CN113359545A

CN113359545A - Intelligent agricultural monitoring system and establishing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113359545A
Application number: CN202110587019.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕杰; 赵艳丽; 余晨光; 高军帅; 周冠
Original assignee: Ningxia Institute Of Science And Technology
Current assignee: Ningxia Institute Of Science And Technology
Priority date: 2021-05-27
Filing date: 2021-05-27
Publication date: 2021-09-07

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent agricultural monitoring system and an establishing method thereof, wherein the intelligent agricultural monitoring system comprises an upper computer system and a lower computer system, and the upper computer system comprises an upper computer communication part, an upper computer operation part and a display part; the lower computer system comprises a lower computer communication component, a lower computer operation component, a data acquisition component and a command execution component; and the upper computer system and the lower computer system carry out data transmission through an upper computer communication component and a lower computer communication component. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system is established by designing an upper computer system, a lower computer system, a wireless communication module, system hardware and system software and debugging and testing the whole system. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system is simple to operate, stable and reliable in system operation, and capable of collecting and processing crop environmental parameter information by using various sensors and visually displaying the crop environmental parameter information to a user through a human-computer interaction interface, so that an agricultural manager can freely and subjectively regulate and control the crop environmental parameter information.

Description

Intelligent agricultural monitoring system and establishing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an intelligent agricultural monitoring system and an establishing method thereof.

Background

In the current rapidly developing social life, the life concept of people changes along with the progress of economy and technology. In agriculture, people are only satisfied with the full, and for many workers in China, people pay attention to how to improve the agricultural yield. Meanwhile, a plurality of less humanized places exist in the current agricultural production in China: the labor is less, and the land area is more; for soil water shortage, adjustment of temperature and humidity in a greenhouse and heat preservation measures, face-to-face treatment is required, even a large amount of time is required for achieving an ideal effect, so that a large amount of time is consumed, the time for other working is influenced, and the working in awn seasons is influenced.

Wisdom agricultural monitoring system can effectively solve the management of lawser to soil and crop, makes people all can let all be ready by monitoring equipment everywhere through wisdom agricultural monitoring system, and wisdom agricultural detection system except can monitoring the state of soil can also make corresponding control such as watering to the unfavorable environment of crop growth. At this time, the worker will experience the wisdom. With the continuous development of wireless communication technology research and the breakthrough in the aspect of intelligent agriculture, the daily management of farmers is more convenient, the investment of a large amount of manpower is reduced to the maximum extent, and fewer people do work with higher efficiency. As a main direction of intelligent control in the aspect of agriculture at present, intelligent control technologies of various agricultural equipment are more and more concerned by people in all circles of society, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are input for deep innovation and research. Most of the existing intelligent agricultural monitoring systems adopt a PLC as a lower computer of a monitoring system, and adopt a PC as an upper computer, so that the overall system is high in cost, large in size and high in power consumption. Although a single chip microcomputer is adopted in a control core of a part of agricultural monitoring systems, 8-bit single chip microcomputers are mostly adopted, the performance of the single chip microcomputers is poor, the running speed is low, an internet of things operating system cannot run, a control program adopts a sequential control mode, the real-time performance is poor, a traditional liquid crystal display is often adopted in a display, and the human-computer interaction performance is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a network intelligent agricultural monitoring system based on wireless data communication for multi-point monitoring, which can monitor the growth environment, growth status and adverse status of crops, and has the advantages of low cost, stable system, and simple and convenient operation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

wisdom agricultural monitoring system, its characterized in that: the system comprises an upper computer system and a lower computer system, wherein the upper computer system comprises an upper computer communication component, an upper computer operation component and a display component; the lower computer system comprises a lower computer communication component, a lower computer operation component, a data acquisition component and a command execution component; the upper computer system and the lower computer system perform wireless data transmission through an upper computer communication component and a lower computer communication component;

the upper computer communication component and the lower computer communication component carry out data interactive transmission;

the upper computer operation component is used for processing the data received by the upper computer communication component;

the display component is used for interface display and provides a manual control input function;

the lower computer operation component is used for processing the data received by the lower computer communication component or the data acquired by the data acquisition component;

the data acquisition component acquires crop and environmental information through a sensor;

the command execution component is used for executing corresponding commands.

Further, the upper computer system and the lower computer system adopt a single chip microcomputer as core control, and the upper computer communication component and the lower computer communication component adopt wireless communication modules; the display component comprises a human-computer interaction interface; the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system, and the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system transmits data and instructions to the wireless communication module of the lower computer system through the human-computer interaction interface and the wireless communication module of the upper computer system;

the data acquisition component comprises a component for CO₂A CCS811 gas sensor for detecting concentration, a B-LUX-V30B ambient light sensor for detecting ambient light intensity, an AHT10 temperature and humidity sensor for detecting soil temperature and humidity, and an OV2640 camera for monitoring ambient images;

the command execution component comprises optical-coupled isolators EL817 and CJX2H alternating-current contactors used for driving irrigation water pumps, greenhouse automatic roller shutter control motors and ventilation fan lamp devices.

Further, the singlechip adopts an STM32F407ZGT6 singlechip.

Further, the wireless communication module adopts an nRF24L01 radio frequency chip.

Furthermore, the human-computer interaction interface adopts a Diwen serial port screen.

Further, the method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system is characterized by comprising the following steps,

s1: designing an upper computer system;

s2: designing a lower computer system;

s3: designing a wireless communication module;

s4: designing system hardware;

s5: designing system software;

s6: and debugging and testing the system.

