition are improved.
Example 3
Based on embodiment 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, where the image acquisition unit includes:
the acquisition subunit is used for acquiring the two-dimensional image and the depth image of the land to be detected, and projecting the two-dimensional image and the depth image to the same space to generate a three-dimensional image, namely the topographic image of the land to be detected;
and the generating subunit is used for detecting the concave-convex curvature of the topographic image, performing weighted concave-convex measurement on the image range corresponding to the concave-convex curvature to obtain concave-convex data of the image range when the concave-convex curvature is judged to be within a first preset range, and generating image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image based on the concave-convex data.
In this embodiment, the weighted concave-convex measurement is specifically to set a weighting value based on the concave-convex curvature, and the greater the concave-convex curvature is, the greater the weighting value is, so that the obtained concave-convex data is more accurate.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: the three-dimensional image of the land is obtained and the concave-convex detection is carried out, so that the concave-convex image information of the terrain image is obtained, the accuracy of the image information is ensured, and a data basis is provided for the determination of the acquisition route.
Example 4
On the basis of embodiment 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, where the data processing module includes:
the first establishing unit is used for extracting features of the topographic data, acquiring topographic factor feature variables and influence factor feature variables, distributing the topographic factor feature variables along the abscissa and the influence factor feature variables along the ordinate to obtain discrete points corresponding to the topographic data, and establishing a scatter diagram of the topographic data;
the comparison unit is also used for fitting the discrete points in the scatter diagram to obtain a fitting curve and the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve, and comparing the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve with a preset value;
a second establishing unit, configured to establish a distribution model based on a distance from each discrete point to the fitting curve and determine a confidence interval range of the distribution model if the degree of fitting corresponding to the fitting curve is smaller than the preset value;
the screening unit is used for selecting the terrain data corresponding to the discrete point with the distance from the discrete point to the fitting curve in the confidence interval range in the scatter diagram to obtain a target terrain data set;
the selecting unit is used for selecting a central topographic data set at a central position from the target topographic data set, denoising the central topographic data set, acquiring the position characteristics of the central topographic data set, predicting the stability of the central topographic data in the central topographic data set according to the position characteristics based on a preset stable prediction model, selecting the central topographic data with the highest stability as a coordinate origin, and acquiring the flattest azimuth as a main azimuth according to the position characteristics;
the matching unit is used for establishing a target coordinate system based on the coordinate origin and the main azimuth, determining a target coordinate format based on the target coordinate system, extracting a first attribute feature in the target coordinate format, extracting a second attribute feature of target terrain data in the target terrain data set, matching the mapping rule in a preset relational database based on the first attribute feature and the second attribute feature, and selecting the mapping rule with the highest matching degree as a first mapping rule;
the analysis unit is used for analyzing the first mapping rule to obtain a data conversion rule definition, determining a conversion parameter from target topographic data to the target coordinate system based on the data conversion definition, and setting a conversion sub-rule and a sequence identifier for a data conversion node based on the conversion parameter;
and the conversion unit is used for carrying out data conversion on the target topographic data passing through the data conversion nodes according to the sequence identification according to the conversion sub-rule, and importing the converted data into the target coordinate system to obtain mapping data.
In this embodiment, the terrain factor characteristic variables include slope, section curvature, slope direction, relative elevation difference, roughness.
In this embodiment, the influence factor characteristic variables include spatial resolution, sharpness, environmental factor, and the like of the acquired terrain data.
In this embodiment, the confidence interval range is determined by a significance level value determined from the mean and standard deviation of the distribution model.
In this embodiment, the predetermined stable prediction model is used to determine the stability of the central terrain data, and the predetermined stable prediction model is related to the composition, relative height, of the terrain.
In this embodiment, the data conversion definition is used to represent the execution process of the data conversion.
In this embodiment, the data conversion node is an execution node in the data conversion process, the data conversion needs to be completed through a plurality of data conversion nodes, and different data conversion nodes correspond to different conversion sub-rules, such as automatic conversion, forced conversion, and the like.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: after the topographic data are screened, the optimal coordinate origin and the optimal main azimuth are selected according to the data characteristics, the reasonability of the establishment of a coordinate system is ensured, then the data conversion rule is determined through the data attributes, the topographic data are led into a target coordinate system, the mapping data are obtained, and the reliability and the accuracy of the mapping data are ensured.
