CN113359225B - Preparation and application method of optical fiber sensor for measuring external curvature of columnar material - Google Patents
Preparation and application method of optical fiber sensor for measuring external curvature of columnar material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113359225B CN113359225B CN202110560478.XA CN202110560478A CN113359225B CN 113359225 B CN113359225 B CN 113359225B CN 202110560478 A CN202110560478 A CN 202110560478A CN 113359225 B CN113359225 B CN 113359225B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02123—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
A preparation and application method of an optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of a columnar material comprises the following steps: selecting the fiber grating and the substrate material, including selecting the fiber grating by integrating the coating layer material and the sensing scale distance; selecting a substrate material by integrating hardness, restoring force, shrinkage rate, color, obtaining mode, cost and manufacturing conditions; the manufacturing of the mold requires that the mold material can ensure the complete demolding of the cured substrate; the size of the mould meets the size condition of an engineering pure bending model; the process manufacturing comprises the steps of cleaning a mold, fixing the fiber bragg grating and spraying a release agent; filling a substrate material and defoaming; drying, curing and demolding to obtain the optical fiber sensor. The pasting method comprises the steps of adopting a fixing mode of cross winding of the self-adhesive tape, placing the sensor below the cross winding position of the self-adhesive tape, pasting the substrate on the outer layer of the measured columnar object, and resisting four angular forces of the optical fiber sensor. The invention can improve the reliability and stability of curvature monitoring.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical fiber sensing measurement, and particularly relates to a preparation and application method of an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a columnar material.
Background
Since the birth of the curvature sensing technology, a great deal of research on the curvature sensing technology has been carried out at home and abroad, and the curvature sensing technology is widely applied to the fields of civil engineering, aerospace, biomedicine, robots and the like. In order to meet the requirements of curvature measurement in flexible structures with higher precision, smaller size, lighter weight and higher safety, a series of optical fiber sensing curvature detection technologies based on flexible substrates have been proposed so far, and can be used for measuring the curvature of various complex structures. Compared with factors such as electromagnetic interference and unsafe caused by the traditional electrical sensing technology, the optical fiber for optical fiber sensing has a series of advantages as a medium for transmitting information, including electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, high sensitivity, simple structure, small size, wider transmission band and the like. However, the problems of low measurement accuracy, poor reliability, low result repetition rate and insufficient stability in long-term use still exist in various types of optical fiber curvature sensors at present, and the development of optical fiber curvature sensing monitoring is still restricted, so that the optical fiber curvature sensors are difficult to truly realize engineering application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation and application method of an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a columnar material aiming at the problems of insufficient reliability and stability in the prior art, and meets the requirement of engineering on monitoring the outer curvature of the columnar material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a columnar material comprises the following steps:
-selection of fiber grating and substrate material;
selecting the fiber grating by integrating the coating layer material and the sensing scale distance;
selecting a substrate material by integrating hardness, restoring force, shrinkage rate, color, obtaining mode, cost and manufacturing conditions;
-making a mould;
the mold material can ensure that the cured substrate is completely demoulded;
the size of the mould meets the size condition of an engineering pure bending model;
-flow making;
cleaning a mold, fixing the fiber bragg grating and spraying a release agent;
filling a substrate material and defoaming;
drying, curing and demolding to obtain the optical fiber sensor.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when selecting the fiber grating, the coating material has a high temperature resistance, and the sensing gauge length is less than 10mm.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, the hardness of the base material is 50HA, the base material can not deform or tear after being stretched and twisted for many times, the base material HAs better capability of resisting the pressing-in of a hard object on the premise of being bent and recovered along with a measured object, the obtaining mode is easy, the manufacturing condition is simple, the curing molding shrinkage rate is below 0.001%, the colors before and after molding are transparent or semitransparent, and the embedded optical grating can be checked in real time in the process of manufacturing the sensor, so that the optical fiber grating is perpendicular to two side surfaces of the mold and parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the mold in real time.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the substrate material is commercial liquid silicone rubber.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, a transparent polyester film for improving the smoothness between the commercial liquid silicone rubber substrate and the measured columnar object is fixed below the commercial liquid silicone rubber substrate, and the polyester film is directly attached to the lowest layer of the silicone rubber in the process of curing the liquid silicone rubber without using other adhesives.
