CN113359870B - Control method and device of photovoltaic tracking support and photovoltaic tracking support system - Google Patents
Control method and device of photovoltaic tracking support and photovoltaic tracking support system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method and a device of a photovoltaic tracking support and a photovoltaic tracking support system. According to the invention, by controlling the asynchronous motion of the two adjacent rows of tracking supports, the tracking support of one row ensures that the photovoltaic modules are perpendicular to the irradiated sunlight through tracking the motion trail of the apparent sun, and the tracking support of the other row avoids shadow shielding between the photovoltaic modules through reverse tracking, so that when the tracking angle in the east-west direction is increased, the row spacing between the two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the east-west direction does not need to be increased, and shadow shielding on the photovoltaic modules can be avoided, thereby realizing the improvement of the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a control method and device of a photovoltaic tracking support and a photovoltaic tracking support system.
Background
The photovoltaic tracking support is originally designed to enable a photovoltaic module to obtain the maximum irradiation quantity, so that the power generation quantity of a photovoltaic power station is increased. The tracking strategy of the photovoltaic tracking support comprises the following steps: 1) Tracking the motion trail of the apparent day; 2) Photoelectric tracking; 3) The tracking of the motion trail of the apparent day is mainly, and the photoelectric tracking is assisted. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the problem of shadow shielding, the tracking system is basically matched with an anti-tracking function, namely when the shadow shielding occurs between the photovoltaic components, the tracking shaft rotates reversely, and the fact that no shielding exists between the photovoltaic components is guaranteed.
At present, the distance between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic tracking supports is determined according to the arrangement specification of fixed supports, generally by no shielding between photovoltaic modules in the time period from 9 to 15 winter solstice. The existing photovoltaic tracking support adopts a synchronous tracking mode, namely, the motion of each row of photovoltaic tracking supports is the same, so that with the increase of tracking angles in the east-west direction, if the row spacing between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic tracking supports in the east-west direction is not increased, shadow shielding is inevitably generated on a photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module in a shadow area cannot generate electricity, and the photovoltaic module also can become an extra resistance area on the photovoltaic module, so that the electricity generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is influenced. If the shadow shielding is continuously generated, the attenuation of the photovoltaic component can be accelerated, and even the photovoltaic component can be damaged in serious conditions.
In order to improve the generating efficiency, the distance between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic tracking supports in east-west direction can be increased generally, however, the increase of the distance inevitably leads to the increase of the land area occupied by the photovoltaic power station, thereby reducing the land utilization rate. If the occupied area of the photovoltaic power station is reduced, the land utilization rate is improved, and the east-west tracking angle can only be reduced, so that the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power station is reduced. Therefore, how to improve the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency at the same time becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention discloses a control method and device for a photovoltaic tracking support and a photovoltaic tracking support system, so as to improve the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
A control method of a photovoltaic tracking rack, comprising:
from west to east, determining at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as a tracking control unit, wherein the two rows of tracking supports are respectively as follows: a west row tracking rack and an east row tracking rack;
and adopting an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, wherein the asynchronous tracking mode is used for tracking the movement locus of the sight day of one row of tracking supports in each tracking control unit, and the other row of tracking supports is used for carrying out backward tracking.
Preferably, the employing an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking cradle and the east row tracking cradle in each tracking control unit comprises:
in a first preset time period in the morning, the east tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the west tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the east row tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period;
an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period satisfies theta 3< beta < theta 4, theta 3 is the afternoon time period, the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support is parallel to the ground, the west tracking support performs a maximum angle of reverse tracking, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support in the afternoon time period.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
in a third preset time period, controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the movement locus of the sight day;
and in the third preset time period, the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground meets the condition that theta 2< beta <90 degrees, wherein theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the photovoltaic modules on the east row tracking support are parallel in the morning time period.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous reverse tracking in a fourth preset time period;
in the fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support tracks reversely, or theta 3 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support tracks reversely.
Preferably, the number of the single-row tracking brackets contained in each tracking control unit is odd.
Preferably, when each tracking control unit includes a plurality of adjacent rows of tracking brackets, the distances between any two adjacent rows of tracking brackets in the plurality of rows of tracking brackets are equal, and the tracking modes of all the odd rows of tracking brackets are the same, and the tracking modes of all the even rows of tracking brackets are the same, and the tracking mode is one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
A control device for a photovoltaic tracking rack, comprising:
the determining unit is used for determining at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as a tracking control unit from west to east, and the two rows of tracking supports are respectively as follows: a west row tracking cradle and an east row tracking cradle;
and the asynchronous tracking control unit is used for adopting an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, wherein the asynchronous tracking mode is used for tracking the movement locus of the sight day of one row of tracking supports in each tracking control unit, and the other row of tracking supports is used for carrying out back tracking.