Example 5
Based on embodiment 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, and as shown in fig. 2, the drawing module includes:
the association unit is used for acquiring geographic information in the mapping data, acquiring model data in the target coordinate system, acquiring texture information in the model data, and associating the geographic information with the texture information to obtain an association relation;
the rendering unit is used for integrating the model data and the surveying and mapping data based on the incidence relation, storing the integrated data at a corresponding position to obtain a rendering channel, rendering the integrated data according to the rendering channel to obtain rendering data, and displaying the rendering data under the target coordinate system to generate a three-dimensional rendering map;
and the marking unit is used for acquiring the geometric data information of the three-dimensional rendering map, constructing a marking parameter set based on the geometric data information, randomly selecting a field area of the land to be detected according to a preset standard, acquiring the real geometric data information of the field area, establishing a reference parameter set, establishing a three-dimensional size marking set based on the marking parameter set and the reference parameter set, marking and displaying the three-dimensional rendering map based on the three-dimensional size marking set, and obtaining the topographic map of the land to be detected.
In this embodiment, the model data is related to the target coordinate system.
In this embodiment, the texture information is uneven grooves of the ground surface to be detected, which are presented by the mapping data in the target coordinate system.
In this embodiment, the geometric data information includes side length, angle, volume, surface area information.
In this embodiment, the labeling parameter set is the geometric data information of the land to be detected on the three-dimensional rendering map.
In this embodiment, the reference parameter set is the real geometric data information of the land to be detected.
In this embodiment, the three-dimensional dimensioning set is determined from the relationship between the set of labeled parameters and the set of reference parameters.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: by rendering and labeling the mapping data under the target coordinate system, the obtained topographic map is more visual and comprehensive, and the actual condition of the land is better reflected.
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on the GIS technology, further comprising a data transmission module, connected with the data acquisition module and the data processing module, for transmitting the topographic data of the data acquisition module to the data processing module.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: the data transmission module transmits the topographic data to the data processing module in real time, so that the timeliness of the topographic data is guaranteed, and the land surveying and mapping efficiency is improved.
Example 7
On the basis of the embodiment 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on the GIS technology, and the path planning unit comprises:
a dividing subunit, configured to perform mesh division on the preliminary relief map to obtain multiple mesh areas, and determine an pheromone concentration value of each mesh area based on the preliminary relief map;
the determining subunit is used for preliminarily determining a plurality of first acquisition routes based on acquisition rules and determining a grid area through which the first acquisition routes pass, wherein the acquisition rules comprise constraints on acquisition overall coverage rate and acquisition route maximum length;
the calculating subunit is used for calculating the complexity of the first acquisition route according to the following formula based on the pheromone concentration value of the grid area;
wherein G isNRepresenting the complexity of a first acquisition path, m representing the number of said passing grid areas of said first acquisition path, τiPheromone representing the ith grid area passed byConcentration value of (0, 1), τi+1The pheromone concentration value of the (i + 1) th grid area is (0, 1), e is a natural number and is 2.72, d(i,i+1)Represents the distance traveled from the i-th cell area to the (i + 1) -th cell area, d0Representing the distance, gamma, of said initial acquisition path(i,i+1)The moving direction from the ith grid area to the (i + 1) th grid area is represented, and the value is
The calculating subunit is further configured to select a route with the smallest complexity from the plurality of first acquisition routes as a second acquisition route, and correct the second acquisition route according to the following formula;
wherein, KjA region complexity representing a jth grid region in the second acquisition route, j being 2, 3. s represents the number of grid areas, σ, in the second acquisition pathjThe pheromone concentration value of the jth grid area passing through the second acquisition route is represented by (0, 1), and the sigma isj+1The pheromone concentration value of the j +1 grid area passing through the second acquisition route is (0, 1), and the sigma isj-1The pheromone concentration value of the j-1 grid area passing through the second acquisition route is represented by (0, 1); the judging subunit is used for judging whether the area complexity of the jth grid area in the second acquisition route is greater than the preset area complexity;
if yes, replacing the jth grid area in the second acquisition route with a similar grid area;
otherwise, reserving the jth grid area in the second acquisition route;
and the correction subunit is used for replacing the grid area needing to be replaced in the 2 nd to the (n-1) th grid areas in the second acquisition route, and obtaining a third acquisition route, wherein the third acquisition route is the acquisition route.