Further, the system hardware design in step S4 includes a main controller circuit design, a wireless communication circuit design, a power supply circuit design, and a CO₂The system comprises a concentration detection circuit design, a switch control circuit design, an illumination intensity detection circuit design, a temperature and humidity detection circuit design, an electric appliance driving circuit design, a system display module design, a video monitoring module design and a system schematic diagram design.

Further, the power supply circuit uses an AC/DC switching power supply.

Further, the system software design of step S5 includes a main program design, a wireless communication program design, a display program design and a GUI software design.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the improvement that,

1. the upper computer system and the lower computer system in the invention both adopt a high-performance STM32F407ZGT6 singlechip as a control core to replace the traditional PLC or 8-bit singlechip, and creatively apply an RT-Thread operating system to the development of a system control program, realize various functions of intelligent agricultural monitoring by adopting an equipment drive and control program developed based on the RT-Thread operating system in the singlechip, and carry out data acquisition, data reception, intersystem communication, data display and automatic control in a multithreading mode based on a system control algorithm developed by the RT-Thread operating system, thereby realizing the purposes of speed of real-time data updating and real-time control. In addition, a touch screen is adopted for developing a human-computer interaction interface, so that the cost is reduced, and the convenience and the friendliness of human-computer interaction are improved.

2. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system is simple to operate, stable and reliable in system operation, and capable of collecting and processing crop environmental parameter information by using various sensors and visually displaying the crop environmental parameter information to a user through a human-computer interaction interface, so that an agricultural manager can freely and subjectively regulate and control the crop environmental parameter information.

3. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system of the invention respectively uses CO₂Various sensors such as sensors, temperature and humidity sensors and the like monitor parameters of agricultural equipment and timely send out early warning to remind farmland managers to check the growth state of crops. In addition, animals in the agricultural environment can be identified through the camera, particularly the polarity of pests is identified, and the identified pictures and relevant characteristic information are imported into a database or stored in the cloud; if large-scale insect pests occur, an automatic 'elimination mode' is carried out.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an overall structure of the intelligent agricultural monitoring system of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the hardware connection of the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a host computer system according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a system block diagram of the lower computer of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a connection block diagram of the wireless communication module of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of the STM32F407ZGT6 minimum system of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the nRF24L01 wireless module of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an FR9888 voltage regulator circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the CCS811 gas sensor circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a switch control circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an illumination intensity detection circuit according to the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an AHT10 temperature and humidity acquisition circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram of the driving circuit of the electric appliance of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a circuit diagram of the divin serial port screen of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of OV2640 camera circuit of the present invention

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent agricultural monitoring system of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a thread ready priority queue of the smart agriculture monitoring system according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a thread running diagram of the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a flowchart of a main program of the upper computer system according to the present invention.

Fig. 20 is a flowchart of a main program of the lower computer system according to the present invention.

Fig. 21 is a flowchart of a wireless transmission procedure according to the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a flowchart of a wireless receiving procedure according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart of the display procedure of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a DGUS graphical interface of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

The intelligent agricultural monitoring system shown in the attached figure 1 comprises an upper computer system and a lower computer system, wherein the upper computer system is a device capable of receiving, displaying and transmitting signals, and the lower computer system is a device capable of acquiring data and executing instructions; the lower computer system belongs to an execution layer in the system, can acquire information of an external environment through a sensor, then sends the information to the upper computer after processing and conversion, and meanwhile, the upper computer can also issue commands to control the lower computer to act.

Specifically, the upper computer system comprises an upper computer communication component, an upper computer operation component and a display component; the lower computer system comprises a lower computer communication component, a lower computer operation component, a data acquisition component and a command execution component; the upper computer system and the lower computer system perform wireless data transmission through an upper computer communication component and a lower computer communication component;

the command execution component is used for executing corresponding commands.

The upper computer system and the lower computer system adopt a single chip microcomputer as core control, and the upper computer communication component and the lower computer communication component adopt wireless communication modules; the display component comprises a human-computer interaction interface; the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system, and the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system transmits data and instructions to the wireless communication module of the lower computer system through the human-computer interaction interface and the wireless communication module of the upper computer system;

In the invention, the upper computer system and the lower computer system both adopt a high-performance STM32 single-chip microcomputer as a control core, and an intelligent agricultural monitoring function is realized by running an equipment driving and control program developed based on an RT-Thread operating system. The main advantages of RT-Thread are: the real-time and small-sized software platform is not only a real-time kernel, but also a software platform with rich functions, can build a POSIX environment and run an independent application program, which is not possessed by a traditional real-time operating system, RT-Thread has 32-256 selectable priority preemptive scheduling, the Thread degree is not limited, the Thread time slices with the same priority are scheduled in a rotating mode, and dynamic creation, Thread destruction and task waiting can be supported to queue according to the priority. A system control algorithm developed based on an RT-Thread operating system carries out data acquisition, data receiving, inter-system communication, data display and automatic control in a mode of creating multiple threads, so that the aims of real-time data updating and real-time control can be fulfilled. The functions of detecting the growth state and the growth environment of agricultural crops, irrigating farmlands, spraying pesticides and the like can be realized through the combination of the upper computer system and the lower computer. The system hardware connections are shown in figure 2.