As a preferred scheme of the present invention, in the process of the production, the commercial liquid silicone rubber is firstly put into a vacuum defoaming box for defoaming, then a fixed polyester film is adhered to the bottom of the mold, the defoamed commercial liquid silicone rubber is poured into the mold, and after being defoamed again, the mold is put into a constant temperature forced air drying oven for drying and curing, and the setting parameters of drying and curing are as follows: the temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 3h.
As a preferred scheme of the invention, two side surfaces of the mold are provided with limiting holes, and the mold can be opened from the limiting holes, so that the fiber bragg grating can be placed in the mold.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the size of the die can be simplified to a pure bending stress condition under the stress condition of transverse force bending, namely the axial length of the die is more than 5 times of the height of the die, and the influence of the shearing stress and the extrusion stress on the positive bending stress is ignored.
The invention also provides an application method of the optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of the columnar material, which comprises the following steps:
the optical fiber sensor is placed below the cross winding position of the self-adhesive tape in a fixing mode of cross winding of the self-adhesive tape, and the base surface is pasted on the outer layer of the measured columnar object to resist four angular forces of the optical fiber sensor, so that the wavelength is stable.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the optical fiber sensor has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the optical fiber sensor can be practically applied to monitoring the curvature of the columnar object in engineering, such as cables, cable accessories, bridge bearing structures and the like. The invention provides the key conditions for selecting the substrate material: the curvature monitoring device has the advantages that the rigidity, restoring force, shrinkage rate, color, obtaining mode, cost and manufacturing conditions are met, and the transmission rate and accuracy of curvature monitoring are guaranteed on the premise that the requirements are met. The selection of the fiber grating is carried out by integrating the coating layer material and the sensing scale distance, and the coating layer material is resistant to high temperature, so that the coating layer and the optical fiber are not damaged in the manufacturing and using processes of the sensor; the sensing scale distance of the fiber grating is required to be as small as possible, the smaller sensing scale distance is embedded in the substrate, the restoring force of the sensing area grating can be guaranteed to be small to the maximum degree, and the sensing area grating is guaranteed to be changed along with the film substrate to the maximum degree. The method meets the requirements of the engineering on monitoring the outer curvature of the columnar material.
Furthermore, a layer of transparent polyester film for improving smoothness is fixed below the silicon rubber substrate, so that relative movement between the sensor and the measured columnar object is facilitated, and the transfer rate and accuracy of curvature monitoring are further improved.
Compared with the prior art, the method for sticking the optical fiber sensor provided by the invention has the advantages that the sensor is fixed on the columnar monitored object in a cross winding manner, and compared with the cross winding manner, the cross winding manner can effectively resist four angular forces of the optical fiber curvature sensor, so that the elastic recovery of silicon rubber and the optical fiber in the silicon rubber is inhibited to the greatest extent, the wavelength is stabilized, and the reliability and the stability of curvature monitoring can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing and applying an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a cylindrical material according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a method of applying the optical fiber sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a statistical chart of the wavelength variation of optical fibers measured at different curvatures at a constant temperature of 26.5 ℃ in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a statistical chart of the wavelength shift of the optical fiber sensor under different curvatures at a constant temperature of 26.5 ℃ in the embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention provides a preparation and application method of an optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of a columnar material, taking an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) curvature sensor as an example, the preparation method of the invention comprises the steps of early preparation (selection of the optical fiber grating and a substrate material, manufacture of a mould) and flow manufacturing; the pasting method of the invention adopts a fixing mode of cross winding of the self-adhesive tape, and ensures the reliability and stability of curvature measurement on the premise of ensuring the reasonable stress of the pure bending model to the maximum extent.