In this embodiment, the pheromone concentration value of the grid area is used to represent the terrain complexity of the grid area, the higher the terrain complexity, the larger the value of the pheromone concentration value, and the pheromone concentration value is related to the terrain height and the terrain variation of the grid area.
In this embodiment, the similar grid area is selected to satisfy the constraints of the overall acquisition coverage rate and the maximum length of the acquisition route.
In this embodiment of the present invention,
the method is used for representing the difficulty of moving from the ith grid area to the (i + 1) th grid area, and the difficulty is higher when the value is larger.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: the terrain map is divided to obtain grid areas, and the acquisition routes determined by the complexity of each grid area and among the grid areas can ensure the acquisition coverage rate and reduce the difficulty of the acquisition routes to the minimum, so that the acquisition efficiency is improved.
Example 8
Based on embodiment 5, an embodiment of the present invention provides a land surveying and mapping device based on a GIS technology, where the association unit includes:
the extraction subunit is used for extracting first key information in the texture information and extracting second key information in the geographic information;
the relevance degree operator unit is used for calculating the relevance degree between the first key information and the second key information according to the following formula based on the first key information and the second key information;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the association degree between the ith key information in the first key information and the jth key information in the second key information, T (x)i) The characteristic value of the ith key information in the first key information is represented and is (1, 10) and T (y)j) The characteristic value of jth key information in the second key information is represented by (1, 10), wherein i is 1, 2, and k, j is 1, 2, and k represents the number of the first key information or the second key information;
and the relationship establishing subunit is configured to select the key information in the first key information with the largest association degree to establish a corresponding relationship with the key information in the second key information, and obtain the association relationship between the geographic information and the texture information based on the corresponding relationship.
In this embodiment, the semantic features of the key information are used to characterize the location attribute of the geographic information or the texture information in the target coordinate system, and different locations correspond to different feature values.
The beneficial effect of above-mentioned design is: the corresponding relation between the geographic information and the texture information is obtained through the semantic features of the geographic information and the texture information, and the association relation is sequentially established, so that the rendering accuracy is improved, and the obtained topographic map is more accurate.
Example 9
A land mapping method based on GIS technology, as shown in fig. 3, includes:
step 1: collecting topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology;
step 2: and replacing the grid area to obtain a third acquisition route, wherein the third acquisition route is the acquisition route.
And step 3: and drawing a topographic map of the land to be detected based on the mapping data.
The working principle and the advantageous effects of the above technical solution have been explained in the method claims, and are not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A land surveying and mapping device based on GIS technology, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology;
the data processing module is used for processing the topographic data to obtain surveying and mapping data;
the drawing module is used for drawing a topographic map of the land to be detected based on the mapping data;
the data acquisition module comprises:
the image acquisition unit is used for acquiring a topographic image of the land to be detected and acquiring image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image;
the image analysis unit is used for analyzing the image information to obtain preliminary topographic information of the land to be detected, compiling the land to be detected based on the preliminary topographic information to generate specific identification points, and establishing a mapping relation between the identification points and the corresponding preliminary topographic information;
the terrain analyzing unit is used for extracting features of the preliminary terrain information by utilizing a preset terrain data analyzing model based on the mapping relation, acquiring a plurality of terrain feature samples, extracting preliminary terrain data in the plurality of terrain feature samples, comparing the preliminary terrain data with a preset terrain-terrain comparison table, and acquiring the terrain information corresponding to the identification point;
the path planning unit is used for generating a preliminary topographic map of the land to be detected based on the topographic information and establishing an acquisition route of the mapping equipment based on the preliminary topographic map;
the accuracy determining unit is used for dividing the terrain of the land to be detected based on the terrain map, acquiring the terrain grade corresponding to the identification point of the land to be detected, counting the terrain grade of each identification point, and obtaining the terrain complexity of the land to be detected based on the counting result;
the accuracy determining unit is also used for establishing an accuracy determining model according to historical land terrain information and corresponding acquisition accuracy information thereof, and inputting the terrain complexity into the accuracy determining model to obtain the acquisition accuracy of the land to be detected;
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the land to be detected by utilizing a GIS technology based on the acquisition route and the acquisition precision to acquire topographic data;
the image acquisition unit includes:
the acquisition subunit is used for acquiring the two-dimensional image and the depth image of the land to be detected, projecting the two-dimensional image and the depth image to the same space, and generating a three-dimensional image, namely a topographic image of the land to be detected;
and the generating subunit is used for detecting the concave-convex curvature of the topographic image, performing weighted concave-convex measurement on the image range corresponding to the concave-convex curvature to obtain concave-convex data of the image range when the concave-convex curvature is judged to be within a first preset range, and generating image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image based on the concave-convex data.