Further, the method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system comprises the following steps,

s1: designing an upper computer system;

specifically, the upper computer system is a core component of the monitoring control system, is a brain of the whole system, and plays a role in starting and stopping. The host computer mainly has three functions, function one: the upper computer system can communicate with the lower computer and receive data sent by the lower computer system in real time. And a second function: the upper computer system can calculate and process data sent by the lower computer system, and sends commands to the lower computer system according to the analysis result to control the lower computer system to execute corresponding actions, such as switching on and off a relay and the like. And function III: the upper computer system can display related data through the display screen, and a user can set related parameters through the touch screen to control the upper computer system. The upper computer system is provided with three components, namely an upper computer communication component (a wireless communication module), an upper computer operation component (a single chip microcomputer) and a human-computer interaction display component, as shown in the attached figure 3.

S2: designing a lower computer system;

specifically, the lower computer system is in the role of an executor in the whole system, and is a core part of the whole control system. It has three main functions:

the function I, the data acquisition function and the lower computer system can be electronic components or parts for converting non-electric physical quantity (or chemical quantity) of the sensor into electric quantity. So that the subsequent processing by an electronic circuit, a computer and the like is equivalent to monitoring the 'sense organ' of the system, and the numerical value of the electric quantity has a certain functional relationship with the sensed physical quantity.

And the lower computer system can convert the command sent by the upper computer system into corresponding action for controlling some electric equipment or switches. For example, the controller can perform actions under the command of the controller, such as closing a relay, opening a switch, sending a signal, and the like.

And the third function is a data transmission function, and the lower computer system can send the acquired data to the upper computer system in a certain mode and receive the data sent by the upper computer system to form a part of the system.

Therefore, the lower computer system comprises a lower computer communication component (a wireless communication module), a lower computer operation component (a single chip microcomputer), a data acquisition component and a command execution component; as shown in fig. 4.

S3: designing a wireless communication module;

specifically, the information interaction between the upper computer system and the lower computer system is mainly realized by wireless, and the quality of the wireless system determines the stability of the whole system. The connection block diagram of the wireless communication module of the present invention is shown in fig. 5.

The wireless communication module is a bridge for data interaction between the upper computer system and the lower computer system, and the upper computer system and the lower computer system are mainly in communication connection with each other through three stages.

The first stage is to establish nodes, each device is a node in the whole system, the nodes are divided into common nodes and routing nodes, the common nodes are generally lower computers and carry out point-to-point transmission, and the routing nodes are different from the common nodes in that the routing nodes have the functions of node address allocation, management, data packet relay and the like.

And in the second stage, connection is established, and when a node needs to access the network or needs to transmit data, the connection must be established. The connection establishment includes five steps of connection request, one-time handshake, connection establishment request, two-time handshake, connection establishment completion and the like.

And the third stage, data receiving and transmitting, namely, after the connection is established between the nodes, data receiving and transmitting can be carried out, and the data receiving and transmitting comprises five steps of data packaging, carrier wave detection, high-speed transmission, data receiving, data verification and the like.

S4: designing system hardware;

specifically, the system hardware design includes:

s41: designing a main controller circuit;

according to the invention, the main control chip is STM32F407ZGT6, the core board has abundant onboard resources, and can be used for carrying any operating system, and in addition, 112 pins can be used for a plurality of sensors. STM32F407ZGT6 is shown in table 1 as the main on-board resource.

TABLE 1 STM32F407ZGT6 Main on-board resource

The main controller circuit is a STM32F407ZGT6 singlechip minimum system, and the STM32F407ZGT6 minimum system circuit is shown in figure 6.

The device comprises an MCU, a clock circuit and a reset circuit. The clock circuit provides pulse signals for the MCU, and the STM32F407ZGT6 singlechip multiplies the frequency of the pulse signals, and the highest frequency can be multiplied to 168 MHz.

The STM32F407ZGT6 singlechip is of a low level RESET type and is RESET once after each power-on, so the RESET pin should be at a high level potential by default after the system is powered on. R1 is used as a pull-up resistor, SW1 is a RESET key, SW1 is pressed when the RESET is needed, the RESET pin outputs low level, and the system is RESET at the moment. When the RESET key is not operated, the RESET pin is connected to the pull-up resistor, and the default state is high level, so that the system works normally.

S42: designing a wireless communication circuit;

specifically, the wireless communication module adopts a low-price nRF24L01 radio frequency chip. The chip works in a globally free 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz frequency band. The chip can input data at a low speed, and after the data is input, the data is sent out at a high speed, and the data stays in the air for a short time, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the anti-interference capability is improved. The nRF24L01 is driven by a crystal oscillator to work, the transmitted data is modulated by a modulator and then sent to a frequency amplifier for amplification, and finally sent to a power synthesizer for amplifying power and sending out. The output power can be increased and the communication channel can be fine tuned by program configuration. nRF24L01 is a relatively low power consumption wireless communication element that operates at less than 10 milliamps when transmitting at 2-fold gain power and only 12 milliamps when in receive mode, facilitating power-saving designs in idle and power-down modes.

The nRF24L01 module control pin controls the working mode of nRF24L01 by six pins of CE, CSN, IRQ, MISO, MOSI and SCK. nRF24L01 radio module circuitry is shown in fig. 7.

S43: designing a power supply circuit;

specifically, the correct selection of the power supply determines the stable operation of a system, and because the circuit designed by the invention is more complex, more loads and larger power consumption, the power supply circuit selectively uses the AC/DC switching power supply. The DC/DC converter obtains a DC high voltage through high-voltage rectification and filtering, and one or more stable DC voltages are obtained at the output end of the DC/DC converter. Through years of development, the switching power supply has relatively mature results, and has higher power supply efficiency and lower self power consumption and heat dissipation compared with a linear voltage-stabilized power supply; the output current is large, and a large load can be driven; and the circuit protection measures are perfect, and the like.