In the preparation method of the invention, the fiber Bragg grating is manufactured and selected by integrating two key factors of coating layer materials and grating gauge length (sensing gauge length). Furthermore, the optical fiber coating layer should be resistant to high temperature, such as a polyimide coating layer (capable of resisting high temperature of 300 ℃) and the like, so that the coating layer and the optical fiber are not damaged in the manufacturing and using processes of the sensor; the sensing scale distance of the fiber grating is required to be as small as possible (within 10 mm), the smaller sensing scale distance is embedded in the substrate, the restoring force of the sensing area grating can be ensured to be small to the maximum degree, and the sensing area grating is ensured to be changed along with the film substrate to the maximum degree. The base material should combine: the factors of hardness, restoring force, shrinkage rate, color, obtaining mode and cost and manufacturing conditions are comprehensively selected.
The substrate material HAs proper hardness (about 50 HA), can not deform or tear after being stretched and twisted for many times, and can have better capability of resisting the pressing-in of a hard object on the premise of being bent and restored along with a measured object, thereby better fixing the fiber bragg grating, shortening the stabilization time of the measured central wavelength and simultaneously improving the measurement accuracy. Meanwhile, commercial liquid silicone rubber which is easy to obtain and low in cost can be selected. The selected commercial liquid silicone rubber has low curing and forming conditions and is easy to process, so that the manufacturing conditions and the cost are greatly reduced, and the engineering application is realized; the shrinkage rate of the liquid silicone rubber during curing and molding is extremely low (below 0.001%), so that the sensor substrate before and after curing and molding is basically unchanged, and an ideal pure bending model is met to the greatest extent. In addition, the colors of the selected commercial liquid silicone rubber before and after forming should be transparent or semitransparent, and in the process of manufacturing the sensor, the grating embedded in the silicone rubber can be checked in real time, so that the grating is ensured to be vertical to two side surfaces of the mold and to be parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the mold in real time.
In one embodiment, a transparent mylar film may be affixed to the bottom layer of silicone rubber under the commercial liquid silicone rubber substrate described above, with the mylar film adhering to the bottom layer of silicone rubber during the curing of the liquid silicone rubber, without the use of other adhesives. The polyester film can effectively increase the smoothness between the silicon rubber and the measured cylindrical object, thereby ensuring the relative movement between the sensor and the measured object.
In one embodiment, the mold material of the present invention should not adhere to the silicone rubber (or to the silicone rubber if a release agent is used) to ensure complete release of the cured silicone rubber. In addition, the two side surfaces of the die are provided with circular limiting holes with the diameter of 0.1mm, and the die can be opened from the limiting holes, so that the fiber bragg grating can be placed in the die. In one embodiment, the dimensions of the mold should meet the dimensional conditions of an engineering pure bending model, i.e. under the stress condition of transverse force bending, the stress condition of pure bending can be simplified, i.e. the axial length (the longest side) of the mold should be more than 5 times larger than the height (perpendicular to the bending direction) of the mold, and under the condition, the influence of the shear stress and the extrusion stress on the positive bending stress is very small and negligible.
The flow manufacturing process of the invention needs to be cleaned as standard as possible, and comprises the steps of cleaning a mold, fixing the fiber bragg grating and spraying a release agent; mixing silicon rubber and defoaming; pouring the mixed silicon rubber into a mold and defoaming; drying, curing and demoulding.
The method for sticking the optical fiber sensor is characterized in that the sensor is wrapped on a measured cylindrical object in a cross winding mode of the rubber self-adhesive tape, and compared with a cross winding mode, the method can effectively resist four angular forces of the optical fiber curvature sensor by adopting the cross winding mode, so that the elastic recovery of silicon rubber and the optical fiber in the silicon rubber is inhibited to the greatest extent, and the wavelength is stabilized.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the preparation method of the optical fiber sensor of the invention firstly selects the optical fiber and the substrate material; in this embodiment, a fiber bragg grating manufactured by a certain company is selected, the sensing gauge length is 10mm, the coating material is polyimide, the working temperature range is-30 ℃ to 300 ℃, and the diameter of the fiber core is 0.1mm. And selecting a certain type of commercial silicone rubber, wherein all performance parameters of the commercial silicone rubber meet the requirements of color, shrinkage rate, hardness, obtaining mode and cost, manufacturing conditions and restoring force in the flow chart of figure 1. The liquid silicone rubber is divided into A, B. When in use, the A and B components are mixed in equal proportion.
