CN113359039A - Lithium ion power battery evaluation and recycling method - Google Patents
Lithium ion power battery evaluation and recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113359039A CN113359039A CN202110697196.4A CN202110697196A CN113359039A CN 113359039 A CN113359039 A CN 113359039A CN 202110697196 A CN202110697196 A CN 202110697196A CN 113359039 A CN113359039 A CN 113359039A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/378—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery, which comprises the following steps: s1: the lithium ion power battery is placed for a plurality of days under certain conditions; s2: testing the actual capacity of the lithium ion power battery; s3: carrying out direct current internal resistance test on the lithium ion power battery; s4: classifying the lithium ion power batteries into a power aging group and an energy aging group according to the test results of S2 and S3; s5: and reusing the lithium ion power battery in the energy aging group. According to the invention, the lithium ion power battery is subjected to actual capacity loss and direct current internal resistance evaluation, the batteries are grouped according to test data, and the lithium ion power battery of the power aging group and the super capacitor are connected in parallel through the boost converter to carry out secondary utilization of the lithium ion power battery, so that the current peak load capacity is obviously improved, the secondary service life of the lithium ion power battery is prolonged, and the economic value is favorably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery recycling, in particular to a method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery.
Background
In the near future, there will be a large number of power batteries on the market, and it is estimated that the number of lithium ion power battery packs used in each case increases from 140 ten thousand to 680 ten thousand in 2035 years. Therefore, based on the economic and ecological cost consideration in the life cycle of the lithium ion power battery, the value of the lithium ion power battery dismantled from the electric vehicle needs to be evaluated and reused. The patent document of China discloses a battery recycling method, which is published under the publication number CN110611135B, and the method acquires the charge state and the battery health degree of a single lithium-ion power battery according to the historical operating data of an energy storage system of the lithium-ion power battery, and carries out gradient recombination and utilization on each single lithium-ion power battery according to the charge state and the battery health degree. Although the technical scheme evaluates the energy characteristics of the lithium ion single battery before secondary utilization, including the state of charge, the battery health degree and the like, the evaluation on the power characteristics of the lithium ion power battery is lacked, the reliability of the current peak value use in an energy storage system cannot be ensured, the secondary use risk of the lithium ion power battery is increased, and the service life and the use value of the battery are not favorably improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery, aiming at overcoming the problems that the power characteristics of the lithium ion power battery are not evaluated in the prior art, the reliability of the use of a current peak value in an energy storage system cannot be ensured, the secondary use risk of the lithium ion power battery is increased, and the service life and the use value of the battery are not favorably improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery comprises the following steps: s1: the lithium ion power battery is placed for a plurality of days under certain conditions; s2: testing the actual capacity of the lithium ion power battery; s3: carrying out direct current internal resistance test on the lithium ion power battery; s4: classifying the lithium ion power batteries into a power aging group and an energy aging group according to the test results of S2 and S3; s5: and reusing the lithium ion power battery in the energy aging group. According to the method for recycling the lithium ion power battery pack, the lithium ion power battery is classified in groups by evaluating the actual capacity loss, the direct current internal resistance and the mutual relation between the actual capacity loss and the direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion power battery, the lithium ion power battery with the suddenly changed capacity and internal resistance relation is recycled, and the secondary service life of the lithium ion power battery is obviously prolonged.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the S2 includes the steps of: s21: at 25 deg.C with I1The lithium ion power battery is charged to 100 percent SOC by multiplying power constant current and constant voltage, and the cut-off current is I2(ii) a Lay T1After minutes, with I1Discharging the lithium ion power battery to 0% SOC under constant current of multiplying power, repeating the discharging for a plurality of times, and recording the average value of the obtained discharging capacity as Q1; s22: putting the lithium ion power battery completing S21 on a shelf T2For hours, then at constant current I3Discharging to 0% SOC, and recording the discharge capacity as Q2; s23: let Q1+ Q2 be the actual capacity of the lithium ion power cell, with the actual capacity loss being the nominal capacity minus the actual capacity. In S21, the lithium ion power battery is charged and discharged for a plurality of times, each time of charging and discharging obtains a discharge capacity, the average value of the obtained discharge capacity is measured, the discharge capacity obtained by one time of charging and discharging has certain contingency and errors, the average value of a plurality of discharge capacities is calculated, the errors can be reduced, and the tightness and accuracy of the discharge capacity data are ensured; the lithium-ion power battery that completed S21 was left for a certain time and then discharged to 0% SOC because the voltage of the lithium-ion power battery rebounded during this time.