The input end of the power circuit is 220V alternating current, and 15V direct current voltage is obtained through the switching power supply. In order to ensure that the power supply can keep large power, the voltage stabilizing chip selects a DC/DC adjustable voltage reducing chip, in particular an FR9888 adjustable DC/DC power supply chip.

FR9888 is an adjustable buck DC/DC converter, the input voltage range is 4.5V to 23V, the large current output of 3.5A, and the load capacity is strong. FR9888 fault protection includes cycle-by-cycle current limiting, input UVOL, output overvoltage protection and thermal shutdown. In addition, the adjustable soft start function prevents inrush current at start-up. In the off mode, the supply current is less than 1 μ A. With an 8 pin SOIC package, a very compact system solution and good thermal conductivity is provided.

As shown in fig. 8, the output voltage value of the FR9888 voltage regulator circuit is determined by the resistor divider of the FB pin, and since the regulated voltage of the FB pin is 0.925V, the calculation formula of the output voltage is:

in the formula, the resistance value of R4 is recommended to be 10K omega; since the voltages used in the present invention are 12V, 5V and 3.3V, respectively, the resistances of R2 used in the circuit correspond to 120K Ω, 44.2K Ω and 26.1K Ω, respectively.

S44：CO₂Designing a concentration detection circuit;

CO in the invention₂The concentration detection adopts a CCS811 sensor, and CCS811 is a low-power consumption numberThe word gas sensor is used for monitoring indoor air quality and comprises various volatile organic compounds, a microcontroller unit, an analog-to-digital converter and an I2C interface. The CCS811 sensor adopted in the invention has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong anti-interference capability, small hardware volume, long service life and the like, is mainly applied to wearable equipment, household and building automation design and the like in the market, has a mature technical platform, and is popular with mass users.

CCS811 gas sensor characteristics:

(a) the power consumption is low, and the lowest working current is 0.7 mA;

(b) the sensitivity is high and the reaction is fast;

(c) the stability is high, and the service life is at least more than 5 years;

(d) the driving circuit is simple;

(e) the hardware design is simplified, and trial and small-sized design is realized;

the CCS811 digital gas sensor has five working modes, which are respectively as follows:

(a) mode 0: idle, low current mode;

(b) mode 1: constant power mode, IAQ measurement is performed every second;

(c) mode 2: carrying out pulse heating mode IAQ measurement every 10 seconds;

(d) mode 3: an IAQ measurement is carried out every 60 seconds in the low-power pulse heating mode;

(e) mode 4: constant power mode, with sensor measurements made every 250ms

When the sensor operating mode changes to a new mode with a lower sampling rate (e.g., from mode 1 to mode 3), the new mode should be placed in mode 0 (idle) for at least 10 minutes before being enabled. When the sensor operation mode changes to a new mode with a higher sampling rate (e.g., from mode 3 to mode 1), there is no need to wait before enabling the new mode. Mode 4 is applicable to systems where the external host system wishes to run the algorithm using raw data, and this mode provides new example data every 250 milliseconds. Due to the accuracy of the internal clock, the tolerance of the mode timing is typically 2%.

The CCS811 digital gas sensor uses the IIC bus to communicate with the host, and in order to ensure that the IIC bus is at a high level when idle, a resistor is used to pull the bus level high. Sensor data is input into the microprocessor through the IIC bus. A schematic diagram of the CCS811 gas sensor circuit is shown in fig. 9.

S45: designing a switch control circuit;

the intelligent agricultural monitoring system of the invention needs to use a switch control circuit to adjust the ecological environment in the farmland, and when the MCU sends a turn-on or turn-off instruction, corresponding operation is executed to control the on-off of the relay, thereby realizing the control of agricultural facilities. A schematic diagram of the switch control circuit is shown in fig. 10.

The pull-in of the relay needs about 50mA current to flow through the coil, the IO port output current of the single chip microcomputer is 4 to 20mA, and obviously, a driving circuit needs to be provided for the relay. And the conduction and cut-off characteristics of the triode are utilized, and the gain amplification function is realized. The load is a relay coil. When the input voltage is 0V, the triode is cut off, and the relay is disconnected. When the input voltage is + VCC, the triode is conducted and the relay is closed. During design, an LED is added for displaying the switch state.

When the relay is closed or disconnected, the coil can generate self-inductance voltage. The triode is easy to break down after the self-inductance voltage and the power voltage are superposed. For this purpose, a suppressor diode is connected in reverse parallel across the relay coil for absorbing the induced electromotive force.

S46: designing an illumination intensity detection circuit;

specifically, the B-LUX-V30B ambient light sensor is selected for monitoring the illumination intensity. The B-LUX-V30B is an ambient light sensor integrating a photodiode and an ADC (analog-to-digital converter), provides an I2C digital interface, and can be used for products such as agriculture, instruments and meters, industrial sensors and the like. The device working current is less than 0.8mA, and the ambient light sensor has low power consumption; with a 32-bit illumination value register and a 112-byte EEPROM data storage unit, 0-200000 lumens illumination intensity values are measured. The device can work in an environment of-40 ℃ to +85 ℃. The element has strong IR suppression and an internal IR compensation mechanism can minimize the effect of infrared light, providing accurate lumen response.

When the B-LUX-V30B ambient light sensor is used, a pull-up resistor with the size of 10K must be added to an EN pin, so that the sensor can work normally. Sensor data is input into the microprocessor through the IIC bus. A schematic diagram of a B-LUX-V30B ambient light sensor illumination intensity detection circuit is shown in fig. 11.