Optionally, the asynchronous tracking control unit is specifically configured to:
in a first preset time period in the morning, controlling the east tracking support to track the movement locus of the sight day and controlling the west tracking support to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the east row tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period;
and the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period satisfies the condition that theta 3 is larger than beta and is smaller than theta 4, theta 3 is the afternoon time period, the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support is parallel to the ground, the west tracking support is used for carrying out the maximum angle of reverse tracking, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support in the afternoon time period.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the synchronous tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the movement locus of the sight day in a third preset time period;
and in the third preset time period, the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground satisfies theta 2< beta <90 degrees, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support are parallel in the morning time period.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous back tracking in a fourth preset time period;
in the fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is a maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support performs back tracking, or theta 3 is a maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support performs back tracking.
Optionally, each tracking control unit includes a single row of tracking brackets, and the number of the tracking brackets is odd.
Optionally, when each of the tracking control units includes a plurality of adjacent rows of tracking brackets, distances between any two adjacent rows of tracking brackets in the plurality of rows of tracking brackets are equal, and tracking manners of all odd rows of tracking brackets are the same, and tracking manners of all even rows of tracking brackets are the same, where the tracking manner is one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
A photovoltaic tracking rack system, comprising: a plurality of rows of tracking supports and a tracking controller;
the tracking controller is respectively connected with each tracking support and is used for executing the control method of the photovoltaic tracking support as claimed in claim 1.
According to the technical scheme, at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports are determined as one tracking control unit from west to east, and asynchronous tracking modes are adopted for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, namely, one row of tracking supports perform apparent day motion trajectory tracking and the other row of tracking supports perform reverse tracking in the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support. According to the invention, through controlling the asynchronous motion of the two adjacent rows of tracking supports, the tracking support in one row ensures that the photovoltaic modules are perpendicular to the irradiated sunlight through the tracking of the apparent sun motion trail, and the tracking support in the other row avoids shadow shielding between the photovoltaic modules through back tracking, so that when the tracking angle in the east-west direction is increased, the shadow shielding generated on the photovoltaic modules can be avoided on the basis of not increasing the row spacing between the two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the east-west direction, thereby realizing the improvement of the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the disclosed drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a photovoltaic tracking support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between a synchronous tracking mode and an asynchronous tracking mode adopted by a photovoltaic tracking support according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of three tracking states of a whole day when an asynchronous tracking mode is adopted according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between a synchronous tracking mode and an asynchronous tracking mode adopted by another photovoltaic tracking support disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between an asynchronous tracking mode and a synchronous tracking mode in an initial state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between an asynchronous tracking mode and a synchronous tracking mode adopted by a photovoltaic tracking support in the stage 1 state shown in fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a tracking control unit including multiple adjacent rows of tracking brackets according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device of a photovoltaic tracking support according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a control method and a control device of a photovoltaic tracking support and a photovoltaic tracking support system. According to the invention, through controlling the asynchronous motion of the two adjacent rows of tracking supports, the tracking support in one row ensures that the photovoltaic modules are perpendicular to the irradiated sunlight through the tracking of the apparent sun motion trail, and the tracking support in the other row avoids shadow shielding between the photovoltaic modules through back tracking, so that when the tracking angle in the east-west direction is increased, the shadow shielding generated on the photovoltaic modules can be avoided on the basis of not increasing the row spacing between the two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the east-west direction, thereby realizing the improvement of the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart of a control method for a photovoltaic tracking support according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101, from west to east, determining at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as a tracking control unit;
in this embodiment, the tracking support may be a flat single-axis tracking support or a dual-axis tracking support.
For ease of discussion, the present embodiment defines the single row of tracking brackets located in the west direction of two adjacent rows of tracking brackets as: west tracking cradles, defining a single row of tracking cradles in the east direction as: east tracking rack.
That is, the two rows of tracking brackets are respectively: west tracking cradles and east tracking cradles.
Step S102, adopting an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit.
The asynchronous tracking mode is used for tracking the movement locus of the sun in the first row of the tracking supports in each tracking control unit, and the other row of the tracking supports performs back tracking.