2. A GIS-technology-based land mapping device according to claim 1, wherein the data processing module comprises:
the first establishing unit is used for extracting features of the topographic data, acquiring topographic factor feature variables and influence factor feature variables, distributing the topographic factor feature variables along the abscissa and the influence factor feature variables along the ordinate to obtain discrete points corresponding to the topographic data, and establishing a scatter diagram of the topographic data;
the comparison unit is also used for fitting the discrete points in the scatter diagram to obtain a fitting curve and the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve, and comparing the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve with a preset value;
the second establishing unit is used for establishing a distribution model based on the distance from each discrete point to the fitting curve and determining the confidence interval range of the distribution model if the fitting degree corresponding to the fitting curve is smaller than the preset value;
the screening unit is used for selecting the terrain data corresponding to the discrete point with the distance from the discrete point to the fitting curve in the confidence interval range in the scatter diagram to obtain a target terrain data set;
the selecting unit is used for selecting a central topographic data set at a central position from the target topographic data set, denoising the central topographic data set, acquiring the position characteristics of the central topographic data set, predicting the stability of the central topographic data in the central topographic data set according to the position characteristics based on a preset stable prediction model, selecting the central topographic data with the highest stability as a coordinate origin, and acquiring the flattest azimuth as a main azimuth according to the position characteristics;
the matching unit is used for establishing a target coordinate system based on the coordinate origin and the main azimuth, determining a target coordinate format based on the target coordinate system, extracting a first attribute feature in the target coordinate format, extracting a second attribute feature of target terrain data in the target terrain data set, matching the mapping rule in a preset relational database based on the first attribute feature and the second attribute feature, and selecting the mapping rule with the highest matching degree as a first mapping rule;
the analysis unit is used for analyzing the first mapping rule to obtain a data conversion rule definition, determining a conversion parameter from target terrain data to the target coordinate system based on the data conversion rule definition, and setting a conversion sub-rule and a sequence identifier for a data conversion node based on the conversion parameter;
and the conversion unit is used for carrying out data conversion on the target terrain data passing through the data conversion nodes according to the conversion sub-rule according to the sequence identification, and importing the converted data into the target coordinate system to obtain mapping data.
3. A GIS-technology-based land surveying equipment according to claim 2, wherein said mapping module comprises:
the association unit is used for acquiring geographic information in the mapping data, acquiring model data in the target coordinate system, acquiring texture information in the model data, and associating the geographic information with the texture information to obtain an association relation;
the rendering unit is used for integrating the model data and the surveying and mapping data based on the incidence relation, storing the integrated data at a corresponding position to obtain a rendering channel, rendering the integrated data according to the rendering channel to obtain rendering data, and displaying the rendering data under the target coordinate system to generate a three-dimensional rendering map;
and the marking unit is used for acquiring the geometric data information of the three-dimensional rendering map, constructing a marking parameter set based on the geometric data information, randomly selecting a field area of the land to be detected according to a preset standard, acquiring the real geometric data information of the field area, establishing a reference parameter set, establishing a three-dimensional size marking set based on the marking parameter set and the reference parameter set, marking and displaying the three-dimensional rendering map based on the three-dimensional size marking set, and obtaining the topographic map of the land to be detected.
4. A GIS-technology-based land surveying equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a data transmission module connected to the data acquisition module and the data processing module for transmitting topographic data of the data acquisition module to the data processing module.