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, I in S211Is 0.1C, T1Minute range of 10-20 minutes, I2It was 0.05C. Charging the lithium ion power battery to 100% SOC at constant current and constant voltage with 0.1C multiplying power under the environment of 25 ℃, wherein the cut-off current is 0.05C; after the lithium ion power battery is placed for 10-20 minutes, the lithium ion power battery is discharged to 0% SOC at a constant current of 0.1C rate, the discharging capacity is repeated for a plurality of times, the average value of the obtained discharging capacity is marked as Q1, and the obtained Q1 is used for calculating the actual capacity and the actual capacity loss of the battery in the subsequent stepsAnd (4) calculating.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, T in S22 is2Hour 96 hours, I3It was 0.005C. The battery voltage rebounds after the lithium ion power battery is discharged, the lithium ion power battery which finishes the step S21 is placed for 96 hours, the battery voltage rebounds and reaches a stable state, then the battery is discharged to 0% SOC in a constant current with a small current, and at the moment, the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery is completely discharged.
As a preferred aspect of the present invention, the grouping in S4 is classified according to: and classifying the batteries with the actual capacity loss below a AH and the direct current internal resistance above b m omega into a power aging group, and classifying the other batteries into an energy aging group. In the invention S4, the lithium ion power batteries are classified into groups, wherein the lithium ion power batteries of the power aging group are reused by using the lithium ion power battery reusing method in the invention, and the lithium ion power batteries of the energy aging group are not in the research range of the invention.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the method for recycling the battery in S5 includes: and the super capacitor is connected with the lithium ion power battery in the power aging set in parallel through the boost converter. The super capacitor has high power density and certain energy density, and can be configured in series and parallel with the lithium ion power battery, when the super capacitor is connected in series with the battery, the super capacitor passively levels direct current voltage to reduce load current, and under the condition of parallel connection, the super capacitor can passively absorb a current peak value to slow down the impact of large current on the lithium ion power battery. The invention adopts parallel configuration, the super capacitor is connected with the lithium ion power battery in parallel through the boost converter, is used for actively controlling current, is suitable for high-power and peak current regulation and control, effectively reduces the charging and discharging depth of the lithium ion power battery, and prolongs the cycle life of the lithium ion power battery.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the certain condition is that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, and the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery is 0% SOC. Before the lithium ion power battery is subjected to actual capacity test, the lithium ion power battery needs to be placed under the conditions of 25 ℃ environment and 0% SOC of the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery, so that the lithium ion power battery reaches a stable state.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the lithium ion power battery is subjected to actual capacity loss and direct current internal resistance evaluation, the batteries are grouped according to test data, the lithium ion power battery of the power aging group and the super capacitor are connected in parallel through the boost converter, secondary utilization of the lithium ion power battery is carried out, current peak load capacity is remarkably improved, secondary service life of the lithium ion power battery is prolonged, and economic value is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure in which an ultracapacitor of the invention is stored energy in parallel with a lithium ion power battery through a boost converter;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the actual capacity loss and DC internal resistance test results of a lithium ion power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a periodic high rate current applied to a lithium ion power battery pack in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
A method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery comprises the following steps: s1: the lithium ion power battery is placed for a plurality of days under certain conditions; s2: testing the actual capacity of the lithium ion power battery; s3: carrying out direct current internal resistance test on the lithium ion power battery; s4: classifying the lithium ion power batteries into a power aging group and an energy aging group according to the test results of S2 and S3; s5: and reusing the lithium ion power battery in the energy aging group.
Wherein, S2 includes the following steps: s21: charging the lithium ion power battery to 100% SOC at constant current and constant voltage with 0.1C multiplying power under the environment of 25 ℃, wherein the cut-off current is 0.05C; after the lithium ion power battery is placed for 10-20 minutes, discharging the lithium ion power battery to 0% SOC at a constant current of 0.1C multiplying power, and repeating the discharging for a plurality of times, wherein the average value of the obtained discharging capacity is marked as Q1; s22: the lithium ion power battery after S21 is laid aside for 96h, and then discharged to 0% SOC at 0.005C, and the discharge capacity is marked as Q2; s23: let Q1+ Q2 be the actual capacity of the lithium ion power cell, with the actual capacity loss being the nominal capacity minus the actual capacity.