The aluminum alloy die shown in FIG. 2 is used, the die is divided into an upper portion and a lower portion, the upper portion and the lower portion are not covered, only 4 sides are provided, the die is layered at the position of an optical fiber parallel limiting hole 201, the total diameter of the optical fiber parallel limiting hole is 1mm, and four corners are connected through bolts for fixing the upper portion and the lower portion at 202. The inner diameter of the upper part is 0.6mm high, the inner diameter of the lower part is 1.9mm high, the total height is 2.5mm, the length is 30mm, the width is 10mm, and the silicone rubber is effectively demoulded from a mould by a MOLYKOTE 316 demould agent.
After the selection of the optical fiber and the selection of the substrate material are completed, the flow manufacturing is carried out, and the specific manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
(1) and opening the die from the optical fiber limiting hole, cleaning the die, putting the optical fiber into the parallel limiting hole, fixing the die after the internal fiber grating is positioned in the center of the die, spraying MOLYKOTE 316 on the periphery and the upper layer of the polyester film in the die, and placing aside.
(2) At room temperature, respectively weighing the components in a mass ratio of 1:1 Silicone rubber components A and B (5 g each) were placed in a beaker and briefly mixed, after which they were placed in an ultrasonic cleaner and ultrasonically mixed for about 2 minutes to ensure uniform mixing.
(3) And (3) putting the beaker containing the mixed silicon rubber into a vacuum defoaming box, vacuumizing for about 3 minutes until no bubbles are generated in the mixed solution, and taking out the beaker.
(4) And (3) sticking and fixing a polyester film at the bottom of the mould, pouring the mixed solution into the mould, and placing the polyester film with an exhaust hole with the diameter of 0.1mm on the upper layer of the mould to ensure that the surface of the cured silicon rubber is flat enough. And putting the mold into a vacuum defoaming box again, vacuumizing for about 3 minutes until no bubbles are generated, and taking out the mold.
(5) And (3) putting the mould into a constant-temperature air-blast drying box, and drying for 3h at the temperature of 60 ℃ (when the curing process parameters are 60 ℃, and when the curing process parameters are 3h, all performance parameters required by the silicon rubber reach optimal values).
Referring to fig. 3, to maximize the proximity of the pure bending model of the sensor and improve the measurement accuracy, the sensor needs to be in close "soft" contact with the outer layer of the cylindrical material, while elastic recovery of the sensor should be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, in this embodiment, the optical fiber sensor is applied to the outer layer of the material along the tangential direction of the outer diameter of the cylindrical material by using the rubber self-adhesive tape 302 with the width of 25mm and the thickness of 0.8mm, the optical fiber sensor 301 is placed under the cross-wound position of the rubber self-adhesive tape 302, and the side with the polyester film is applied to the outer layer of the cylindrical material, so as to reduce the friction coefficient of the contact surface, i.e. the so-called "soft" contact mode. Meanwhile, four angular forces of the optical fiber curvature sensor are fixed in a crossed winding mode, and the reliability and the stability of curvature sensing are guaranteed. The optical fiber sensor 301 is connected to the outside through a wire 303.