The back tracking means that: when the shadows are shielded between the photovoltaic modules, the tracking shaft of the photovoltaic tracking support can rotate reversely, so that no shadows are shielded between the photovoltaic modules.
In summary, the control method of the photovoltaic tracking support disclosed by the invention is characterized in that at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports are determined as one tracking control unit from west to east, and an asynchronous tracking mode is adopted for the west tracking support and the east tracking support in each tracking control unit, namely, one row of tracking supports performs apparent day motion trajectory tracking and the other row of tracking supports performs backward tracking in the west tracking support and the east tracking support. According to the invention, through controlling the asynchronous motion of the two adjacent rows of tracking supports, the tracking support of one row ensures that the photovoltaic modules are vertical to the irradiated sunlight through tracking the motion trail of the apparent sun, and the tracking support of the other row avoids shadow shielding between the photovoltaic modules through reverse tracking, so that when the tracking angle in the east-west direction is increased, shadow shielding generated on the photovoltaic modules can be avoided on the basis of not increasing the row spacing between the two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the east-west direction, thereby realizing the improvement of the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
To further optimize the foregoing embodiment, step S102 may specifically include:
in a first preset time period in the morning, controlling the east tracking support to track the movement locus of the sight day and controlling the west tracking support to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the east row tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period; for example, the first preset time period is 9 a.m. to 10 a.m..
An included angle beta between sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period meets the condition that theta 3< beta < theta 4, theta 3 is the maximum angle of the west row tracking support which performs reverse tracking and is parallel to the ground in the afternoon time period, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic assembly on the west row tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic assembly on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period; for example, the second preset time period is 14 pm to 15 pm.
Referring to a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic tracking support in a synchronous tracking mode and an asynchronous tracking mode shown in fig. 2, a scene 1 shows that the photovoltaic tracking support is in the synchronous tracking mode; scene 2 and scene 3 provide that the photovoltaic tracking support adopts an asynchronous tracking mode, and delta d is a row spacing reduced between the west row tracking support (2) and the east row tracking support (1) relative to the synchronous tracking mode of the photovoltaic tracking support adopting the asynchronous tracking mode.
In a scene 2, the time is in the morning, the east tracking support (1) performs sun tracking to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are perpendicular to direct sunlight all the time, and the west tracking support (2) performs reverse tracking to ensure that no shadow is shielded between the photovoltaic modules.
In a scene 3, the time is afternoon, the west row tracking support (2) performs sun-looking track tracking to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are perpendicular to direct sunlight all the time, and the east row tracking support (1) performs reverse tracking to ensure that no shadow is shielded between the photovoltaic modules.
In order to further optimize the above embodiment, the control method of the photovoltaic tracking support may further include:
in a third preset time period, controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the movement locus of the sight day;
wherein, the included angle β between the sunlight and the ground in the third preset time period satisfies θ 2< β <90 °, θ 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the morning time period, for example, the third preset time period is: 10 in the morning.
Further, referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of three tracking states of a whole day when an asynchronous tracking mode is adopted is disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, which is specifically as follows:
phase 1 (corresponding to a first preset time period), with the time in the morning, such as 9 a.m.: 00-10, the east tracking support (1) turns from east to west, the east tracking support (1) performs sun-sight track tracking to ensure that the photovoltaic module is always vertical to direct sunlight, and the west tracking support (2) performs reverse tracking to turn from west to east.
Phase 2 (corresponding to a third preset time period), when the time is noon, such as 10 am to 14 pm, when the photovoltaic modules of the east tracking rack (1) and the west tracking rack (2) are parallel at a certain moment, such as 10 am, the east tracking rack (1) and the west tracking rack (2) do the sun tracking simultaneously.
Stage 3 (corresponding to a second preset time period), wherein the time is afternoon, such as 14 pm to 15 pm, the west tracking support (2) performs sun-looking trajectory tracking so as to ensure that the photovoltaic module is always perpendicular to the direct sunlight, and the east tracking support (1) performs backward tracking.
For further illustration, compared with the conventional scheme that a synchronous tracking mode is adopted, an asynchronous tracking mode adopted by the invention can reduce the row spacing between adjacent rows of tracking supports, see a comparison schematic diagram of a synchronous tracking mode and an asynchronous tracking mode adopted by another photovoltaic tracking support shown in fig. 4, and scene 1 shows that the synchronous tracking mode is adopted by the photovoltaic tracking support; scene 2 is that the photovoltaic tracking support adopts an asynchronous tracking mode, and delta d is that the row spacing between the west row tracking support (2) and the east row tracking support (1) is reduced relative to the synchronous tracking mode when the photovoltaic tracking support adopts the asynchronous tracking mode.