S3 testing the direct current internal resistance by using a conventional HPPC method.
The grouping in S4 is based on: and classifying the batteries with the actual capacity loss below a AH and the direct current internal resistance above b m omega into a power aging group, and classifying the other batteries into an energy aging group.
The method for recycling the battery in the S5 comprises the following steps: and the super capacitor is connected with the lithium ion power battery in the power aging set in parallel through the boost converter. As shown in fig. 1, the positive terminal of the super capacitor is connected to the positive terminal of the lithium ion power battery through the boost converter, the negative terminal of the super capacitor is connected to the negative terminal of the lithium ion power battery, the positive terminal of the lithium ion power battery is grounded through the load, and the negative terminal of the lithium ion power battery is grounded.
The value a and the value b in the step S4 are set according to the actual situation of the lithium ion power battery.
In the S1, the certain conditions are that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃, and the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery is 0% SOC.
According to the method for recycling the lithium ion power battery pack, the lithium ion power battery is classified in groups by evaluating the actual capacity loss, the direct current internal resistance and the mutual relation between the actual capacity loss and the direct current internal resistance of the lithium ion power battery, the lithium ion power battery with the suddenly changed capacity and internal resistance relation is recycled, and the secondary service life of the lithium ion power battery is obviously prolonged.
In S21, the lithium ion power battery is charged and discharged for a plurality of times, each time of charging and discharging obtains a discharge capacity, the average value of the obtained discharge capacity is measured, the discharge capacity obtained by one time of charging and discharging has certain contingency and errors, the average value of a plurality of discharge capacities is calculated, the errors can be reduced, and the tightness and accuracy of the discharge capacity data are ensured; the lithium ion power cell that completed S21 was left for 96 hours and then discharged to 0% SOC at 0.005C because the voltage of the lithium ion power cell rebounded during this 96 hours.
S3 testing the direct current internal resistance by using a conventional HPPC method. And grouping and classifying the lithium ion power batteries by evaluating the actual capacity loss, the direct current internal resistance and the mutual relation between the direct current internal resistance and the lithium ion power batteries, and reusing the lithium ion power batteries with the suddenly changed capacity and internal resistance relation.
In the invention S4, the lithium ion power batteries are classified into groups, wherein the lithium ion power batteries of the power aging group are reused by using the lithium ion power battery reusing method in the invention, and the lithium ion power batteries of the energy aging group are not in the research range of the invention.
The super capacitor has high power density and certain energy density, and can be configured in series and parallel with the lithium ion power battery, when the super capacitor is connected in series with the battery, the super capacitor passively levels direct current voltage to reduce load current, and under the condition of parallel connection, the super capacitor can passively absorb a current peak value to slow down the impact of large current on the lithium ion power battery. As shown in fig. 1, the method for recycling the battery in S5 of the present invention employs a parallel configuration, and the super capacitor is connected in parallel with the lithium ion power battery through the boost converter for actively controlling the current, so as to be suitable for high power and peak current regulation, effectively reduce the charging and discharging depth of the lithium ion power battery, and prolong the cycle life of the lithium ion power battery.
Because parameters such as battery capacity, pole plate materials, electrolyte concentration and the like of the lithium ion power batteries are different, the standards are different when the boundary capacity loss test and the direct current internal resistance are carried out, and the grouping should be carried out by combining related parameters of the lithium ion power batteries when the lithium ion power batteries are grouped.
Before the lithium ion power battery is subjected to actual capacity test, the lithium ion power battery needs to be placed under the conditions of 25 ℃ environment and 0% SOC of the electric quantity of the lithium ion power battery, so that the lithium ion power battery reaches a stable state.
The invention is further described below with reference to a specific embodiment.