5. A GIS-technology-based land surveying equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that said path planning unit comprises:
a dividing subunit, configured to perform mesh division on the preliminary relief map to obtain multiple mesh areas, and determine an pheromone concentration value of each mesh area based on the preliminary relief map;
the determining subunit is used for preliminarily determining a plurality of first acquisition routes based on acquisition rules, and determining a grid area through which each first acquisition route passes, wherein the acquisition rules comprise constraints on acquisition overall coverage and acquisition route maximum length;
the calculating subunit is used for calculating the complexity of the first acquisition route according to the following formula based on the pheromone concentration value of the grid area;
wherein G isNRepresenting the complexity of a first acquisition route, m representing the number of said passing grid areas of said first acquisition route, τiThe pheromone density value of the ith grid area passing through is (0, 1) and taui+1The pheromone concentration value of the (i + 1) th grid area is (0, 1), e is a natural number and is 2.72, d(i,i+1)Represents the distance traveled from the i-th cell area to the (i + 1) -th cell area, d0Representing the distance, γ, of the first acquisition path(i,i+1)The moving direction from the ith grid area to the (i + 1) th grid area is represented, and the value is
The calculating subunit is further configured to select a route with the smallest complexity from the plurality of first acquisition routes as a second acquisition route, and correct the second acquisition route according to the following formula;
wherein, KjRepresenting a region complexity of a jth grid region in the second acquisition route, j being 2, 3. s represents the number of grid areas, σ, in the second acquisition pathjThe pheromone concentration value of the jth grid area passing through the second acquisition route is represented by (0, 1), and the sigma isj+1The pheromone concentration value of the j +1 grid area passing through the second acquisition route is (0, 1), and the sigma isj-1The pheromone concentration value of the jth-1 grid area passing through the second acquisition route is represented as (0, 1), and the judgment subunit is used for judging whether the area complexity of the jth grid area in the second acquisition route is greater than the preset area complexity or not;
if yes, replacing the jth grid area in the second acquisition route with a similar grid area;
otherwise, reserving the jth grid area in the second acquisition route;
and the correction subunit is used for replacing the grid area needing to be replaced in the 2 nd to the (n-1) th grid areas in the second acquisition route, and obtaining a third acquisition route, wherein the third acquisition route is the acquisition route.
6. GIS technology based land surveying device according to claim 3, characterized in that the association unit comprises:
the extraction subunit is used for extracting first key information in the texture information and extracting second key information in the geographic information;
the relevance calculating subunit is used for calculating the relevance between the first key information and the second key information according to the following formula based on the first key information and the second key information;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
representing the association degree between the ith key information in the first key information and the jth key information in the second key information, T (x)i) The characteristic value of the ith key information in the first key information is represented and is (1, 10) and T (y)j) The characteristic value of jth key information in the second key information is represented by (1, 10), wherein i is 1, 2, and k, j is 1, 2, and k represents the number of the first key information or the second key information;
and the relationship establishing subunit is configured to select the key information in the first key information with the largest association degree to establish a corresponding relationship with the key information in the second key information, and obtain the association relationship between the geographic information and the texture information based on the corresponding relationship.
7. A land surveying and mapping method based on a GIS technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting topographic data of the land to be detected based on a GIS technology;
step 2: the system is used for processing the topographic data to obtain mapping data;
and step 3: drawing a topographic map of the land to be detected based on the surveying and mapping data;
the step 1 comprises the following steps:
acquiring a topographic image of the land to be detected, and acquiring image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image;
analyzing the image information to obtain preliminary topographic information of the land to be detected, compiling the land to be detected based on the preliminary topographic information to generate specific identification points, and establishing a mapping relation between the identification points and the corresponding preliminary topographic information;
based on the mapping relation, performing feature extraction on the preliminary topographic information by using a preset topographic data analysis model to obtain a plurality of topographic feature samples, extracting preliminary topographic data in the plurality of topographic feature samples, and obtaining topographic information corresponding to the identification point by using the preliminary topographic data and a preset topographic comparison table;
generating a preliminary topographic map of the land to be detected based on the topographic information, and establishing an acquisition route of mapping equipment based on the preliminary topographic map;
based on the relief map, carrying out relief division on the land to be detected, acquiring relief grades corresponding to the identification points of the land to be detected, counting the relief grades of each identification point, and based on a counting result, obtaining the relief complexity of the land to be detected;
the system is used for establishing a precision determination model according to historical land terrain information and corresponding acquisition precision information thereof, and inputting the terrain complexity into the precision determination model to obtain the acquisition precision of the land to be detected;
collecting the land to be detected by utilizing a GIS technology based on the collection route and the collection precision to obtain topographic data;
acquiring a topographic image of the land to be detected, and acquiring image information of high and low concave-convex of the topographic image, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a two-dimensional image and a depth image of the land to be detected, and projecting the two-dimensional image and the depth image to the same space to generate a three-dimensional image, namely a topographic image of the land to be detected;
and when the concave-convex curvature is judged to be in a first preset range, carrying out weighted concave-convex measurement on the image range corresponding to the concave-convex curvature to obtain concave-convex data of the image range, and generating high-low concave-convex image information of the topographic image based on the concave-convex data.
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