Assuming that the included angle between sunlight and the ground is theta, and the length of the photovoltaic module is L;
then in the scene 1, the expression of the row spacing d1 between the west row tracking support (2) and the east row tracking support (1) is as follows:
d1＝L/sinθ；
in scenario 2, the expression of the row spacing d2 between the west row tracking bracket (2) and the east row tracking bracket (1) is as follows:
the expression for the reduced row spacing Δ d between the west row tracking carriage (2) and the east row tracking carriage (1) with respect to the synchronous tracking mode using the asynchronous tracking mode is as follows:
when a synchronous tracking mode is adopted in the traditional scheme, the occupied area of a photovoltaic power station is reduced, the land utilization rate is improved, and meanwhile, the power generation efficiency is reduced, in order to demonstrate the advantages of the asynchronous tracking mode relative to the synchronous tracking mode, the distance between photovoltaic modules is fixed to be the shortest distance in the asynchronous tracking mode, at the moment, the synchronous tracking mode cannot enable the photovoltaic modules to be perpendicular to sunlight due to the fact that the distance between the photovoltaic modules is reduced, an included angle alpha can be formed between the normal vector of the sunlight and the photovoltaic modules, see a comparison schematic diagram of the asynchronous tracking mode and the synchronous tracking mode in an initial state shown in figure 6, the asynchronous tracking mode can keep one photovoltaic module perpendicular to the sunlight, and one photovoltaic module carries out reverse tracking.
As shown in fig. 5, assume that 9 am: 00, the included angle between sunlight and the ground is theta, the length of the photovoltaic module is 2L, the optimal power generation power of the photovoltaic module perpendicular to the sunlight is P, namely the power generation power of the photovoltaic module (1) is P.
At the moment, when a synchronous tracking mode is adopted, through trigonometric function conversion, the total power generation power P of the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support has the following general expression:
in the formula, d is the row spacing between the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support, alpha is the included angle between the normal vector of sunlight and the photovoltaic module, a = d/2, b = L, c is the distance from the axis to the sunlight.
When an asynchronous tracking mode is adopted, through trigonometric function conversion, the total power generation power Ptotal expression of photovoltaic modules on the west tracking support and the east tracking support is as follows:
p total = P (1 + cos (90-theta)) = P (1 + sin theta);
from the above two formulas, it can be seen that the total power generation power of the photovoltaic power station is the same in the synchronous tracking mode and the asynchronous tracking mode.
Referring to fig. 6, in the photovoltaic tracking support disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, in the state of phase 1 shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a comparison between an asynchronous tracking mode and a synchronous tracking mode is adopted, and it is assumed that the time in fig. 6 is 9 am and an included angle between sunlight and the ground is θ 1;
when a synchronous tracking mode is adopted, the total power generation power P is converted by a trigonometric function, and the total synchronous expression of the total power generation power P is as follows:
in the formula, P represents the optimal power generation power of the photovoltaic module perpendicular to sunlight, α 1 represents the included angle between the normal vector of the sunlight and the photovoltaic module, c1 represents the distance from the axis to the sunlight, a is the half row spacing of the row spacing between adjacent tracking supports, b = L, and L is the length of a single photovoltaic module.
When an asynchronous tracking mode is adopted, the total asynchronous expression of the total power generation power P is as follows through trigonometric function conversion:
in the formula, P represents the optimal power generation power of the photovoltaic module perpendicular to sunlight, beta represents the included angle between the plane of the module and the vertical line of the sunlight, e represents the vertical distance from the tracking axis to the sunlight, f represents the length of the module, g represents the distance from the focus of the sunlight and a horizontal dotted line to the bracket 2, h represents the distance from the focus of the sunlight and the horizontal dotted line to the bracket 1, and theta represents the included angle between the sunlight and the ground.
As can be seen from the above, since θ 1 > θ, θ
At this time, pwtal asynchronization is greater than pwtal synchronization, and the total power generation pwtal asynchronization in the asynchronous tracking mode is greater than the total power generation pwtal synchronization in the synchronous tracking mode.
In addition, after research, the inventor of the invention finds that when the latitude is lower, the change rate of the included angle between sunlight and the ground is slower, the power generation gain of asynchronous tracking is larger, and the tracking precision is finer.