S47: designing a temperature and humidity detection circuit;

specifically, an AHT10 temperature and humidity sensor is selected for temperature and humidity monitoring; the AHT10 temperature and humidity sensor collects the temperature and humidity of the environment, the sensor outputs calibrated temperature and humidity digital signals to the control system by adopting a temperature and humidity collection technology, and the AHT10 temperature and humidity sensor has the advantages of short response time and low power consumption performance. The AHT10 sensor is composed of a capacitance type humidity sensing element and a temperature sensing element, and is fast in response and high in anti-interference capability.

The AHT10 uses the IIC bus to communicate with the host, and in order to ensure that the IIC bus is high when idle, a resistor is used to pull the bus high. Sensor data is input into the microprocessor through the IIC bus, and a schematic diagram of an AHT10 temperature and humidity acquisition circuit is shown in the attached figure 12.

S48: designing an electric appliance driving circuit;

the invention adopts an optical coupling isolator and a 36V AC contactor to control the control of a 220V AC motor. When the MCU sends a turn-on or turn-off instruction, corresponding operation is executed, and the switch of the alternating current motor is controlled, so that the alternating current motor is controlled. Fig. 13 shows an electric appliance driving circuit diagram. When the optical coupler isolator is conducted, current passes through a coil of the alternating current contactor, so that the normally open end of the alternating current relay is closed, and the alternating current motor is electrified to operate.

S49: designing a system display component;

the system display part comprises a human-computer interaction interface, the human-computer interaction interface is displayed by adopting a Diwen serial port screen DMT10600C101_07W, the DMT10600C101_07W is a Diwen serial port screen with capacitance touch, music playing is supported, the size of the screen is 10.1 inches, 64-level brightness adjustment can be carried out, and the system display part is popular in the aspect of human-computer interaction.

The DMT10600C101_07W diwen serial port screen uses a serial port to communicate with a host computer, and the circuit diagram is shown in fig. 14.

S410: designing a video monitoring module;

specifically, the OV2640 camera is adopted as the video monitoring module in the invention. OV2640 is a COMS camera with 200W pixels. The camera is small in size and low in working voltage, and has higher image processing technology in later period while being higher. May be controlled by only one SCCB, the UXGA image of this device reaches 15 frames/second most strongly. Can achieve higher requirements on the quality, transmission and specification of images. All programming can be done through the SCCB only. Due to the unique skills of the OV company, there is a function to obtain high quality images by reducing or eliminating optical or electronic defects.

The properties of OV2640 are:

1) the reaction is rapid, and the embedded type applicable voltage is provided;

2) the self-contained 24M active crystal oscillator does not need an external clock;

3) the inside of the device is provided with a voltage stabilizing circuit which can work after being connected with 3.3V;

4) the camera lens is provided with an infrared lens, is rich in color and can be manually focused.

The schematic diagram of the OV2640 camera circuit is shown in FIG. 15.

S411: designing a system schematic diagram;

after the circuit schematic diagram of each module is designed, the modules need to be connected to form a complete system, and the system schematic diagram of the intelligent agricultural monitoring system of the invention is shown in fig. 16.

S5: designing system software;

specifically, the system software design comprises:

s51: designing a main program;

specifically, the operating system of the present invention uses RT-Thread. The main advantages of RT-Thread are: the real-time Thread management system is real-time, small and cuttable, is not only a real-time kernel, but also a software platform with rich functions, can build a POSIX environment and run an independent application program, which is not possessed by a traditional real-time operating system, RT-Thread has preemptive scheduling with 32-256 selectable priorities, the linear degree is not limited, Thread time slices with the same priority are scheduled in a rotating mode, dynamic creation, Thread destruction and task waiting are supported, queuing can be carried out according to the priority, and the RT-Thread kernel can be roughly divided into 6 parts of object management, a real-time scheduler, Thread management, inter-Thread communication, clock management and equipment driving.

The intelligent agricultural function is realized by mainly adopting an operating system, and data acquisition, data receiving, intersystem communication, data display and automatic control are carried out in a multithreading mode, so that the aims of real-time data updating and real-time control are fulfilled. Because the real-time performance of the traditional main function is not high when the program is executed, the traditional main function is not adopted as the main function call of the system. The system thread ready priority queue is shown in fig. 17 and the system thread run graph is shown in fig. 18.

Further, the upper computer system is powered on and then starts to execute the drive initialization program, the initial wireless module and the display. And then waiting for the arrival of the data, starting to analyze the data after receiving the data transmitted by the lower computer, sending a corresponding instruction to the lower computer system according to the data result, and displaying the data transmitted by the lower computer system on a display. The flow chart of the main program of the upper computer system is shown in fig. 19.

And starting a system initialization program after the lower computer system is powered on, initializing peripheral driving, starting to acquire data of each sensor, sending the data to the upper computer system, judging the source of a data address of the slave computer, judging whether an instruction is received or not, executing corresponding action if the instruction is received, and entering the next round of circulation if the instruction is not received. The flow chart of the main program of the lower computer system is shown in fig. 20.

Furthermore, in the upper computer system and the lower computer system, all the used devices are the drivers compiled in the device driver framework layer of the RT-Thread, the required device drivers are formed by calling the functions of the device driver layer, then the interfaces are unified through the device management layer, and then the interfaces are conveniently and quickly called in the process, so that the devices are controlled. The system device driver framework call function is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 System device driver framework Call function

The core code design of the system equipment driver is introduced by taking the AHT10 temperature and humidity sensor driver used in the invention as an example, and the core code and the idea are as follows:

before designing a driver, defining an equipment structure body to operate by a general driver;

1)stm32_dht11_init(rt_device_t dev)

the pins of the equipment are configured through the function, wherein the functions comprise pin clock enabling the equipment, output mode configuration, pin pull-up and pull-down configuration, pin speed setting and the like.