After the curvature sensor is fixed by selecting the cross winding, the manufactured optical fiber sensor and the curvature sensing measuring device in the fixing mode are calibrated in the embodiment. The measuring device is calibrated by nylon cylinders/rods with the diameters of 60mm, 55mm, 50mm, 45mm, 40mm and 35mm and the lengths of 80mm, and the curvatures are respectively recorded as curvature 1, curvature 2, curvature 3, curvature 4, curvature 5 and curvature 6. After the fixation, the fiber bragg grating is placed in a thermostat at 26.5 ℃ and the change of the wavelength of the curvature blocks with different diameters in one hour is recorded, as shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating can be stable within 1 hour in a cross winding mode. The wavelength values of the optical fibers with different curvatures after stabilization are counted, and the experiment is repeated for a plurality of times to establish the relation between the different curvatures and the wavelength difference values, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen thatTherefore, the curvature of the optical fiber and the wavelength deviation value present a better linear relation and accord with a pure bending theoretical model. Therefore, fitting the data points yields a sensitivity of 7.3987nm/mm for the first measurement of the curvature sensor -1 The sensitivity of the second measurement is 7.6019nm/mm -1 And the sensitivity of the third measurement is 7.8277nm/mm -1 The sensitivity of the fourth measurement is 8.0911nm/mm -1 The average sensitivity is 7.6793nm/mm -1 . The sensor and the attaching mode can be considered to better simulate a stress model under pure bending, and accurate and repeated measurement can be realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution can be modified and replaced by a plurality of simple modifications and replacements without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and the modifications and replacements also fall into the protection scope covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for attaching the optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of the columnar material is characterized in that the optical fiber sensor substrate material for measuring the external curvature of the columnar material is selected from commercial liquid silicone rubber, a layer of transparent polyester film for improving the smoothness between the transparent polyester film and a measured columnar object is fixed below the commercial liquid silicone rubber substrate, and the polyester film is directly attached to the lowest layer of the silicone rubber in the process of curing the liquid silicone rubber without using other adhesives; the method comprises the following steps:
the optical fiber sensor is placed below the cross winding position of the self-adhesive tape in a fixing mode of cross winding of the self-adhesive tape, and the base surface is pasted on the outer layer of the measured columnar object to resist four angular forces of the optical fiber sensor, so that the wavelength is stable.
2. The method for applying an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a cylindrical material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for manufacturing an optical fiber sensor for measuring the outer curvature of a cylindrical material comprises the steps of:
-selection of fiber grating and substrate material;
selecting fiber gratings by integrating the coating material and the sensing scale distance;
selecting a substrate material by integrating hardness, restoring force, shrinkage rate, color, obtaining mode, cost and manufacturing conditions;
-making a mould;
the mold material can ensure that the cured substrate is completely demoulded;
the size of the mould meets the size condition of an engineering pure bending model;
-flow making;
cleaning a mold, fixing the fiber bragg grating and spraying a release agent;
filling a substrate material and defoaming;
drying, curing and demolding to obtain the optical fiber sensor.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fiber grating is selected such that the coating material has a high temperature resistance and the sensing pitch is less than 10mm.
4. The method for applying the optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of the columnar material according to claim 2, wherein the hardness of the base material is 50HA, the base material is not deformed or torn after being stretched and twisted for many times, the base material HAs good capability of resisting the pressing of a hard object on the premise of being bent and restored along with a measured object, the obtaining method is easy, the manufacturing condition is simple, the curing molding shrinkage rate is below 0.001%, the color before and after molding is transparent or semitransparent, the embedded grating can be checked in real time in the process of manufacturing the sensor, and the optical fiber grating is ensured to be perpendicular to the two side surfaces of the mold and to be parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface of the mold in real time.
5. The method for applying the optical fiber sensor for measuring the external curvature of the cylindrical material as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the process of manufacturing the optical fiber sensor, the commercial liquid silicone rubber is first placed in a vacuum defoaming box for defoaming, then a polyester film is stuck and fixed on the bottom of the mold, the defoamed commercial liquid silicone rubber is poured into the mold, and after the defoaming is performed again, the mold is placed in a constant temperature air-blowing drying box for drying and curing, and the setting parameters of the drying and curing are as follows: the temperature is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 3h.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the mold has two side surfaces provided with limiting holes, and the mold can be opened from the limiting holes to place the fiber grating inside the mold.
7. The method for applying an optical fiber sensor to measure the external curvature of a cylindrical material according to claim 2, wherein the dimension of the die can be simplified to a pure bending stress condition under a stress condition of transverse force bending, that is, the axial length of the die is more than 5 times of the height of the die, and the influence of the shear stress and the extrusion stress on the bending normal stress is ignored.
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