Assuming that at a certain morning, the photovoltaic module in the asynchronous tracking mode reaches a parallel state, the photovoltaic module in the asynchronous tracking mode changes from an initial state to a biaxial parallel state (i.e. fig. 3 changes from stage 1 to stage 2), the included angle between sunlight and the ground changes by γ, and the tracking accuracy of the photovoltaic tracking support is 1 degree, at this time, the state of the photovoltaic tracking support changes by γ times (γ/1), and during this time, γ states also exist in the generated power P of the photovoltaic module.
Then at this stage, the total power plesiochronous in synchronous tracking mode is expressed as follows:
in the formula, i represents the i-th state, pi represents the generated power in the i-th state, and n represents the total number of states.
The total power in asynchronous tracking mode, pasync Total, is expressed as follows:
when the time is in the morning, the expression of the generated power gain delta P of the asynchronous tracking support is as follows:
similarly, if the morning is a clear day in an ideal state, the radiation amount is symmetrical in the morning and afternoon, and the generated power gain during asynchronous tracking in the afternoon is also Δ P, so the generated energy gain in the whole day is as follows:
in conclusion, the asynchronous tracking mode is adopted for the photovoltaic tracking support, so that the land utilization rate can be improved, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
For ease of understanding, the present invention also provides a specific embodiment, as follows:
supposing that the time is winter solstice, a certain photovoltaic power station has 2 tracking support arrays of 10.8kw, and the length of the east-west component is 2l =2m, and according to Pvsyst simulation, the included angle theta between sunlight and the ground is 33 degrees at 9 am.
When the asynchronous tracking mode is adopted, the minimum row spacing d between two adjacent rows of tracking brackets is as follows:
in this case, when the asynchronous tracking mode is adopted, the photovoltaic tracking system is from stage 1 to stage 2 in fig. 4, the critical angle of stage 2
The included angle theta between the sunlight and the ground is 45 degrees, at the moment, the included angle is 9 degrees in the morning, 30 degrees are formed between two adjacent rows of photovoltaic modules, and at the moment, the front row and the rear row start a synchronous tracking mode respectively.
Assuming that the included angle between the sunlight and the ground is changed by 4 degrees, the photovoltaic tracking support rotates once, and when the time is in the morning, the relevant parameters shown in table 1 can be obtained, wherein the table 1 is as follows:
TABLE 1
| Included angle between sunlight and ground | Optimum power P for single train | Two-column asynchronous tracking power generation capacity | Two-column synchronous tracking generating capacity | Difference in generated power | |
| 9 a.m. | 33 | 1700w | 437wh | 437wh | 0 |
| 9 a.m. | 37 | 2000w | 569wh | 534wh | 35wh |
| 9 am | 41 | 2200w | 682wh | 607wh | 75wh |
| 9 am | 45 | 2300w | 766wh | 766wh | 0 |
As can be seen from table 1, the power generation amount gain of the asynchronous tracking mode is 110wh in the morning compared to the synchronous tracking mode.
When the time is afternoon, the relevant parameters shown in table 2 can be obtained, and table 2 is as follows:
TABLE 2
| Included angle between sunlight and ground | Single train optimum power P | Two-column asynchronous tracking power generation capacity | Two-column synchronous tracking generating capacity | Difference in generated |
|
| 1 part in the afternoon | 45 | 2300w | 766wh | 766wh | 0 |
| 1 in the afternoon | 41 | 2200w | 682wh | 607wh | 75wh |
| In the afternoon, 2 | 37 | 1800w | 512wh | 480wh | 32wh |
| Afternoon, 2 | 33 | 1700w | 437wh | 437wh | 0 |
When the time is afternoon, according to the simulation data of Pvsyst, the time when the sunlight included angle with the ground changes from 45 degrees to 33 degrees is 13 to 14. According to the calculation result, the power generation gain in the afternoon is 108wh.
In summary, the power generation gain of the asynchronous tracking mode is 218wh compared with the synchronous tracking mode.
Because Pvsyst can simulate synchronous tracking, according to the capacity of the component being 21.6kw and the spacing between the photovoltaic components being 2.84m, the power generation capacity of the component ends of the two arrays in the winter solstice mode in the synchronous tracking mode can be simulated to be 28.976kwh, and therefore the power generation gain in the asynchronous tracking mode is 0.218/28.939 × 100% =0.75%.