2)stm32_device_open

The function has different meanings and effects in different devices, and plays a role in resetting the devices for the AHT 10. For the communication module, the communication module functions as a configuration node and a relevant register.

3)stm32_device_read

The function is a reading function, and data collection of the equipment is carried out through the function. The upper computer and the lower computer carry out data acquisition through the function, and data type conversion and the like are carried out in the function.

4)stm32_device_write

This function is a write function by which command writing of the device is performed. The upper computer and the lower computer send instructions through the function.

5)stm32_device_control

This function controls the device by means of command control words.

6)stm32_device_close

The function is a device shutdown function, and if the device completes the above operation and the device is not needed, the device shutdown operation can be performed through the function, but the device shutdown cannot be repeated.

When all the above operations are completed, the device manager is injected by:

dev->device.type＝RT_Device_Class_Miscellaneous；

dev->device.init＝stm32_aht10_init；

dev->device.open＝stm32_aht10_open；

dev->device.close＝stm32_aht10_close；

dev->device.read＝stm32_aht10_read；

dev->device.write＝stm32_aht10_write；

dev->device.control＝stm32_aht10_control；

dev->device.user_data＝RT_NULL；

after the device manager is injected, device registration is carried out in the following mode, the device is registered as a read-only device, and the device is opened in the mode of the read-only device:

rt_device_register(&(dev->device),dev_name,RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDONLY)；

and finally, calling INIT _ DEVICE _ EXPORT (AHT10_ INIT) to complete automatic calling driven by AHT10, and after calling the function, a user does not need to make manual calling or manual initialization, and the function can be completely and automatically called when RTT is operated.

Further, the system program is designed to manage the device based on the device interface of the device management layer. The device management layer is located between the application program and the hardware, and the device management layer is based on the device driver framework layer and the device driver layer. The device management function in the present invention is shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 device management function

1)rt_device_find(char*name)

The function is a function for searching equipment, the upper layer searches the peripheral equipment registered in the drive, handle output is carried out after the corresponding equipment is found, and the equipment is controlled by utilizing the handle.

2)rt_device_open(rt_device_t dev,rt_uint16_t OFLAG)

The function is a device opening function, and dev in the entry parameter represents a handle of the used device; the OFLAG means that the device is opened in a read-only mode, a write-only mode or a read-write mode. Function one: peripheral equipment used in the system utilizes the function to carry out packaging configuration, and a module utilizes the function to carry out configuration of sending and receiving related registers; and a second function: monitoring whether equipment exists; and function III: it is monitored whether the device has completed initialization.

3)rt_device_control(rt_device_t dev,rt_uint8_t cmd,void*arg)

The function is a device control function, and after the device handle is obtained, the device is correspondingly set through the input cmd. If additional specific parameter settings are required, the input settings can be made through the arg.

4)rt_device_write(rt_device_t dev,rt_off_t pos,void*buffer,rt_size_t size)

This function is a device write function, and after obtaining the device handle of the rt _ device _ find () function, calling this function writes data into the handle for the dev device. Pos in the entry parameter indicates the offset of the written data, and pos may have different meanings in different devices. The Buffer represents a Buffer area of data, when in use, the data to be sent is copied into the Buffer, and then the sending work can be automatically completed. Size indicates the Size of the data in the data buffer.

5)rt_device_read(rt_device_t dev,rt_off_t pos,void*buffer,rt_size_t size)

The function is a device reading function, and as with the device writing function, after the function is called, data is read from the dev device, and the read data is copied to the size data cache region.

In the invention, after the system peripheral equipment is established, the system peripheral equipment is registered in the equipment manager of the system, and then the 5 APIs are used for packaging the equipment driver. The method can unify the interfaces, and if one device needs to be used, the operation can be completed only by obtaining the corresponding device handle.

S52: wireless communication programming;

specifically, a wireless transmission program is designed, a wireless chip is initialized, then the CE level is pulled down to enable the device to be in an idle standby state, configuration information is written into the device chip through a register of the wireless transmission device and an SPI bus, the device chip and a CE pin complete the working mode configuration of nRF24L01, the device is enabled to be in a transmission mode, and the SPI and nRF24L01 complete data communication.

The nRF24L01 is configured into a sending mode, then the sending node address and the receiving node address are written, data to be sent are sent into an nRF24L01 buffer area through an SPI bus, an nRF24L01 intelligent response mode is configured, CE level is pulled up to start sending the data, sending is waited to be completed, finally, the CE level is pulled down to enable the CE level to enter an idle mode, the sending buffer area is cleared, and the next sending is waited. A flowchart of the wireless transmission procedure is shown in fig. 21.

Since nRF24L01 communicates by SPI, nRF24L01 is first made into a virtual SPI device, and then registers such as nodes are arranged, and the arrangement information is written into nRF24L01 by a transmission function and read to check the accuracy of data and the presence of the device. Finally, the virtual bus device is added to the SPI by using the characteristics of the system itself. By the operation, peripheral equipment of the nRF24L01 can be injected into the system, so that the connection between the equipment and the system is completed, and the transmitting function of the nRF24L01 is realized. After the device is added, at the application layer of the system, the unified interfaces rt _ device _ find () and rt _ device _ open () of the system can be used to perform an access operation on the device, and for the transmission of the wireless device, an operation of writing user data into the device can be performed through an rt _ device _ write () function, thereby implementing a transmission function.