Selecting 36 bags of lithium ion power batteries which are removed from the electric automobile and reach the end of the service life and have consistent battery capacity, pole plate materials and electrolyte concentration, placing the 36 bags of lithium ion power batteries in an environment of 25 ℃ and under the condition that the electric quantity is 0% SOC, and preparing for carrying out an actual capacity test after placing for 1-2 days; charging the lithium ion power battery to 100% SOC at constant current and constant voltage with 0.1C multiplying power under the environment of 25 ℃, wherein the cut-off current is 0.05C; after the lithium ion power battery is placed for 10-20 minutes, discharging the lithium ion power battery to 0% SOC at a constant current of 0.1C, repeating the steps for 3 times, recording the average value of the obtained discharge capacity as Q1, placing the lithium ion power battery after the steps for 96 hours, then discharging the lithium ion power battery to 0% SOC at 0.005C, recording the discharge capacity as Q2, recording Q1+ Q2 as the actual capacity of the lithium ion power battery, wherein the actual capacity loss is the nominal capacity minus the actual capacity, the nominal capacity is a fixed parameter of the lithium ion power battery, and the fixed parameter can be searched in a battery label or a battery instruction manual; the direct current internal resistance test is carried out on the lithium ion power batteries, the direct current internal resistance is tested by adopting a conventional HPPC method, the test results of the actual capacity loss and the direct current internal resistance of 36 packets of lithium ion power batteries are shown in figure 2, and the test results show that the direct current internal resistance of 9 lithium ion power batteries is obviously increased and is more than 3.0m omega, the actual capacity loss is not different from other batteries, the sudden change of the internal resistance and the capacity relation in the packets of batteries is reflected, 9 batteries with the direct current internal resistance of more than 3.0m omega and the actual capacity loss of less than 28AH are classified into a power aging group, and the rest 27 batteries are energy aging groups; the secondary utilization test is carried out on 9 lithium ion power batteries in the power aging group, the super capacitor is connected with the lithium ion power batteries in parallel through the boost converter, in order to verify the effect after the parallel connection, 3 power aging lithium ion power batteries are taken, periodic high-rate current is applied, as shown in figure 3, after the power aging lithium ion power batteries last for 50 weeks, the capacity retention rate after circulation is improved by 50% -70% compared with the battery without the super capacitor in parallel connection, and the result shows that after the power aging lithium ion power batteries are connected with the super capacitor in parallel, the peak current load capacity of the power aging lithium ion power batteries can be obviously improved, the secondary service life is prolonged, the use value of the lithium ion power batteries is improved, and the economic benefit is increased.
Claims (7)
1. A method for evaluating and recycling a lithium ion power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the lithium ion power battery is placed for a plurality of days under certain conditions;
s2: testing the actual capacity of the lithium ion power battery;
s3: carrying out direct current internal resistance test on the lithium ion power battery;
s4: classifying the lithium ion power batteries into a power aging group and an energy aging group according to the test results of S2 and S3;
s5: and reusing the lithium ion power battery in the energy aging group.
2. The method for evaluating and recycling the lithium-ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the steps of:
s21: at 25 deg.C with I1The lithium ion power battery is charged to 100% SOC by multiplying power constant current and constant voltage, and the cut-off current is I2(ii) a Lay T1After minutes, with I1Discharging the lithium ion power battery to 0% SOC under constant current of multiplying power, repeating the discharging for a plurality of times, and recording the average value of the obtained discharging capacity as Q1;
s22: putting the lithium ion power battery completing S21 on a shelf T2For hours, then at constant current I3Discharging to 0% SOC, and recording the discharge capacity as Q2;
s23: let Q1+ Q2 be the actual capacity of the lithium ion power cell, with the actual capacity loss being the nominal capacity minus the actual capacity.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein I in S21 is1Is 0.1C, T1Minute range of 10-20 minutes, I2It was 0.05C.
4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein T in S22 is the same as T2Hour 96 hours, I3It was 0.005C.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grouping and classification in S4 is based on: and classifying the batteries with the actual capacity loss below a AH and the direct current internal resistance above b m omega into a power aging group, and classifying the other batteries into an energy aging group.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for recycling the battery in S5 comprises: and the super capacitor is connected with the lithium ion power battery in the power aging set in parallel through the boost converter.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condition in S1 is that the ambient temperature is 25 ℃ and the electric quantity of the lithium-ion power battery is 0% SOC.
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- 2021-06-23 CN CN202110697196.4A patent/CN113359039A/en active Pending
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