Further, if the number of the tracking brackets in each tracking control unit is an odd number, the improvement of the generated energy by using the asynchronous tracking mode is more obvious, and when the tracking control units respectively include tracking brackets in even rows and tracking brackets in odd rows, the comparison result shown in table 3 can be obtained, where table 3 is as follows:
TABLE 3
Following the above case scenario, the 2 sets of tracking stent arrays at 10.8kw were changed to 3 sets of tracking stent arrays at 10.8kw to obtain the comparison results shown in table 4, which is as follows:
TABLE 4
| Included angle between sunlight and ground | Single train optimum power P | Two-column asynchronous tracking power generation capacity | Two-column synchronous tracking generating capacity | Difference in generated power | |
| 9 a.m. | 33 | 1700w | 721wh | 656wh | 65wh |
| 9 a.m. | 37 | 2000w | 902wh | 801wh | 101wh |
| In the morning of 9 | 41 | 2200w | 1049wh | 911wh | 138wh |
| 9 a.m. | 45 | 2300w | 981wh | 981wh | 0 |
| Included angle between sunlight and ground | Single train optimum power P | Two-column asynchronous tracking power generation capacity | Two-column synchronous tracking generating capacity | Difference in generated |
|
| 1 in the afternoon | 45 | 2300w | 981wh | 981wh | 0 |
| 1 in the afternoon | 41 | 2200w | 1049wh | 911wh | 138wh |
| Afternoon, 2 | 37 | 1800w | 812wh | 721wh | 91wh |
| Afternoon, 2 | 33 | 1700w | 721wh | 656wh | 65wh |
It can be seen that the whole-day power generation gain in the asynchronous tracking mode is 598wh.
Because Pvsyst can simulate a synchronous tracking mode, according to the capacity of the component being 32.4kw and the distance between the components being 2.84m, the power generation amount of the winter solstice component end in the three-array synchronous tracking mode can be simulated to be 42.941kwh, and the power generation gain in the asynchronous tracking mode is 0.598/42.941 × 100% =1.39%.
In summary, the photovoltaic tracking system adopting the asynchronous tracking mode is adopted in the invention, and at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports are taken as a tracking control unit from west to east, wherein one row of tracking supports perform the sight-day movement locus tracking, and the other row of tracking supports perform the reverse tracking.
In addition, when the number of rows of the tracking brackets included in each tracking control unit is an odd number, the power generation amount advantage is more significant compared to the conventional synchronous tracking mode.
In order to further optimize the above embodiment, the control method of the photovoltaic tracking support may further include:
in a fourth preset time period, controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous reverse tracking;
in a fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is a maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and is parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support tracks reversely, or theta 3 is a maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and is parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support tracks reversely.
Based on the above discussion, the whole-day tracking strategy of the photovoltaic tracking support comprises five stages, which are respectively as follows:
stage one (e.g., before 9 am): 0< beta < theta 1, and controlling the west row tracking bracket and the east row tracking bracket to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous reverse tracking;
phase two (such as 9 am to 10 am): theta 1 is more than beta and less than theta 2, the east tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the west tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
stage three (such as 10 am to 14 pm: theta 2 is more than beta and less than 90 degrees, and the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support are controlled to simultaneously track the movement locus of the sight day;
stage four (such as 14 to 15 pm): theta 3 is more than beta and less than theta 4, the west row tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the east row tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
stage five (such as after 15 pm): and 0< beta < theta 3, and controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous back tracking.
Therefore, the whole-day tracking strategy of the invention has two more stages than the existing general tracking strategy, the comparison relationship is shown in table 5, and table 5 is as follows:
in order to further optimize the above embodiment, when each tracking control unit includes multiple adjacent rows of tracking brackets, the distance between any two adjacent rows of tracking brackets in the multiple rows of tracking brackets is equal, and the tracking manner of all the odd rows of tracking brackets is the same, and the tracking manner of all the even rows of tracking brackets is the same, where the tracking manner is one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
For example, referring to fig. 7, a tracking control unit disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention includes a schematic diagram of adjacent multiple rows of tracking brackets, and it is assumed that the multiple rows of tracking brackets respectively include: the tracking device comprises a first row of tracking supports, a second row of tracking supports and a third row of tracking supports, wherein the row spacing between the first row of tracking supports and the second row of tracking supports is equal to the row spacing between the second row of tracking supports and the third row of tracking supports, and the tracking modes of the first row of tracking supports and the third row of tracking supports are the same. The calculation process of the row spacing d1 and d2 in fig. 7 can be referred to the corresponding part of the embodiment shown in fig. 4.