Further, a wireless receiving program needs to be designed, the nRF24L01 wireless transceiver module is initialized, the CE pin is pulled low to enable the device to enter a standby mode, then the nRF24L01 register is configured to enable the device to be in a data receiving mode, a node address is written, a receiving frequency and a data width are configured, and the like. When the wireless equipment needs to receive data, the nRF24L01 enters a receiving state mode after waiting for a certain time, and waits for and receives the data reported by the lower computer. When data arrives, the interrupt generated makes the IRQ pin change to a low level state, and prompts the MCU to read the data value. A flow chart of the radio reception procedure is shown in fig. 22.

For the wireless receiving part, the configuration code of the wireless receiving part is combined with the code transmitted by the wireless, a great part is simplified compared with the transmission, redundant codes are removed, the workload irrelevant to the system is reduced, and the operation speed of the system is accelerated. So it is configured when accessing the device and then determines if the data is coming by reading the status register of the device. When the data arrives, the rt _ device _ read () function is used for copying the data sent by the slave to the global variable, and then the upper-layer application program is used.

S53: displaying the program design;

the graphical interactive interface of the invention adopts data driving. And sending the data to be displayed to a buffer area of the screen, and automatically displaying the data on a preset background by the screen.

The host computer and the data interaction of the screen adopt serial port communication, and the host computer obtains the data in the data cache region of the display screen through the serial port at intervals, so that the memory data of the host computer is consistent with the display data. When the display data needs to be changed, the host packs the data into a whole, adds a data frame header, a length and a check bit, and then sends the data to the display screen through the serial port for display. If the data format is correct, the corresponding data is displayed, otherwise, the display screen considers that the data packet is invalid and discards the data packet. A flowchart of the display procedure is shown in fig. 23.

S54: designing GUI software;

the graphical interface is made by DGUSII software which is intelligent, graphical interface and human-computer system development software independently developed by Beijing Diwen technology Limited. The development software is matched with a DGUSII screen based on a T5 kernel for use. A user can develop and design functions of the DGUSII screen through DGUSII development software at a computer end, so that the development difficulty of the user is greatly reduced, and the development cost of the user is also reduced. The DGUS graphical interface is shown in figure 24.

The advantages of the DGUSII development system are listed below:

1) DGUSII decomposes each page of GUI (graphical user interface) into a plurality of controls, and a user only needs to add a function control on the corresponding page by using development software of a PC (personal computer) end to realize a certain function.

2) DGUSII has a variety of controls for users to select, and can implement rich functions (such as data display, touch input, sound play, etc.).

3) The SRAM variable space with 128K is provided, the traditional register configuration mode is deleted, and the corresponding function can be completed by directly operating the variable address through the instruction.

4) With 256-byte configuration register control, the T5 kernel only supports reading and writing of serial port instructions, so that secondary development of the touch screen is simpler.

5) Compared with K600+, T5 kernel, the series of functions of sliding touch are added.

6) The method has an SD/SDHC interface, and after the interface design is finished by using DGUSII software, the project folder is sent into the SD card, and the project folder is immediately downloaded after being plugged, and the project folder is restarted after the project folder is downloaded; meanwhile, the kernel can be upgraded by using the method, and the method is convenient and quick.

7) The built-in RTC (Gregorian calendar/lunar calendar) can set a digital clock and a watch clock on a page, and the time is set by sending a corresponding instruction through a serial port.

8) Double-core single instruction cycle and 2D/3D acceleration, and the switching speed of the animation icons is increased

9) The voice playing function supports the capacitive touch screen, and a high-reliability user database can be constructed in the space of the picture memory.

10) The DWIN OS platform integrates mathematical operation (including MAC and CRC), data storage (including Flash database reading and writing), serial port communication, common communication protocol processing (such as Modbus protocol, DT/T465 power meter reading protocol and the like), serial port peripheral (such as printer) driving, DGUS process control and other instructions, and typical application cases comprise Modbus management, power meter reading, bill printing, POS equipment and the like.

11) The method provides a reliable hardware platform (HMI platform architecture based on Divin ASIC, which has been tested for nearly 10 years of industrial application), and software design of Divin independent intellectual property (DGUS software is designed by assembly code, and the total code amount is about 50KB), so that the DGUS screen not only has excellent performance, but also runs stably and reliably.

12) The product passes the TUV, CE and RoHS certification.

S6: and debugging and testing the system.

The system debugging is divided into two parts, namely a hardware circuit aspect and a software bug aspect. The hardware debugging mainly checks whether the circuit design is correct, whether the welding is firm and whether the phenomena of missing welding and missing welding exist. The motor drive of the system is simulated using a dc motor, since it cannot be realized using an ac motor for technical reasons. The invention uses the L9110 series driving plate in the driving of the agricultural irrigation water pump.

The software debugging mainly modifies whether the program logic is correct or not and whether a software design bug exists or not. The debugging finds that some problems exist in the wireless transceiving process, and the problems are as follows:

the first problem is that: when sending, the data can be normally written to the SPI bus, but can not be sent out.

Problem analysis: first, debug mode is turned on, looking at the value of the STATUS register of the device, if the value of STATUS is 0x2E and the value of NRF _ FIFO _ STATUS is 0x11, indicating that the transmission was successful. But not successfully, turn on debug mode to send

Now the value of STATUS is 0x0f, indicating that the TX FIFO is full and not starting to transmit. At this time, the CE pin and CONFIG register of the device need to be detected, because the transceiving mode of the device is that the CE and CONFIG registers work together.

The problems are solved: and starting a debugging mode, checking whether the settings of the CONFIG register are wrong or not, and checking that no error exists. Illustrating that the CE pin of the device is problematic. Since the system is based on the HAL library, the CE pin is pulled high and low in the driver using the API provided in the HAL library, and is debugged to be invalid. Because the configuration of the system is carried out by the cube MX, whether the system refers to the cube engineering information is checked, and the reference is not found after the checking. And then returning to the driving of checking the GPIO in the system, and finding that the PIN is required to be used, a GET _ PIN (GPIO, PIN) function is firstly used to acquire the information of the PIN so as to be available.

The second problem is that: unexpected interruption can occur when data is transmitted and received, which can cause program errors and downtime.

Problem analysis: an interrupt occurs to illustrate the situation where there is interference between the module programs during operation. Since the wireless device performs data transmission by creating a new thread and preemptively scheduling threads, the thread may be interrupted by other threads.

The problem is solved: in the receiving and sending mode, mutexes are added, so that a device can acquire semaphores firstly during receiving and sending, a thread acquiring the semaphores can have absolute ownership, the semaphores are released after data sending or data receiving is completely finished, and other threads can acquire own ownership.

The third problem is that: and reading data abnormality of partial sensors.

Problem analysis: firstly, judging whether the used sensor hardware has problems or not, and whether the phenomenon that a power lamp is not on occurs or not during power-on; then monitoring whether the level of the output pin changes or not; and after the detection in the aspect of hardware is finished, judging whether the sensor belongs to a single bus, IIC, SPI or other types of sensors.

The problem is solved: after the hardware is checked to have no problem, the sensor is judged to be single-bus equipment, whether the time delay is accurate or not must be checked, and whether the data acquired by the sensor is accurate or not is determined due to inaccurate time delay.

Furthermore, the system test is divided into a conventional test part and a pressure test part, the conventional test part mainly detects whether the neglected problem exists, the detection shows that the system runs well, data can be normally received and sent, and the operation result accords with an expected value. The pressure test mainly tests whether the system can work normally under a complex environment. The system is respectively placed in a strong electromagnetic wave environment, a high-temperature environment and an ultra-long work. Tests show that the system is poor in performance in a strong battery wave environment, the connection between a host and a slave is frequently disconnected, and the system is good in performance in a high-temperature environment and long-time working tests.

At present, high and new technologies are applied to aspects of human life, and the purpose of scientific and technological service life is fully reflected. The invention designs a wireless-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system, which intelligently monitors and controls environmental parameters of crops through a wireless transmission technology, thereby further improving the living environment of the crops, providing a better growing environment for large-scale farm or greenhouse crops, and being helpful for the yield of the crops to a certain extent.

The invention adopts the STM32F407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer for control, has simple operation and stable and reliable system operation, uses various sensors to collect and process the environmental parameter information of the crops and visually displays the environmental parameter information to users through a human-computer interaction interface so as to facilitate the free and subjective regulation and control of agricultural managers. The invention respectively uses CO₂Various sensors such as sensors, temperature and humidity sensors and the like monitor parameters of agricultural equipment and timely send out early warning to remind farmland managers to check the growth state of crops. In the near future, animals in agricultural environments can be identified through a camera, wherein pest polarity is particularly identified, and identified pictures and related characteristic information are imported into a database or stored in the cloud. If large-scale insect pests occur, an automatic 'elimination mode' is carried out.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. Wisdom agricultural monitoring system, its characterized in that: the system comprises an upper computer system and a lower computer system, wherein the upper computer system comprises an upper computer communication component, an upper computer operation component and a display component; the lower computer system comprises a lower computer communication component, a lower computer operation component, a data acquisition component and a command execution component; the upper computer system and the lower computer system perform wireless data transmission through an upper computer communication component and a lower computer communication component;

the command execution component is used for executing corresponding commands.

2. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system of claim 1, wherein: the upper computer system and the lower computer system adopt a single chip microcomputer as core control, and the upper computer communication component and the lower computer communication component adopt wireless communication modules; the display component comprises a human-computer interaction interface; the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system, and the single chip microcomputer of the upper computer system transmits data and instructions to the wireless communication module of the lower computer system through the human-computer interaction interface and the wireless communication module of the upper computer system;

3. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the single chip microcomputer adopts an STM32F407ZGT6 single chip microcomputer.

4. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the wireless communication module adopts an nRF24L01 radio frequency chip.

5. The intelligent agricultural monitoring system of claim 2, wherein: the human-computer interaction interface adopts a Diwen serial port screen.

6. The method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the following steps,

s1: designing an upper computer system;

s2: designing a lower computer system;

s3: designing a wireless communication module;

s4: designing system hardware;

s5: designing system software;

s6: and debugging and testing the system.

7. The method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein: step S4, designing system hardware including main controller circuit design, wireless communication circuit design, power supply circuit design, CO₂The system comprises a concentration detection circuit design, a switch control circuit design, an illumination intensity detection circuit design, a temperature and humidity detection circuit design, an electric appliance driving circuit design, a system display module design, a video monitoring module design and a system schematic diagram design.

8. The method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to claim 7, wherein: the power supply circuit uses an AC/DC switching power supply.

9. The method for establishing the intelligent agricultural monitoring system according to claim 6, wherein: the system software design of step S5 includes a main program design, a wireless communication program design, a display program design, and a GUI software design.