Corresponding to the embodiment of the method, the invention also discloses a control device of the photovoltaic tracking bracket.
Referring to fig. 8, a schematic structural diagram of a control device of a photovoltaic tracking support according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a determining unit 201, configured to determine, from west to east, at least two adjacent rows of tracking brackets as a tracking control unit;
for ease of discussion, the present embodiment defines the single row of tracking brackets located west of the two adjacent rows of tracking brackets as: west tracking cradles, defining a single row of tracking cradles in the east direction as: east tracking rack.
That is, the two rows of tracking brackets are respectively: west tracking cradles and east tracking cradles.
And the asynchronous tracking control unit 202 is configured to adopt an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, where the asynchronous tracking mode performs view-day motion trajectory tracking for one row of the tracking supports in each tracking control unit, and performs back tracking for the other row of the tracking supports in each tracking control unit.
The back tracking means that: when the shadow shelters from between the photovoltaic module, the tracking axle of photovoltaic tracking support can the antiport to guarantee that no shadow shelters from between the photovoltaic module.
In summary, the control device of the photovoltaic tracking support disclosed by the invention determines at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as one tracking control unit from west to east, and adopts an asynchronous tracking mode for the west tracking support and the east tracking support in each tracking control unit, that is, one row of tracking supports performs sun-looking motion trajectory tracking and the other row of tracking supports performs reverse tracking in the west tracking support and the east tracking support. According to the invention, through controlling the asynchronous motion of the two adjacent rows of tracking supports, the tracking support of one row ensures that the photovoltaic modules are vertical to the irradiated sunlight through tracking the motion trail of the apparent sun, and the tracking support of the other row avoids shadow shielding between the photovoltaic modules through reverse tracking, so that when the tracking angle in the east-west direction is increased, shadow shielding generated on the photovoltaic modules can be avoided on the basis of not increasing the row spacing between the two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the east-west direction, thereby realizing the improvement of the land utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
To further optimize the above embodiment, the asynchronous tracking control unit is specifically configured to:
in a first preset time period in the morning, controlling the east tracking support to track the movement locus of the sight day and controlling the west tracking support to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the east row tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period;
an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period satisfies theta 3< beta < theta 4, theta 3 is the afternoon time period, the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support is parallel to the ground, the west tracking support performs a maximum angle of reverse tracking, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support in the afternoon time period.
To further optimize the above embodiment, the control device may further include:
the synchronous tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the movement locus of the sight day in a third preset time period;
and in the third preset time period, the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground satisfies theta 2< beta <90 degrees, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support are parallel in the morning time period.
To further optimize the above embodiment, the control device may further include:
the tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to synchronously and reversely track in a fourth preset time period;
in the fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support tracks reversely, or theta 3 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support tracks reversely.
Preferably, the number of the single-row tracking brackets contained in each tracking control unit is odd.
In the invention, when each tracking control unit comprises a plurality of adjacent rows of tracking supports, the distance between any two adjacent rows of tracking supports in the plurality of rows of tracking supports is equal, the tracking mode of all the odd rows of tracking supports is the same, the tracking mode of all the even rows of tracking supports is the same, and the tracking mode is one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
Please refer to the corresponding parts of the method embodiments for specific working principles of each component in the device embodiments, which are not described herein again.
The invention also discloses a photovoltaic tracking support system, which comprises: a plurality of rows of tracking supports and a tracking controller;
a tracking controller is connected to each of the tracking brackets for performing the control method of the photovoltaic tracking bracket in the embodiment of the method shown in fig. 1.
Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising a," "8230," "8230," or "comprising" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (13)
1. A control method of a photovoltaic tracking support is characterized by comprising the following steps:
from west to east, determining at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as a tracking control unit, wherein the two rows of tracking supports are respectively as follows: a west row tracking cradle and an east row tracking cradle;
and adopting an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, wherein the asynchronous tracking mode is used for tracking the sun-looking movement locus of one row of tracking supports in each tracking control unit so as to ensure that sunlight is vertical to the photovoltaic modules, and the other row of tracking supports is used for carrying out back tracking so as to ensure that no shadow is shielded between the photovoltaic modules.
2. The control method of claim 1, wherein said employing an asynchronous tracking mode for said west row tracking rack and said east row tracking rack in each said tracking control unit comprises:
in a first preset time period in the morning, controlling the east tracking support to track the movement locus of the sight day and controlling the west tracking support to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to perform the sight-day movement locus tracking, and the east row tracking support is controlled to perform the back tracking;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period;
an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period satisfies theta 3< beta < theta 4, theta 3 is the afternoon time period, the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support is parallel to the ground, the west tracking support performs a maximum angle of reverse tracking, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support in the afternoon time period.
3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
in a third preset time period, controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the sight day movement locus;
and in the third preset time period, the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground satisfies theta 2< beta <90 degrees, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support are parallel in the morning time period.
4. The control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous back tracking in a fourth preset time period;
in the fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support tracks reversely, or theta 3 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support tracks reversely.
5. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the number of the single row of tracking brackets included in each tracking control unit is an odd number.
6. The control method according to claim 1, wherein when each of the tracking control units includes a plurality of adjacent rows of tracking brackets, a distance between any two adjacent rows of the plurality of rows of tracking brackets is equal, and all the odd rows of tracking brackets have the same tracking manner and all the even rows of tracking brackets have the same tracking manner, the tracking manner being one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
7. A control device of a photovoltaic tracking support is characterized by comprising:
the determining unit is used for determining at least two adjacent rows of tracking supports as a tracking control unit from west to east, and the two rows of tracking supports are respectively as follows: a west row tracking cradle and an east row tracking cradle;
and the asynchronous tracking control unit is used for adopting an asynchronous tracking mode for the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support in each tracking control unit, the asynchronous tracking mode is used for tracking the movement locus of the sight day of one row of tracking supports in each tracking control unit so as to ensure that sunlight is vertical to the photovoltaic modules, and the other row of tracking supports are used for carrying out back tracking so as to ensure that no shadow is shielded between the photovoltaic modules.
8. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the asynchronous tracking control unit is specifically configured to:
in a first preset time period in the morning, the east tracking support is controlled to track the movement locus of the sight day, and the west tracking support is controlled to track reversely;
in a second preset time period in the afternoon, the west row tracking support is controlled to perform the sight-day movement locus tracking, and the east row tracking support is controlled to perform the back tracking;
the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground in the first preset time period meets the condition that theta 1< beta < theta 2, theta 1 is the maximum angle reversely tracked by the east tracking support and parallel to the ground, and theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic components on the west tracking support and the photovoltaic components on the east tracking support are parallel in the morning time period;
an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground in the second preset time period satisfies theta 3< beta < theta 4, theta 3 is the afternoon time period, the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support is parallel to the ground, the west tracking support performs a maximum angle of reverse tracking, and theta 4 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic module on the west tracking support is parallel to the photovoltaic module on the east tracking support in the afternoon time period.
9. The control device according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising:
the synchronous tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to simultaneously track the movement locus of the apparent day in a third preset time period;
and in the third preset time period, the included angle beta between the sunlight and the ground meets the condition that theta 2< beta <90 degrees, wherein theta 2 is the included angle between the sunlight and the ground when the photovoltaic modules on the west row tracking support and the photovoltaic modules on the east row tracking support are parallel in the morning time period.
10. The control device according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising:
the tracking control unit is used for controlling the west row tracking support and the east row tracking support to perform asynchronous tracking or synchronous back tracking in a fourth preset time period;
in the fourth preset time period, an included angle beta between sunlight and the ground is 0< beta < theta, theta is theta 1 or theta 3, theta 1 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the west row tracking support in the morning time period and parallel to the ground, and the east row tracking support tracks reversely, or theta 3 is the maximum angle of the photovoltaic module on the east row tracking support in the afternoon time period and parallel to the ground, and the west row tracking support tracks reversely.
11. The control device according to claim 7, wherein the number of the single-row tracking brackets included in each tracking control unit is an odd number.
12. The control device according to claim 7, wherein when each of the tracking control units includes a plurality of adjacent rows of tracking brackets, a distance between any two adjacent rows of the plurality of rows of tracking brackets is equal, and all the odd-numbered rows of tracking brackets have the same tracking manner and all the even-numbered rows of tracking brackets have the same tracking manner, the tracking manner being one of apparent day movement trajectory tracking and back tracking.
13. A photovoltaic tracking rack system, comprising: a plurality of rows of tracking supports and a tracking controller;
the tracking controller is respectively connected with each tracking bracket and is used for executing the control method of the photovoltaic tracking bracket in claim 1.
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